Protecting Collections and S i E t th Saving Energy at the National Gallery … · 2013. 9. 18. ·...

2013, National Gallery of Art, Washington DC USA 1

Protecting Collections and S i E t th Saving Energy at the National Gallery of Art

Cecily Grzywacz CEMCecily Grzywacz, CEMDave Matthews, CEM

Sustainability OfficeyFacilities ManagementWashington DC


Climate Control is SpecificClimate Control is Specific• Building Object

• Geographical location• HVAC system

Museum

• Collection• Object

Loan

jControl the climate for the collection in a

specific building to minimize risk

The Collection is the Client


Examples of damage from low temperature and not a result of RH20th c. musical instrument 20th c. American abstract, oil with cracked varnish on wood and acrylic on canvas


RH effects: All of the cracks originated in the gesso layer and are perpendicular to the grain of the wood. The environmental ranges in RH had to have exceeded 70%to 20%for this damage to occur. The wood is acting as a restraint to the gesso layer.

Gentile da Fabriano, Marchigian, c. 1370-1427, M d d Child E th d T

Fra Lippo Lippi and workshop, Florentine, c. 1406-6 Th N ti it b bl il d t Madonna and Child Enthroned, c 1420, Tempera on

panel, 37 11/16 in. x 22 ¼ in. (95.7 x 56.5 cm), Samuel H. Kress Collection, 1939.1.255. National Gallery of Art.

1469, The Nativity, probably c 1445, oil and tempera (?) on panel, 9 1/8 in. x 21 ¾ in. (23.2 x 55.3 cm), Samuel H. Kress Collection, 1939.1.279. National Gallery of Art.


ASHRAEASHRAE

• Since 1999 there has been a dedicated chapter for museums in the Applications in the Applications Handbook

• Most downloaded i di id ll individually purchased chapter


Climate control & HVAC Set Points:Climate control & HVAC Set Points:

Ideal was / is considered 70 ± 4°F; 50% ± 5% RHD i i f l di i b i bl Driving force - loan conditions – to be sustainable we have to change this paradigm

ASHRAE Guidelines allowASHRAE Guidelines allow Temp between 59°F and 77°F 50%RH (or historic annual average for permanent

collections) with greater range permissiblecollections) with greater range permissible

Exceptions, usually involves micro-climate Metals, Archives, high risk objects


Of interest:

• The Ideal Climate, Risk Management, the ASHRAE Chapter, Proofed Fluctuations, and Toward a Full Risk Analysis Modelb S f Mi h l kiby Stefan MichalskiContribution to the Experts’ Roundtable on Sustainable Climate Management Strategies, held in April 2007, in Tenerife, Spain http://www getty edu/conservation/our projects/science/clihttp://www.getty.edu/conservation/our_projects/science/climate/climate_experts_roundtable.html

• Preserving Legacy Buildingsby Marion F. Mecklenburg, Ph.D; Charles S. Tumosa, Ph.D; and Alan Prideby Marion F. Mecklenburg, Ph.D; Charles S. Tumosa, Ph.D; and Alan PrideASHRAE Journal, Supplemental, June 2004

• Ventilation for Museumsby Tim Gasper, P.E., Member ASHRAEASHRAE J l l 8 A t ASHRAE Journal, vol. 54, no 8. August 2012


Climate Dialogues1. Started with Environmental Control▫ Conservation educating engineers and facility

managers why need strict controlmanagers why need strict control

2. Climate Change, Energy Costs, Sustainabilityi ki h▫ Success Requires working together

▫ Agreed upon Goals


Inter-disciplinaryInter disciplinary

Involves many players and professions

Integrated teamInvolves many players and professions• Museum administrators, Collection managers,

Curators, Conservators, Designers• Engineers, Architects, Owners and Contractors• Security • Facility managers maintain systems & building• Facility managers – maintain systems & building• Conservation scientists – integrate research on

materials, deterioration, etc.Must include All Stakeholders


Climate Dialogue• Primary goal is PRESERVATION of collections

• Identify key stake holdersIdentify key stake holders

• Fundamentally agree on goal▫ Reducing energy▫ Reducing energy▫ Saving money

Communication across professions look to their • Communication across professions, look to their professional organizations


NGA’s Strategic Sustainability Performance Plan

• Developed in 2010• Included all divisions in the development• Recognized many accomplishments • Recognized many accomplishments • Identified nearly 300 ECMs• Goal 20% reduction in energy use and GHG gy

emissions by 2020 using 2008 as baseline year• End of FY 2013, better than 2020 Goal.


