propsal kwu

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Business

Plan

Iqbal RE

PEMILIK

Nama : Muhammad Iqbal Pangestu

Alamat : Jalan Kaliurang KM 13Telepon : 082348311996

Fax :-

EMail : [email protected]


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I. Daftar Isi

I. Daftar Isi .................................................................................................................. 3

II. Ringkasan Eksekutif ............................................................................................... 4

III. Gambaran Umum Perusahaan ............................................................................. 5

IV. Produk dan Jasa....................................................................................................... 6

V. Rencana Pemasaran ................................................................................................ 7

VI. Rencana Operasional ............................................................................................. 16

VII.Manajemen dan Struktur Organisasi ................................................................... 21

VIII.Rincian Biaya dan Modal ....................................................................................... 23

IX. Rencana Keuangan .................................................................................................. 24


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II. Ringkasan EksekutifTerlampir

III. Gambaran Umum Bisnis

Bisnis yang saya lakukan adalah bisnis jualan barang-barang bekas yang ada dan masihlayak digunakan untuk kehidupan sehari-hari seperti pakaian, sepatu, tas, buku, dan

lain-lain.

VISI : Menciptakan sumber dana pribadi

MISI : Meningkatkan wawasan / pengalaman mengenai KWU

TUJUAN : Ingin lebih bisa menjadi seorang enterpreuneur yang handal , inovatif dan

kreatif

Produk yang saya jual dipasarkan pada banyak kalangan seperti kalangan

mahasiswa dan masyarakat dekat daerah kampus

Usaha ini saya lakukan secara mandiri dan usaha ini sedang bertumbuh untuk

jangka panjang karena bisa flexibel menyesuaikan dengan kegiatan yang ada.

KEKUATAN dari usaha saya ini adalah dengan modal yang cukup minim atau bahkan

tidak ada modal saya bisa menghasilkan dana yang cukup banyak karena barang-barang bekas yang dijual itu sukarela dikasih oleh temen,sahabat dan lain-lain.

KOMPETENSI UTAMA , Dengan membersihkan dan memperbaiki barang bekas

tersebut menjadi seperti baru dapat menghasilkan dana yang cukup banyak . Dan jika

dari KOMPETITIF masih kurang / jarang ada yang seperti ini sehingga ada

kesempatan yang bisa diambil untuk membuka sedikit pintu SUKSES


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IV. PRODUK DAN JASA

Produk yang saya jual merupakan barang bekas seperti baju bekas, sepatu bekas, tas

bekas, buku yang sudah tidak dipakai pemiliknya , dan untuk saat ini baru ini aja

produk yang saya akan jualkan , dengan jalannya waktu semoga semakin banyak

produk yang saya akan jual.

Ada faktor yang menyebabkan produk yang saya jualkan itu dapat bersaing karena

barang bekasnya saya modifikasi, perbaiki, bersihkan sehingga tampak produk yangbaru dan itu sekiranya dapat bersaing dengan produk lain karena harganya yang

dibawah harga pasar. Kelemahannya yaitu tidak setiap saat saya dapat mendapatkan

barang bekas tersebut , butuh waktu untuk mencari dan mendapatkannya baik dari

tetangga, teman, dan lain-lain.

Harga yang saya tetapkan tergantung dari kondisi barang bekas yang telah saya

recovery/perbaiki , jika kondisinya cukup menyamai dengan yang baru dapat

ditetapkan harganya 90% dari harga pasar barang tersebut. Struktut harga yang saya

buat adalah menyesuaikan dengan barang bekas yang akan dijual , seperti contoh jaket

bekas yang sudah tidak terpakai itu dibersihkan maka harganya cukup tinggi karena

sudah tampak seperti baru.


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Lakukan RisetPemasaran-Mengapa?

V. RENCANA PEMASARAN

Tidak peduli sebaik apa pun produk ataupun jasa yang Anda hasilkan, penjualan tidak

akan sukses tanpa adanya pemasaran yang efektif. Pemasaran yang saya lakukan adalah

dengan melalui media sosial , brosur, atau langsung terjun kelapangan(menjual

langsung dipasar)

Riset Pemasaran Bagaimana caranya?

