Protestant Reformation Protestant Reformation

Guided QuestionGuided Question

What were the major causes of the Protestant What were the major causes of the Protestant Reformation? Reformation?

How did the Protestant faith differ from How did the Protestant faith differ from Catholicism? Catholicism?

What are the differences between Zwingli, What are the differences between Zwingli, Anabaptists, Calvanists, Spiritualists, Anabaptists, Calvanists, Spiritualists, Antitrinitarians….Antitrinitarians….

Martin LutherMartin Luther

He felt guilty as a childHe felt guilty as a child Angry father Angry father St Anne-”I will become a monk” St Anne-”I will become a monk” Wanted to find peace of mind Wanted to find peace of mind

Challenges to Medieval Church Challenges to Medieval Church Not a viable solution to Piety Not a viable solution to Piety More Heartfelt, idealism More Heartfelt, idealism More knowledge, Travel, Printing Press-books More knowledge, Travel, Printing Press-books

and libraries. and libraries. A simple religion of love and self-sacrifice-A simple religion of love and self-sacrifice-

J.C.-spiritual church-more voice. J.C.-spiritual church-more voice.

Collapse of Church: Collapse of Church: Regional Identity, local secular administration, Regional Identity, local secular administration,

nationalism nationalism Sale of Indulgences-Protest Sale of Indulgences-Protest Buy release of time in purgatory-themselves Buy release of time in purgatory-themselves

and loved onesand loved ones St Peter’s BasilicaSt Peter’s Basilica No taxes on Church property No taxes on Church property

His Ideas His Ideas

Against Indulgences-greed, hypocrisy, and moral rotAgainst Indulgences-greed, hypocrisy, and moral rot No human being had the power to abolish sins No human being had the power to abolish sins Close Monasteries Close Monasteries Translation of Bible Translation of Bible End the Power of Pope End the Power of Pope Salvation by faith alone in GOD Salvation by faith alone in GOD Bible as the only true authorityBible as the only true authority Baptism and communion-Valid Sacraments Baptism and communion-Valid Sacraments

Protestant Reformation-Sharp conflict between Protestant Reformation-Sharp conflict between emerging nation-states and self-governing emerging nation-states and self-governing towns. towns.

Protestant: Protestant: Guilds-economically prosperous, socially Guilds-economically prosperous, socially

rising. rising. Religious FREEDOM-relevant to townspeople Religious FREEDOM-relevant to townspeople

of German cities. of German cities.

Modern Devotion Modern Devotion

Lay religious movement Lay religious movement Northern Europe Northern Europe Boarding school for reform minded Laity Boarding school for reform minded Laity Prayer and Study Prayer and Study Common life, stressing individual piety and Common life, stressing individual piety and

practical religion practical religion Educators, publications, ran hospices, schools..Educators, publications, ran hospices, schools..

Righteousness that God demands-not from Righteousness that God demands-not from charitable acts but any who believe in him charitable acts but any who believe in him

Good works-lifetime-not because of Good works-lifetime-not because of SALVATION SALVATION An indulgence-confessed moral sins-remission An indulgence-confessed moral sins-remission

Crusaders-couldn’t complete penances Crusaders-couldn’t complete penances because they have fallen in battle because they have fallen in battle

Johann Tetzel Johann Tetzel

Johann Tetzel Johann Tetzel

Melancholia Melancholia

Knight, Death and DevilKnight, Death and Devil

Break with ChurchBreak with Church

Luther disagreed with Church practices Luther disagreed with Church practices Bible sole religious authority Bible sole religious authority God viewed all believers equally God viewed all believers equally Printing Press to spread ideas Printing Press to spread ideas Pope Leo X-Excommunicated Luther Pope Leo X-Excommunicated Luther Luther-translated the Bible-Germany Luther-translated the Bible-Germany All Germans can read Bible All Germans can read Bible

Calvinism Calvinism

John Calvin John Calvin Germany Germany Thirty Years War Thirty Years War Divine Predestination, Justification by faith alone, Divine Predestination, Justification by faith alone,

Destiny-Gods hands, God’s elect Destiny-Gods hands, God’s elect Transform society Transform society ““to live according to the Gospel and the Word of to live according to the Gospel and the Word of

God …without any more Masses, statues, idols, or God …without any more Masses, statues, idols, or papal abuses”. papal abuses”.