Sustainability Energy Reduction WhileSustainability, Energy Reduction While Protecting Collections

• Think outside the box

k i h• Work with integrated team

• Take Controlled Take Controlled Risks to verifystrategies


National Gallery of ArtNational Gallery of ArtAir Optimization Program


TYPICAL WEST BUILDING AIR WASHER SYSTEM

VFD70°F / 50% RH(54.7 gr/#)

50°F / 95% RH(50.93gr/#)

95°F db / 75°F db(99.0 gr/#)

VFD(99.0 gr/#)


EXISTING CONTROLS

• Fan & By-Pass Sequence Overriden • Economizer Cycle Disabled • Air Washer Leaving Air Temperature Set-Point Air Washer Leaving Air Temperature Set-PointManually Adjusted to achieve Average Space RH Set- Point • Zone Temperature Automatically Controlled top yachieve Average Space Set-Point


GALLERY AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS PERFORMANCE AND ENERGY OPTIMIZATION INITIATIVE

TYPICAL AIR WASHER TYPICAL SPRAY PUMP AND VFD INSTALLATION

TYPICAL GALLERY AIR DISTRIBUTION

TYPICAL AIR FLOW STATION INSTALLATION


UTILITY COSTS Used in Study y

Utility Costs (cont’d) $0 22 / Ton Hour Average Chilled Water• $0.22 / Ton-Hour Average Chilled Water

Cost • $0.11 / kWh Average Electric Cost

• $38.90 / 106 BTU Steam Cost • 17 Hours / Day – Unoccupied 17 Hours / Day Unoccupied • 7 Hours / Day – Occupied


GALLERY AC SYSTEMS “AS FOUND” CONDITION

VFD70°F / 50% RH

VFD(54.7 gr/#)

50°F / 95% RH(50.93gr/#)

VFD

95°F db / 75°F db(99.0 gr/#)

O A O A G COSTOTAL OPERATING COST$8,500,000


THERMAL TRANSMISSION

SOURCES OF HEAT AND MOISTURE TRANSMISSION

INTERNAL SENSIBLE HEAT

INTERNAL SENSIBLE & LATENT HEAT

MOISTURE TRANSMISSION



OCCUPIED COOLING LOAD

60%178,914 BTU/HR

60%OF TOTAL

LOAD


GALLERY AC SYSTEMSRE-INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SEQUENCE MODIFICATION

NEW AIR FLOW STATIONS

NEW PUMP VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE NEW HEADER PRESSURE CONTROL

NEW INSTRUMENTATION NEW CONTROL SEQUENCE MODIFICATION

• SUPPLY FAN AIR FLOW STATION

• RETURN FAN AIR FLOW STATION

• SPRAY PUMP VARIABLE FEQUENCY DRIVE

• SUPPLY FAN AIR FLOW SET TO MAINTAIN DESIGN CFM

• RETURN FAN AIR FLOW SET TO MAINTAIN DESIGN CFM

• SPRAY PUMP VARIABLE FEQUENCY DRIVE CONTROLLED FROM HEADER PRESSURE SENSOR

• SPRAY HEADER PRESSURE CONTROL• SPRAY HEADER PRESSURE CONTROL MAINTAINS A HEADER

PRESSURE EQUIVILENT TO DESIGN GPM

• RE-IMPLEMENT DISCHARGE AIR RESET FOR HUMIDITY CONTROL


GALLERY “RE-BALANCED” CONDITION AFTER RE-INTRUMENTATION AND LOAD CALCULATIONS

VFD70°F / 50% RH(54 7 gr/#)(54.7 gr/#)

