Proposed EnerPHit School · 7.196 3.147 3.194 7.196 7.196 7.196 1.510 7.535 3.145 6.016 w-33 w-32...

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7.196 3.147 3.194 7.196 7.196 7.196 1.510 7.535 3.145 6.016 W-33 W-32 Wa-NW-5 W-34 W-35 Wa-NE-6 W-25 W-31 W-30 W-29 W-28 W-24 W-26 W-27 Wa-SW-4 W-23 W-22 ND-01 Wa-SE-3 Wa-SW-2 SW - 013 W-48 W-49 Wa-NW-9 W-46 W-47 Wa-SW-8 W-06 W-07 ND-02 Wa-SE-11 W-05 W-04 W-03 W-02 W-01 Wa-NeE-10 Wa-SE-01 Wa-PL-02 Wa-PL-01 W-N-02 W-N-04 W-N-01 W-44 W-43 W-42 W-39 W-38 W-37 W-40 ND-03 Wa-NW-7 Wa-PL-02 Wa-PL-01 Plant A: 4.31 m 2 Corridor A: 43.31 m 2 N 7.706 2.065 25.130 2.065 7.706 44.671 6.656 10.410 17.067 6.656 10.410 17.067 6.861 30.910 6.901 44.671 2.664 5.136 7.801 6.331 1.510 W-41 Plant A: 4.21 m 2 Office A: 18.95 m 2 Classroom 1 A: 45.56 m 2 Male Toilets A: 22.20 m 2 Staff WC A: 6.09 m 2 Staff Room A: 18.97 m 2 Female Toilets A: 19.17 m 2 Dis WC A: 5.68 m 2 Lobby A: 12.81 m 2 Lobby A: 17.08 m 2 Classroom 2 A: 45.56 m 2 Classroom 3 A: 45.56 m 2 Classroom 4 A: 45.56 m 2 Play Area A: 275.76 m 2 3.268 0.892 0.583 2.026 6.770 7.256 29.710 7.256 3.277 0.883 0.574 2.036 6.770 1.148 1.537 0.892 0.585 0.604 2.039 4.162 2.643 2.505 0.963 3.468 2.368 0.625 1.400 0.778 1.397 1.043 3.255 0.842 2.660 6.748 4.160 0.583 2.026 6.792 N N N Postgraduate Diploma in Digital Analysis and Energy Retrofit ARCH 2181: ENERPHIT - Project 3 DIT BOLTON STREET DT774b - SESSION 2013-2014 Richard Callaghan Proposed EnerPHit School Existing roof tiles to be reused on new timber battons and sarking felt installed on new timber structure. Final Design Submission: ARCH2181 DT774b 2013-2014 Student Number: D11125988 Proposed 3D Images Proposed Plans and Elevations Typical Detail of Classroom Window: Lightshelf, Cill and Head S C A L E: 1:10 Typical Detail of Windows below Flat Roofs: Cill and Head S C A L E: 1:10 Typical Section A-A Through Classroom and Corridor S C A L E: 1:50 Typical Detail of Pitched Roof Eaves S C A L E: 1:10 Proposed 1:10 Details and 1:50 Section LTB Analysis of Proposed Junctions Midwinter Azimuth 13.5° Midsummer Azimuth 60.5° Selected Heat Exchange Unit Cool Exhaust Air and Pipework Cool Air Intake and Pipework Warm Supply Air Diffuser and Pipework Warm Air Extract and Pipework LTB02 Analysis of Pitched Roof Eaves S C A L E: 1:25 LTB07 Analysis of Flat Roof Abutment S C A L E: 1:25 LTB03 Analysis of Flat Roof Eaves S C A L E: 1:25 LTB04 Analysis of Window Head at Pitched Roof Eaves S C A L E: 1:25 LTB05 Analysis of Window Head at Flat Roof Eaves S C A L E: 1:25 LTB06 Analysis of Window Cill S C A L E: 1:25 LTB01 Analysis of Ground Abutment S C A L E: 1:25 Thermal bridge analysis was carried out on the some of the key junctions for the Enerphit School Project using the LBNL Therm software package. The heat loss values obtained from the software was used to calculate the Psi Values for the relevant junctions. These junctions include: Typical Flat Roof / Wall Abutment Detail S C A L E: 1:10 Typical Detail of Flat Roof Eaves S C A L E: 1:10 New Tegral proprietary over eaves ventilation spacer. New pressed metal square gutter with stiffiners and pressed metal angle support / cover. New stud wall and wallplate to suport new lower roof structure. stud to consist of 150mm x 50mm studs, 150mm PIR insulation between and 18mm OSB both sides. Webertherm XM external insulation system consisting of 200mm PIR insulation [thermal conductivity 0.025w/mK] mechanically fixed, meshcloth render reinforcement, render basecoat and topcoat with painted plain smooth finish. Patent plaster reveal formed from WeberRend system with meshcloth render reinforcement with painted plain smooth finish. Munster Joinery EcoClad 120+ thermally broken composite window frames. Triple glazed argon filled Haubler Solar Therm glazing. External light shelf / sun shade consisting of pressed aluminium powder coated integral 'cill' with stiffeners and steel SHS support frame. Internal light shelf / sun shade consisting of coated aluminium skin with shs metal support frame. Upper surface to be finished with high sheen anti- static coating Integral pressed aluminium powder coated cill with stiffeners and ridgin insulation backing. Munster Joinery EcoClad 120+ thermally broken composite window frames. Patent plaster reveal formed from WeberRend system continued below cill. Webertherm XM external insulation system consisting of 200mm PIR insulation, meshcloth render reinforcement, render basecoat and topcoat with painted smooth finish. New timber roof structure to new lower roof section. Existing timber roof joists to be retained and suppoerted on existing wallplate. 