Riset yang saya gunakan yaitu dengan data primer berarti bahwa melakukan

pengumpulan data sendiri, dengan melihat angka penjualan pada usaha yang sejenis

dengan bisnis yang ada , konsumennya dari berbagai kalangan baik kalangan bawah ,

tengah maupun atas .

Dalam rencana pemasaran, saya masih kurang mengetahui secara pasti karena masih

kurangnya wawasan/ gambaran tentang data angka statistik tersebut dan juga riset

yang saya gunakan adalah data primer. .

Ekonomi

Fakta mengenai bisnis yang akan Anda jalankan:

Berapa besar pasar bisnis yang Anda masuki?

Pasar yang saya masuki adalah cukup besar karena dari berbagai kalangan seperti

mahasiswa dan masyarakat disekitaran daerah/


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Berapa % pangsa pasar yang Anda targetkan? % pasar pasar yang saya targetkan

adalah 75%

Bagaimana tingkat permintaan konsumen Anda saat ini? Untuk permintaan konsumen masih

belum ada karena saya memlih untuk menggunakan metode promosi untuk memperjualkan

barang bekas.

Bagaimana trend di dalam target pasar Anda? Baik tingkat pertumbuhan trend, preferensi

trend, dan trend dalam pengembangan produk. Trendnya cukup bagus karena produknyamerupakan hasil recovery dan masih cukup bagus untuk diperjualkan

Bagaimana potensi bisnis Anda dapat tumbuh dan peluangnya? aya yakin potensi bisnis sayadapat tumbuh cukup besar dan peluangnya juga cukup besar karena konsumen dapat berada

dikalangan apa saja.

Apakah hambatan yang Anda hadapi ketika masuk dalam pasar yang telah ada

sekarang ini? !ontoh beberapa hambatan adalah"Beberapa hambatannya adalahuntuk mendapatkan produk setiap saat , dan juga belum ada tempat khusus untuk

jualan jadi masih menggunakan media sosial sebagai perantara.

o Consumer acceptance and brand recognition

#an tentunya bagaimana cara Anda untuk meghadapi hambatan tersebut? !ara menghadapi

hambatan tersebut adalah dengan secara rajin datang kekos $ tempa temen untuk memintai barangyang tidak ia gunakan lagi.

%al manakah dari berikut ini yang dapat mempengaruhi terhadap bisnis Anda?

o Change in technology


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Produk

Dalam bagian Produk ini Anda harus menggambarkan produk dan jasa yang Andatawarkan. Dan gunakan sudut pandang konsumen Anda. Jika dilihat dari sudut

pandang konsumenn produk yang akan saya jual cukup berpotensi untuk dibeli karena

harganya dibawah harga standar pasar barang tersebut dengan kualitas yang cukup

sama dengan yang baru.

Features and Benefits

List all of your major products or services.

For each product or service:

Describe the most important features. What is special about it?

Describe the benefits. That is, what will the product do for the customer?

Note the difference between features and benefits, and think about them. For example,

a house that gives shelter and lasts a long time is made with certain materials and to a

certain design; those are its features. Its benefits include pride of ownership, financial

security, providing for the family, and inclusion in a neighborhood. You build features

into your product so that you can sell the benefits.

What aftersale services will you give? Some examples are delivery, warranty, service

contracts, support, followup, and refund policy.

ustomersIdentify your targeted customers, their characteristics, and their geographic locations,

otherwise known as their demographics.

The description will be completely different depending on whether you plan to sell to

other businesses or directly to consumers. If you sell a consumer product, but sell it

through a channel of distributors, wholesalers, and retailers, you must carefully analyze

both the end consumer and the middleman businesses to which you sell.

You may have more than one customer group. Identify the most important groups.

Then, for each customer group, construct what is called a demographic profile:

Age

Gender


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Location


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Income level

Social class and occupation

Education

Other (specific to your industry)


For business customers, the demographic factors might be:

Industry (or portion of an industry)

Location

Size of firm

Quality, technology, and price preferences



ompetitionWhat products and companies will compete with you?