50°F / 95% RH(50.93gr/#)

VFD

95°F db / 75°F wb(99.0 gr/#)

O A O A G COSTOTAL OPERATING COST$6,700,000 TAB SAVINGS

$1,800,000




INTERNAL SENSIBLE & LATENT HEATINTERNAL SENSIBLE & LATENT HEAT


Z f F ll E t bli h d T b l t Fl b H i Di tZone of Fully Established Turbulent Flow by Horiz. Distance

Vx = (K)(CFM) (T)(√Ao) Where: Vx = Terminal VelocityyK = Air Outlet Proportionality Constant T = Throw Ao = Outlet Effective Area (sf)

50 FPM < Vx < 75 FPM are acceptable within the occupied zone Using Data from Nov. 2007 NGA TAB Report for Gallery M-47, Outlet No. 14:

Given: T= 32 Feet, Ao= 1.3 sf, K= 4.90, Vx= 62.5 FPM (average of 50 & 75) Solving for CFM: (T)(Ao)(Vx) / (K) = CFM; CFM = 465 Solving for Outlet Core Velocity: FPM = (CFM) / (Ao) = 358g y ( ) ( )

Using WAC No. 16 Final Supply Air of 11,272 CFM & Air Outlet No. 14 Final Supply Air of 573 CFM:

Minimum Supply: (465 CFM)(11,272 CFM) / (573 CFM) = 9,147 CFM Allow for 4% Duct Leakage: (1.04)(9,147 CFM) = 9,513 CFMg ( )( , ) ,


UNOCCUPIED FAN AND PUMP SPEED STRATEGY

WAC No. 16 Model • Automatic 2-Position Fan Speed Control • Automatic 2-Position Spray Pump Speed Control Automatic 2-Position Spray Pump Speed Control


GALLERY AC “RE-BALANCED” WITH OCCUPIED & UNOCCUPIED FAN AND PUMP SPEEDS

VFD70°F / 50% RH(54 7 gr/#)(54.7 gr/#)

50°F / 95% RH(50.93gr/#)

VFD

95°F db / 75°F wb(99.0 gr/#)


$1,800,000 UNOCC SAVINGS

$590,000


27

UNOCCUPIED BYPASS STRATEGY

Reimplementation of Air Washer By-Pass

• Control By-Pass to maintain Unoccupied SAT Set-Point


GALLERY AC“RE-BALANCED” WITH OCCUPIED & UNOCCUPIED FAN AND PUMP SPEEDS & UNOCCUPIED BYPASS

VFD70°F / 50% RH

50% Return50% Bypass

VFD(54.7 gr/#)

50°F / 95% RH(50.93gr/#)

BYPASS SAVINGS$650,000

VFD

95°F db / 75°F wb(99.0 gr/#)


$1,800,000 UNOCC SAVINGS

$590,000


GALLERY AC WITH COMPARITIVE ENTHALPY ECONOMIZER CYCLE

VFD70°F / 50% RH(54 7 gr/#)

Modulating Dampers C ll d


(54.7 gr/#)

50°F / 95% RH(50.93gr/#)

ControlledFrom Air Washer

Discharge Temperature

VFD

95°F db / 75°F db(99.0 gr/#)

ECONO SAVINGS$245,000

TAB SAVINGS$1,831,000

UNOCC SAVINGS$589,000 TOTAL OPERATING COST

$5,200,000


TOTAL GALLERY SAVINGS



UNOCCUPIED SAVINGS$589,000

ECONOMIZER SAVINGS$245,000

TOTAL GALLERY WIDE SAVINGS$3,310,000


CONTINUOUS COMMISSIONINGCONTINUOUS COMMISSIONING


THERMAL TRANSMISSION


INTRODUCTION OF LED LIGHTING IN GALLERYSINTRODUCTION OF LED LIGHTING IN GALLERYS



MOISTURE TRANSMISSION



GALLERY AC WITH GALLERY LED RETROFIT

VFD70°F / 50% RH(54 7 gr/#)

