Protest and Economics

Chapter 21

Civil Rights and Environmentalism

Chapter 21 sections 4 & 5

African Americans Seek Greater Opportunity

• Equal access to education• To intergrade schools the

Supreme Court ordered busing outside their neighborhoods

• Many whites moved their kids out of public schools

• 20,00 white students in Boston went to parochial schools

Affirmative Action

• Called for companies, schools and institutions dealing with federal government to recruit African Americans

• 1978 Supreme Court ruled in California Regents V Bakke 5-4 that his civil rights were violated

New Political Leaders

• Jesse Jackson former Martin Luther King aid formed PUSH (People United to Save Humanity)

• 1988 sought the Democratic presidential nomination

• 1971 first time since reconstruction African Americans became more influential

• Who was the founder?– Jesse jackson

A Protest Movement Emerges

• 1961 400 tribes met in Chicago to discuss problems

• 1968 congress passes the Indian Civil Rights Act– Recognized tribal law– Gave protection of the Bill of

Rights

• 1969 protest at Wounded Knee and also took over Alcatraz– Was led by AIM (American

Indian Movement)

A Protest Movement emerges

• 1975 congress passes the Indian Self Determination and Educational assistance Act– Expanded local control

over federal programs

The Disability Rights Movement

• Started in Berkeley in 1970s for people with disabilities to live freely in society

• 1968 Architectural Barriers Act-building built with federal funds have access for people with disabilities

Disability Rights Movement

• -No qualified individuals with a disability can be excluded or denied benefits under any programs receiving federal funds

• 1975 Education for all handicapped children Act-all students with disabilities receive an appropriate education

Disability Rights Movement

• 1990 congress passes the American with Disabilities Act- banned discrimination in

Environmentalists Speak Out

• 1960s-1970s scientists learned more about toxic waste

• Toxic waste- poisonous byproduct of human activity

• Concerns over- coal, smog, pesticide abuse, and polluted rivers

Environmentalists Speak Out

• Rachael Carson writes Silent Spring– Describes the deadly

affect of pesticides that they were having on birds and animals

• She insisted human activity drastically altered the environment

• Her work caused Congress to bad DDT– DDT was a pesticide

• 1968 Cuyahoga River catches fire in Cleveland Ohio

Inaugurating Earth Day

• Nationwide protest called for Earth Day

• Cuyahoga River fire made it seem like predictions were coming true

• April 22, 1970 First Earth Day, 20 million people took part

• There were concerns if government should take over private property

A President Turns Environmentalist

• 1970 Nixon asks Congress to create Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)– Mission to protect the

entire ecological chain– Sought to eliminate

pollutants

A President Turns Environmentalist

• Nixon signs Clean Air Act (1970) to combat pollutants

• Clean Water Act (1973) limit pollution by agriculture and industry

• Endangered Species Act (1973) promote the protection of endangered species and animals