List your major competitors:

(Names and addresses)

Will they compete with you across the board, or just for certain products, certain

customers, or in certain locations?

Will you have important indirect competitors? (For example, video rental storescompete with theaters, although they are different types of businesses.)

How will your products or services compare with the competition?

Use the Competitive Analysis table below to compare your company with your two

most important competitors. In the first column are key competitive factors. Since these

vary from one industry to another, you may want to customize the list of factors.


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In the column labeledMe, state how you honestly think you will stack up in customers

minds. Then check whether you think this factor will be a strength or a weakness for

you. Sometimes it is hard to analyze our own weaknesses. Try to be very honest here.Better yet, get some disinterested strangers to assess you. This can be a real eyeopener.

And remember that you cannot be all things to all people. In fact, trying to be causes

many business failures because efforts become scattered and diluted. You want an

honest assessment of your firms strong and weak points.

Now analyze each major competitor. In a few words, state how you think they compare.

In the final column, estimate the importance of each competitive factor to the customer.

1 = critical; 5 = not very important.

Table 1: Competitive Analysis

Factor Me Strength Weakness Competitor A Competitor BImportance to

Customer

Products

Price

Quality

Selection

Service

Reliability

Stability

Expertise

Company

Reputation

Location

Appearance


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Factor Me Strength Weakness Competitor A Competitor BImportance to

Customer

Sales Method

Credit Policies

Advertising

Image

Now, write a short paragraph stating your competitive advantages and disadvantages.

!ic"e

Now that you have systematically analyzed your industry, your product, your

customers, and the competition, you should have a clear picture of where your

company fits into the world.

In one short paragraph, define your niche, your unique corner of the market.

#trategyNow outline a marketing strategy that is consistent with your niche.

Promotion

How will you get the word out to customers?

Advertising: What media, why, and how often? Why this mix and not some other?

Have you identified lowcost methods to get the most out of your promotional budget?

Will you use methods other than paid advertising, such as trade shows, catalogs, dealer

incentives, word of mouth (how will you stimulate it?), and network of friends or

professionals?

What image do you want to project? How do you want customers to see you?


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In addition to advertising, what plans do you have for graphic image support? This

includes things like logo design, cards and letterhead, brochures, signage, and interior

design (if customers come to your place of business).

Should you have a system to identify repeat customers and then systematically contact

them?

Promotional Budget

How much will you spend on the items listed above?

Before startup? (These numbers will go into your startup budget.)

Ongoing? (These numbers will go into your operating plan budget.)

Pricing

Explain your method or methods of setting prices. For most small businesses, having

the lowest price is not a good policy. It robs you of needed profit margin; customers

may not care as much about price as you think; and large competitors can under price

you anyway. Usually you will do better to have average prices and compete on quality

and service.

Does your pricing strategy fit with what was revealed in your competitive analysis?

Compare your prices with those of the competition. Are they higher, lower, the same?

Why?

How important is price as a competitive factor? Do your intended customers really

make their purchase decisions mostly on price?

What will be your customer service and credit policies?

Proposed Location

Probably you do not have a precise location picked out yet. This is the time to think

about what you want and need in a location. Many startups run successfully from home

for a while.

You will describe your physical needs later, in theOperational Plansection. Here,

analyze your location criteria as they will affect your customers.


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Is your location important to your customers? If yes, how?

If customers come to your place of business:

Is it convenient? Parking? Interior spaces? Not out of the way?

Is it consistent with your image?

Is it what customers want and expect?

Where is the competition located? Is it better for you to be near them (like car dealers or

fast food restaurants) or distant (like convenience food stores)?

Distribution Channels

How do you sell your products or services?

Retail

Direct (mail order, Web, catalog)

Wholesale

Your own sales force

Agents

Independent representatives

Bid on contracts

#ales $orecast

Now that you have described your products, services, customers, markets, and

marketing plans in detail, its time to attach some numbers to your plan. Use asales

forecast spreadsheettoprepare a monthbymonth projection. The forecastshould be based on your historical sales, the marketing strategies that youhave just described, your market research, and industry data, if available.

