Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein...
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Transcript of Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein...
![Page 1: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1afb7f8b9ab059983eaa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Protein SynthesisMaking Proteins
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Why Do We Need Proteins?
1. Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein
Cell membrane
![Page 3: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1afb7f8b9ab059983eaa/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why Do We Need Proteins?
2. Cell Processes
Hormones (signals)
Enzymes (speed up reactions)
![Page 4: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1afb7f8b9ab059983eaa/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why Do We Need Proteins?
Membrane Channels (remember transport?)
Neurotransmitters(carry nerve / brain messages)
![Page 5: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1afb7f8b9ab059983eaa/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What Do We Need For Protein Synthesis?
1.DNA
Template for making mRNA during Transcription
![Page 6: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1afb7f8b9ab059983eaa/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What Do We Need For Protein Synthesis?
2. RNAa. mRNA = messenger RNA
makes & takes copy of DNA to cytoplasm
b. tRNA = transfer RNA
Matches w/ mRNA on ribosome
Carries AA to add to protein chain?s 1-7
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What Do We Need For Protein Synthesis?
c. rRNA = ribosomal RNA
Part of ribosome
Reads mRNA
Directs tRNA
![Page 8: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1afb7f8b9ab059983eaa/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What Do We Need For Protein Synthesis?
3. Ribosome
Reads mRNA
Directs tRNA
Creates peptide bonds between AAs(makes polypeptide chain)
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What Do We Need For Protein Synthesis?
4. Amino Acids (AAs) Building blocks of proteins
(20 AAs exist) Protein = AA chain
= polypeptide chain ORDER MATTERS!
AA order determines f(x) of protein
?s 8-12
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Steps of Protein Synthesis
1. Transcription (writing the “message”) DNA ►mRNA
messenger carries codeto cytoplasm
2. Translation (reading the “message”) mRNA ►tRNA ►protein (AA chain)
message translated into a protein
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Transcription
DNA ►mRNA1. Location = nucleus2. Steps
a. Enzyme binds to DNA, unzips itb. mRNA copy of gene made
from DNA template*U replaces T in RNA
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Transcription
3 DNA nucleotides (triplet) ►mRNA codon
Codons
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Translation
mRNA ►tRNA ►protein (AA chain)
Location = cytoplasm
(first codon in mRNA is the start codon AUG)
?s 13-17
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Translation
Steps of Translation1. mRNA moves to cytoplasm,
binds to ribosome2. tRNA anticodon UAC brings
AA (methionine) to mRNA codon
on ribosome
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Translation3. Ribosome moves down mRNA
to next codon
4. tRNA anticodon brings & attaches next AA with peptide bond
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Translation
5. tRNA leaves ribosome once AA attached
tRNA
mRNA
AA
Protein chain
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Translation6. Steps 1-5 repeated, adding AAs
until STOP CODON *signals end of protein
7. Polypeptide chain released from ribosome
* UAG, UAA, or UGA
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Synthesis PracticeDNA Triplet
mRNA Codon
tRNA Anti-codon
TAC
GGA
CCT
TAT
ACT
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Synthesis Practice
DNA Triplet
mRNA Codon
tRNA Anti-codon
TAC AUG
GGA
CCT
TAT
ACT
![Page 22: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1afb7f8b9ab059983eaa/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Synthesis Practice
DNA Triplet
mRNA Codon
tRNA Anti-codon
TAC AUG UAC
GGA
CCT
TAT
ACT
![Page 23: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1afb7f8b9ab059983eaa/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Synthesis Practice
DNA Triplet
mRNA Codon
tRNA Anti-codon
TAC AUG UAC
GGA CCU
CCT
TAT
ACT
![Page 24: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1afb7f8b9ab059983eaa/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Synthesis Practice
DNA Triplet
mRNA Codon
tRNA Anti-codon
TAC AUG UAC
GGA CCU GGA
CCT
TAT
ACT
![Page 25: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1afb7f8b9ab059983eaa/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Synthesis Practice
DNA Triplet
mRNA Codon
tRNA Anti-codon
TAC AUG UAC
GGA CCU GGA
CCT GGA
TAT
ACT
![Page 26: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1afb7f8b9ab059983eaa/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Synthesis Practice
DNA Triplet
mRNA Codon
tRNA Anti-codon
TAC AUG UAC
GGA CCU GGA
CCT GGA CCU
TAT
ACT
![Page 27: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1afb7f8b9ab059983eaa/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Synthesis Practice
DNA Triplet
mRNA Codon
tRNA Anti-codon
TAC AUG UAC
GGA CCU GGA
CCT GGA CCU
TAT AUA
ACT
![Page 28: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1afb7f8b9ab059983eaa/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Synthesis Practice
DNA Triplet
mRNA Codon
tRNA Anti-codon
TAC AUG UAC
GGA CCU GGA
CCT GGA CCU
TAT AUA UAU
ACT
![Page 29: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1afb7f8b9ab059983eaa/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Synthesis Practice
DNA Triplet
mRNA Codon
tRNA Anti-codon
TAC AUG UAC
GGA CCU GGA
CCT GGA CCU
TAT AUA UAU
ACT UGA
![Page 30: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1afb7f8b9ab059983eaa/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Synthesis Practice
DNA Triplet
mRNA Codon
tRNA Anti-codon
TAC AUG UAC
GGA CCU GGA
CCT GGA CCU
TAT AUA UAU
ACT UGA ACU
![Page 31: Protein Synthesis Making Proteins. Why Do We Need Proteins? 1.Cell Structure Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1afb7f8b9ab059983eaa/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
AMINO ACID FUN!!
DNA Triplet: ACCmRNA codon: UGGtRNA anti-codon: ACCAmino acid: TryptophanWhy you should know this? Tryptophan is in TURKEY – makes you sleepy
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Protein Synthesis Animationhttp://www.columbia.edu/cu/biology/courses/c2005/images/animtransln.gif
?s 18-25