Zwingli Zwingli

Switzerland-loose confederation of states-Switzerland-loose confederation of states-catholic and protestant catholic and protestant

Erasmus Erasmus Whatever lacked literal support in Scripture Whatever lacked literal support in Scripture

was to be neither believed nor practiced was to be neither believed nor practiced Saints, pilgrimages, fasting, purgatory, Saints, pilgrimages, fasting, purgatory,

sacraments sacraments Zwingli vs Luther-Eucharist Zwingli vs Luther-Eucharist

AnabaptistsAnabaptists

Mennonites and Amish Mennonites and Amish No infant baptism No infant baptism Conrad Grebel Conrad Grebel Pacifism Pacifism Non-participation of Church offices Non-participation of Church offices

Spiritualist Spiritualist

Disdain for external, institutional religion Disdain for external, institutional religion Only religious authority-GOD Only religious authority-GOD

Charles V-Emperor Charles V-Emperor Diet of Worms Diet of Worms Ordered to recant Ordered to recant Placed under the Imperial Ban-”outlaw” Placed under the Imperial Ban-”outlaw” Wartburg Castle: Translated New Testament in Wartburg Castle: Translated New Testament in

German German Peasants Revolt: Peasants(freedom) Peasants Revolt: Peasants(freedom) Peasants Revolted against Landlords-Luther Peasants Revolted against Landlords-Luther

Condemned them-”unchristian” Condemned them-”unchristian”

Political Consolidation Political Consolidation of the Lutheran Reformationof the Lutheran Reformation

Assembly of Protestants and Catholics Assembly of Protestants and Catholics Religious divisions Religious divisions Charles V-asked all to convert back to Charles V-asked all to convert back to

Catholicism-NEGATIVE!!!!Catholicism-NEGATIVE!!!! Lutherans created-Augsburg Confession-defensive Lutherans created-Augsburg Confession-defensive

alliance alliance Reaction against ProtestantsReaction against Protestants Peace of Augsburg-The ruler of a land would Peace of Augsburg-The ruler of a land would

determine its religion. determine its religion.

TeachingsTeachings

Justification by FAITH alone Justification by FAITH alone It was unbilical-treat good works-eternal It was unbilical-treat good works-eternal

salvation salvation Faith-sets narcissistic souls apartFaith-sets narcissistic souls apart

SpreadSpread

Frederick of Saxony-protected Luther Frederick of Saxony-protected Luther Excommunicated in 1520. Excommunicated in 1520. Promoted-Nobility and Commoners Promoted-Nobility and Commoners Peace of Augsburg-”he rules; his religion”Peace of Augsburg-”he rules; his religion” Netherlands, Scandinavia, Scotland, EnglandNetherlands, Scandinavia, Scotland, England France-declared Heretical France-declared Heretical Civil War 1562Civil War 1562 Edict of Nantes-1589-Religious Toleration Edict of Nantes-1589-Religious Toleration

Protestantism Protestantism

Emperor Charles V-Opposed Luther’s Emperor Charles V-Opposed Luther’s teachings teachings

Followers-Protestants Followers-Protestants Spread of Protestantism-Printing Press-Spread Spread of Protestantism-Printing Press-Spread

of Ideas of Ideas Lutheran Church Lutheran Church

Spread of Protestantism Spread of Protestantism

Zwingli-Switzerland Zwingli-Switzerland John Calvin-French ProtestantJohn Calvin-French Protestant Predestination-God decided who would be Predestination-God decided who would be

saved saved France-Calvinists-Huguenots France-Calvinists-Huguenots

Transforming society spiritually and morallyTransforming society spiritually and morally Elect-should act a God pleasing manner Elect-should act a God pleasing manner Michael Servetus-Condemned-Died at the Michael Servetus-Condemned-Died at the

stake stake

Indulgence:Indulgence: Rebuilding St. Peters Cathedral Rebuilding St. Peters Cathedral John Tetzel John Tetzel

The Diet of Worms-tribunal of the Holy The Diet of Worms-tribunal of the Holy Roman Empire; power to outlaw-condemn to Roman Empire; power to outlaw-condemn to be burned at the stake. be burned at the stake.

Peasants War-German farmers used force Peasants War-German farmers used force against their landowners.against their landowners.

Anabaptists-Mennonites and Amish Anabaptists-Mennonites and Amish Adult Baptism Adult Baptism Conrad Grebel-Leader of Anabaptists Conrad Grebel-Leader of Anabaptists Refusal to swear oaths, non-participation in Refusal to swear oaths, non-participation in

the offices of gov’tthe offices of gov’t