You may want to do two forecasts: 1 a !best guess!, which is what youreally e"pect, and # a !worst case! low estimate that you are con$dent youcan reach no matter what happens.
http://www.score.org/sites/default/files/Sales_Forecast_1yr_0.xlshttp://www.score.org/sites/default/files/Sales_Forecast_1yr_0.xlshttp://www.score.org/sites/default/files/Sales_Forecast_1yr_0.xlshttp://www.score.org/sites/default/files/Sales_Forecast_1yr_0.xls


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%age 1& of '1

(emember to keep notes on your research and your assumptions as youbuild this sales forecast and all subse)uent spreadsheets in the plan. This iscritical if you are going to present it to funding sources.


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+,. -perational %lan

"plain the daily operation of the business, its location, e)uipment, people,processes, and surrounding environment.

%roduction

/ow and where are your products or services

produced0 "plain your methods of:

%roduction techni)ues and costs

2uality control

3ustomer service

nventory control

%roduct development

4ocation

5hat )ualities do you need in a location0 6escribe the type of location

you7ll have. %hysical re)uirements:

8mount of space

Type of building

9oning

%ower and other utilities

8ccess:

s it important that your location be convenient to transportation or to

suppliers0 6o you need easy walkin access0

5hat are your re)uirements for parking and pro"imity to freeway, airports,railroads, and shipping centers0


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%age 1 of '1

nclude a drawing or layout of your proposed facility if it is important, as itmight be for a manufacturer.

3onstruction0 ;ost new companies should not sink capital into construction,but if you are planning to build, costs and speci$cations will be a big part of

your plan.

3ost: stimate your occupation e"penses, including rent, but alsoincluding maintenance, utilities, insurance, and initial remodeling costs tomake the space suit your needs. These numbers will become part of your$nancial plan.

5hat will be your business hours0

4egal nvironment6escribe the following:

4icensing and bonding re)uirements

%ermits

/ealth, workplace, or environmental regulations


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%age 1@ of '1

5ho does which tasks0

6o you have schedules and written procedures prepared0

/ave you drafted job descriptions for employees0 f not, take time towrite some.

They really help internal communications with employees.

Aor certain functions, will you use contract workers in addition toemployees0

nventory

5hat kind of inventory will you keep: raw materials, supplies, $nishedgoods0

8verage value in stock =i.e., what is your inventory investment0

(ate of turnover and how this compares to the industry averages0


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%age 1C of '1

6o you really need to sell on credit0 s it customary in yourindustry and e"pected by your clientele0

f yes, what policies will you have about who gets credit and how much0

/ow will you check the creditworthiness of new applicants0

5hat terms will you o?er your customersD that is, how much creditand when is payment due0

5ill you o?er prompt payment discounts0 =/int: 6o this only if it isusual and customary in your industry.

6o you know what it will cost you to e"tend credit0 /ave you built the

costs into your prices0

;anaging Your 8ccounts (eceivable

f you do e"tend credit, you should do an aging at least monthly to trackhow much of your money is tied up in credit given to customers and to alertyou to slow payment problems. 8 receivables aging looks like the followingtable:

Total Current 30 Days 60 Days 90 Days Over 90 Days

AccountsReceivable Aging

You will need a policy for dealing with slowpaying customers:

When do you make a phone call?

When do you send a letter?

When do you get your attorney to threaten?


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Total Current 30 Days 60 Days 90 Days Over 90 Days

Accounts PayableAging

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Managing Your Accounts Payable

You should also age your accounts payable, what you owe to your suppliers. This helpsyou plan whom to pay and when. Paying too early depletes your cash, but paying late

can cost you valuable discounts and can damage your credit. (Hint: If you know you

will be late making a payment, call the creditor before the due date.)

Do your proposed vendors offer prompt payment discounts?

A payables aging looks like the following table.


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VII.Management and Organization

Who will manage the business on a daytoday basis? What experience does that person

bring to the business? What special or distinctive competencies? Is there a plan for

continuation of the business if this person is lost or incapacitated?