Modulating Dampers C ll d


LED SAVINGS (54.7 gr/#)

50°F / 95% RH(50.93gr/#)

ControlledFrom Air Washer

Discharge Temperature

LED SAVINGS$710,000

VFD

95°F db / 75°F db(99.0 gr/#)

ECONO SAVINGS$245,000


UNOCC SAVINGS$589,000 ESTIMATED TOTAL OPERATING COST

$4,500,000


ADDITIONAL ENERGY SAVING STRATEGIES

• “ROLLING OUTAGES” 4 HOURS/NIGHT/UNIT • COMPACT FLORESCENT LIGHTING IN SUPPORT SPACES • INTRODUCTION OF LED LIGHTING IN GALLERY AND SUPPORT SPACES • RE-PIPING OF AIR WASHER DRAINS FOR CLEANING SAVING 2.6 MILLION GALLONS OF WATER/YEAR • DEMAND ORIENTED (TEMP/HUMID) SET BACK CONTROL • ENERGY EFFICIENT GLASS ON NEW CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS • CO2 SENSORS FOR VENTILATION CONTROL • CONTINUOUS COMMISSIONING


Long Range Sustainability Efforts COST AVOIDANCE

$1,200,000 Sustainability Efforts


Biggest Savings: ENERGY• Since 2009, we have saved a cumulative total of

$6,400,000 in electricity, steam and chilled waterwater

• Projected annual cost savings: $3,300,000


Retro-Commissioning Savings – Chilled Water

$2,500,000 12,000,000

Chilled Water, tons refrigeration

$2,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

on

$1,000,000

$1,500,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

US

D $

hou

rs r

efri

gera

tio

$500,000 2,000,000

4,000,000 ton

$--FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013

Ton·hrs Used 2020 Goal Total CHW Cost


Retro-Commissioning Savings – Steam et o Co ss o g Sav gs Stea

4,000,000

90 000

100,000

Steam Use, klbs

2 500 000

3,000,000

3,500,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

US

D $

klb

s S

team

500,000

1,000,000

10,000

20,000

30,000

--FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013

klbs Steam 2020 Goal Cost


Retro-Commissioning Savings – Electricity et o Co ss o g Sav gs lect c ty

$3,500,000

23,000,000

24,000,000

Electricity, kWh

$2,500,000

$3,000,000

21,000,000

22,000,000

$1,500,000

$2,000,000

8

19,000,000

20,000,000

US

D $

kWh

use

d

$500,000

$1,000,000

16,000,000

17,000,000

18,000,000

$-15,000,000 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013

kWh used 2020 Goal COST


Energy Use in MM Btus

300,000

350,000

Energy Use at NGA in MM Btus

200 000

250,000

150,000

200,000

50,000

100,000

-FY-2008 FY-2009 FY-2010 FY-2011 FY-2012 FY-2013

Electricity Steam Chilled Water FY-2020 Goal


Greenhouse Gas Emissions

30,000

Greenhouse Gas Emissions MT CO2e

20,000

25,000

10,000

15,000

5,000

-FY-2008 FY-2009 FY-2010 FY-2011 FY-2012 FY-2013

Electricity Steam Chilled Water FY-2020 Goal


ConclusionsConclusions

• Inter-disciplinary • Climate Control is Specific• Inter-disciplinary TEAM

• Learn each others l

• Climate Control is Specific• COMMON GOAL with

respect to climate controlslanguage

• Protect the collection • Think outside the box• Manage Risk

It is about Education and Trust!


Thank you for your Attention

Dave Matthews, CEMEnergy ManagerD matthe s@nga go

Cecily Grzywacz, CEMFacilities ScientistC gr ac @nga [email protected]

[email protected]

Protecting Collections and S i E t th Saving Energy at the National Gallery … · 2013. 9. 18. ·...

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