Protein Synthesis C Emhoff Pd. 3
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Protein Synthesis
By Chandler Emhoff
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CYTOPLASMNUCLEUS
DNA
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CYTOPLASMNUCLEUS
DNA
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CYTOPLASMNUCLEUS
DNA
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CYTOPLASMNUCLEUS
DNA
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NUCLEUS
DNA
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NUCLEUS
DNA
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NUCLEUS
DNA
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NUCLEUS
DNA
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NUCLEUS
DNA
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NUCLEUS
DNA
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G A
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G A G
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U A
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U A C
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U A C U
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U A C U G
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U A C U G A
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U A C U G A U
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U A C U G A U GmRNA Strand
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ T A C T C G A T G A C T A C T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A T G A G C T A C T G A T G A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A U G CA G U A C U G A U GmRNA Strand
RNA Polymerase breaks the bonds to read for the complementary base.
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CYTOPLASMNUCLEUS
DNA
mRNA
Ribosome
The mRNA strand leaves the nucleus threw a nuclear pore and goes to a ribosome.
Nuclear Pore
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CYTOPLASMNUCLEUS
DNA
mRNA
Ribosome
The mRNA strand leaves the nucleus threw a nuclear pore and goes to a ribosome.
Nuclear Pore
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CYTOPLASMNUCLEUS
DNA
mRNA
Ribosome
The mRNA strand leaves the nucleus threw a nuclear pore and goes to a ribosome.
Nuclear Pore
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CYTOPLASMNUCLEUS
DNA
mRNA
Nuclear Pore
Ribosome
The mRNA strand leaves the nucleus threw a nuclear pore and goes to a ribosome.
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CYTOPLASMNUCLEUS
DNA
mRNA
Ribosome
The mRNA strand leaves the nucleus threw a nuclear pore and goes to a ribosome.
Nuclear Pore
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CYTOPLASMNUCLEUS
DNA
mRNA
Ribosome
The mRNA strand leaves the nucleus threw a nuclear pore and goes to a ribosome.
Nuclear Pore
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mRNAThe mRNA strand leaves the nucleus threw a nucleic pore and goes to a ribosome.
Larger Ribosomal Subunit
Smaller Ribosomal Subunit
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mRNAThe mRNA strand leaves the nucleus threw a nucleic pore and goes to a ribosome.
Larger Ribosomal Subunit
Smaller Ribosomal Subunit
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mRNA Strand
The mRNA strand leaves the nucleus threw a nucleic pore and goes to a ribosome.
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
Start Codon Stop Codon
CodonCodonCodon
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mRNA Strand
The mRNA strand leaves the nucleus threw a nucleic pore and goes to a ribosome.
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
Start Codon Stop Codon
CodonCodonCodon
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mRNA
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain.
Amino Acid
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mRNA
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain.
Amino Acid
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mRNA
A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain.
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mRNA
A U G CA G U A C U G A U GU A C
The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain.
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mRNA
A U G CA G U A C U G A U GU A C
The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain.
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A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
U A C
U C GThe tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain.
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A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
U A C
U C G The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain.
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A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
U C GA U G
The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain.
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A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
A U G The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain.
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A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
A U G
A C
The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain.
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A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
A C The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain.
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A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
The tRNA comes to the stop codon and stops reading and forming the polypeptide chain.
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A U G CA G U A C U G A U GU A C
The tRNA comes to the stop codon and stops reading and forming the polypeptide chain.
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A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
U A C The tRNA comes to the stop codon and stops reading and forming the polypeptide chain.
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A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain from the peptide bonds between proteins (blue line).
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A U G CA G U A C U G A U G
The tRNA reads and forms complementary bases and then leave behind it’s amino acid to form a poly peptide chain from the peptide bonds between proteins (blue line).
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Verbal SummaryFirst the RNA Primase breaks the DNA’s hydrogen bonds and reads it to form a complementary mRNA strand. The mRNA strand leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore and enters into a ribosomes. Once inside the ribosome the mRNA is read by a tRNA, a molecule with an amino acid attached, and then the matching base pairs are copied and processed. The amino acid is left behind. Once a group of amino acids are left behind a polypeptide bond is formed between the amino acids and a polypeptide chain is formed.