If youll have more than 10 employees, create an organizational chart showing the

management hierarchy and who is responsible for key functions.

Include position descriptions for key employees. If you are seeking loans or investors,

include resumes of owners and key employees.

Pro%essional and &d'isory #upportList the following:

Board of directors

Management advisory board

Attorney

Accountant

Insurance agent

Banker

Consultant or consultants

Mentors and key advisors


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VIII. Personal Financial Statement

Includepersonal $nancial statements foreach owner and major stockholder,showing assets and liabilities held outside the business and personal networth. -wners will often have to draw on personal assets to $nance thebusiness, and these statements will show what is available. Eankers andinvestors usually want this information as well.
http://www.score.org/sites/default/files/Personal_Financial_Statement_1_1.xlshttp://www.score.org/sites/default/files/Personal_Financial_Statement_1_1.xlshttp://www.score.org/sites/default/files/Personal_Financial_Statement_1_1.xls


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%age #' of '1

F.


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%age #M of '1

F. Ainancial %lan

The $nancial plan consists of a 1#month pro$t and loss projection, a fouryear pro$t and loss projection =optional, a cashBow projection, aprojected balance sheet, and a breakeven calculation. Together theyconstitute a reasonable estimate of your companyNs $nancial future. ;oreimportant, the process of thinking through the $nancial plan will improveyour insight into the inner $nancial workings of your company.

1#O;onth %ro$t and 4oss %rojection

;any business owners think of the 1#month pro$t and loss projection asthe centerpiece of their plan. This is where you put it all together innumbers and get an idea of what it will take to make a pro$t and be

successful.Your sales projections will come from a sales forecast in which you forecastsales, cost of goods sold, e"penses, and pro$t monthbymonth for one year.

%ro$t projections should be accompanied by a narrative e"plainingthe major assumptions used to estimate company income ande"penses.

(esearch >otes: Peep careful notes on your research and assumptions, sothat you can e"plain them later if necessary, and also so that you can goback to your sources when it7s time to revise your plan.

ThreeOYear %ro$t %rojection =-ptional

The 1#month projection is the heart of your $nancial plan.The Three-

Year Profit projectionis for those who want to carry their forecastsbeyond the $rst year.

-f course, keep notes of your key assumptions, especially about things that

you e"pect will change dramatically after the $rst year.

%rojected 3ash Alow

f the pro$t projection is the heart of your business plan, cash Bow is theblood. Eusinesses fail because they cannot pay their bills. very part ofyour business plan is important, but none of it means a thing if you run outof cash.

The point of this worksheet is to plan how much you need before startup,for preliminary e"penses, operating e"penses, and reserves. You shouldkeep updating it and using it afterward. t will enable you to foreseeshortages in time to do something
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%age #& of '1

about themQperhaps cut e"penses, or perhaps negotiate a loan. Eutforemost, you shouldn7t be taken by surprise.

There is no great trick to preparing it: The cashBow projection isjust aforward look at your checking account.

Aor each item, determine when you actually e"pect to receive cash =forsales or when you will actually have to write a check =for e"pense items.

You should track essential operating data, which is not necessarily part ofcash Bow but allows you to track items that have a heavy impact on cashBow, such as sales and inventory purchases.

You should also track cash outlays prior to opening in a prestartup

column. You should have already researched those for your startupe"penses plan.

Your cash Bow will show you whether your working capital is ade)uate.3learly, if your projected cash balance ever goes negative, you will needmore startup capital. This plan will also predict just when and how muchyou will need to borrow.

"plain your major assumptions, especially those that make the cash Bowdi?er from the %ro$t and 4oss %rojection. Aor e"ample, if you make a salein month one, when do you actually collect the cash0 5hen you buy

inventory or materials, do you pay in advance, upon delivery, or muchlater0 /ow will this a?ect cash Bow0

8re some e"penses payable in advance0 5hen0

8re there irregular e"penses, such as )uarterly ta" payments, maintenance

and repairs, or seasonal inventory buildup, that should be budgeted0

4oan payments, e)uipment purchases, and ownerNs draws usually do notshow on pro$t and loss statements but de$nitely do take cash out. Eesure to include them.

8nd of course, depreciation does not appear in the cash Bow at all becauseyou never write a check for it.

-pening 6ay Ealance


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%age #* of '1

held by the company =assets, and what its debts are =liabilities. 5henliabilities are subtracted from assets, the remainder is owners7 e)uity.

Rse a startup e"penses and capitaliGation spreadsheet as a guide topreparing a balance sheet as of opening day. Then detail how you calculatedthe account balances on your opening day balance sheet.

-ptional:


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%age # of '1

F. 8ppendices

nclude details and studies used in your business planD for e"ample:

Erochures and advertising materials

ndustry studies

Elueprints and plans

;aps and photos of location

;agaGine or other articles

6etailed lists of e)uipment owned or to be purchased

3opies of leases and contracts

4etters of support from future customers

8ny other materials needed to support the assumptions in this plan

;arket research studies

4ist of assets available as collateral for a loan


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%age #@ of '1

F,,. (e$ning the %lan

The generic business plan presented above should be modi$ed to suit yourspeci$c type of business and the audience for which the plan is written.

Aor (aising 3apital

Aor Eankers

Eankers want assurance of orderly repayment. f you intend usingthis plan to present to lenders, include:

o 8mount of loan

o /ow the funds will be used

o 5hat this will accomplishQhow will it make the businessstronger0

o (e)uested repayment terms =number of years to repay. You willprobably not have much negotiating room on interest rate butmay be able to negotiate a longer repayment term, which willhelp cash Bow.

o 3ollateral o?ered, and a list of all e"isting liens against collateral

Aor nvestors

nvestors have a di?erent perspective. They are looking for dramatic

growth, and they e"pect to share in the rewards:

o Aunds needed shortterm

o Aunds needed in two to $ve years

o /ow the company will use the funds, and what this willaccomplish for growth.

o stimated return on investment

o "it strategy for investors =buyback, sale, or %-

o %ercent of ownership that you will give up to investors


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%age #C of '1

o ;ilestones or conditions that you will accept

o Ainancial reporting to be provided

o nvolvement of investors on the board or in management

Aor Type of Eusiness

;anufacturing

%lanned production levels

8nticipated levels of direct production costs and indirect =overheadcostsQhow do these compare to industry averages =if available0

%rices per product line

Lross pro$t margin, overall and for each product line

%roductioncapacity limits of planned physical plant

%roductioncapacity limits of e)uipment

%urchasing and inventory management procedures

>ew products under development or anticipated to come online afterstartup


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%age 'K of '1

/ow will you measure labor productivity0

%ercent of work subcontracted to other $rms. 5ill you make a

pro$t on subcontracting0

3redit, payment, and collections policies and procedures


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%age '1 of '1

(etail Eusiness

3ompany image

%ricing:

o "plain markup policies.

o %rices should be pro$table, competitive, and in accordance withcompany image.

nventory:

o


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LAMPIRAN

Bisnis yang saya lakukan adalah bisnis jualan barang-barang bekas yang ada dan

masih layak digunakan untuk kehidupan sehari-hari seperti pakaian, sepatu, tas,

buku, dan lain-lain. Produk yang saya jual dipasarkan pada banyak kalangan

seperti kalangan mahasiswa dan masyarakat dekat daerah kampus

Usaha ini saya lakukan secara mandiri dan usaha ini sedang bertumbuh untukjangka panjang karena bisa flexibel menyesuaikan dengan kegiatan yang ada.

KEKUATAN dari usaha saya ini adalah dengan modal yang cukup minim atau bahkan

tidak ada modal saya bisa menghasilkan dana yang cukup banyak karena barang-

barang bekas yang dijual itu sukarela dikasih oleh temen,sahabat dan lain-lain.

KOMPETENSI UTAMA , Dengan membersihkan dan memperbaiki barang bekas

tersebut menjadi seperti baru dapat menghasilkan dana yang cukup banyak . Dan jika

dari KOMPETITIF masih kurang / jarang ada yang seperti ini sehingga ada

kesempatan yang bisa diambil untuk membuka sedikit pintu SUKSES

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