300mm in two layers of new Knauf Earthwool Loft Rool 40 quilt insulation [thermal conductivity 0.04W/mK] installed above existing ceiling. Existing timber ceiling joists to be retained shown dotted. Existing plasterboard ceiling to be retained. All existing holes for services to be sealed. New ex. 38mm x 100mm timber battens fixed to ceiling joists with 100mm Kingspan K3 phenolic insulation between [thermal conductivity 0.02W/mK] with 100mm Kingspan K18 phenolic insulation [thermal conductivity 0.02W/mK] backed plasterboard. New ex. 175mm x 175mm steel angle to suport existing concrete ringbeam and bolted to ringbeam at wall bearing location to engineers design and detail. Existing concrete ringbeam to be truncated at eaves to engineers design and detail. New chs section steel latice suport frame for light shelf fixed back to structure at head and cill. Bullnose aluminium capping piece to perimeter of light shelf. New hardwood timber cills with filleted corners fixed to structure and but jointed to new window frames. New Quinlite B5 aerated concrete blocks [thermal conductivity 0.12W/mK] in place of existing cills and soap bar ant to provide support for new windows. Existing cavity wall cosisting of 100mm blockwork inner and outer leaf, 75mm cavity, 25mm external render finish and 255mm scud coat and plaster skim inner finish. existing cavity to be pumped with Kingspan Ecobead Platinium cavity fill insulation [thermal conductivity 0.033W/mK] New stud wall to form parapet. Stud to consist of 150mm x 50mm studs, 150mm PIR insulation between and 18mm OSB both sides. Webertherm XM external insulation system consisting of 200mm PIR insulation [thermal conductivity 0.025w/mK] mechanically fixed, meshcloth render reinforcement, render basecoat and topcoat with painted plain smooth finish. Patent plaster reveal formed from WeberRend system with meshcloth render reinforcement with painted plain smooth finish. Munster Joinery EcoClad 120+ thermally broken composite window frames. Triple glazed argon filled Haubler Solar Therm glazing. Integral pressed aluminium powder coated cill with stiffeners and ridgin insulation backing. Munster Joinery EcoClad 120+ thermally broken composite window frames. Patent plaster reveal formed from WeberRend system continued below cill. Existing insitu concrete slab and downstand ringbeam to be truncated at eaves to engineers design and detail. Exiting asphalt roof finish to be retained. 75mm pir insulation to fill cavity above window head. Exiting 1 inch cork board and plaster skim finish to ceiling to be retained. New Kingspan Thermataper TT46 insulation [thermal conductivity 0.025W/mK] to be installed to existing flat roof. Minimum thickness 250mm.Vapour barrier to be installed above existing asphalt. Sika Trocal Type S single ply roof membrane roof finish. Insulation laid to a fall to gutters formed at perimeter with harmer outlets to RWPs. New pressed metal capping to parapet in proprietary fixing system supported by 18mm OSB deck fixed to parapet stud. Roof membrane and insulation dressed up parapet wall. Existing roof tiles to be reused on new timber battons and sarking felt installed on new timber structure to new lower roof. New Tegral proprietary over eaves ventilation spacer. New pressed metal square gutter with stiffiners and pressed metal angle support / cover. New stud wall and wallplate to suport new lower roof structure. stud to consist of 150mm x 50mm studs, 150mm PIR insulation between and 18mm OSB both sides. Webertherm XM external insulation system consisting of 200mm PIR insulation [thermal conductivity 0.025w/mK] mechanically fixed, meshcloth render reinforcement, render basecoat and topcoat with painted plain smooth finish. New timber roof structure to new lower roof section. Existing timber roof joists to be retained and suppoerted fon existing wallplate. 300mm in two layers of new Knauf Earthwool Loft Rool 40 quilt insulation [thermal conductivity 0.04W/mK] installed above existing ceiling. New ex. 38mm x 100mm timber battens @ 600mm c/c fixed to ceiling joists with 100mm Kingspan K3 phenolic insulation between [thermal conductivity 0.02W/mK] with 100mm Kingspan K18 phenolic insulation [thermal conductivity 0.02W/mK] backed plasterboard. Existing cavity wall consisting of 100mm blockwork inner and outer leaf, 75mm cavity, 25mm external render finish and 25mm scud coat and plaster skim inner finish. existing cavity to be pumped with Kingspan Ecobead Platinium cavity fill insulation [thermal conductivity 0.033W/mK] New stud wall to form parapet. Stud to consist of 150mm x 50mm studs, 150mm PIR insulation between and 18mm OSB both sides. Existing insitu concrete slab and downstand ringbeam to be truncated at eaves to engineers design and detail. Exiting asphalt roof finish to be retained. Exiting 1 inch cork board and plaster skim finish to ceiling to be retained. New Kingspan Thermataper TT46 insulation [thermal conductivity 0.025W/mK] to be installed to existing flat roof. Vapour barrier to be installed above existing asphalt. Minimum thickness 250mm. Sika Trocal Type S single ply roof membrane roof finish. Insulation laid to a fall to gutters formed at perimeter with harmer outlets to RWPs. New pressed metal cappinf to parapet in proprietary fixing system supported by 18mm OSB deck fixed to parapet stud. Roof membrane and insulation dressed up parapet wall. Webertherm XM external insulation system consisting of 200mm PIR insulation [thermal conductivity 0.025w/mK] mechanically fixed, meshcloth render reinforcement, render basecoat and topcoat with painted plain smooth finish. Render finish stopped minimum 150mm above roof surface. Pressed metal drip installed. Roof membrane and insulation dressed up wall. Typical Detail of External Wall to Ground Floor Junction S C A L E: 1:10 Webertherm XM Render finish stopped minimum 150mm above ground surface and drip formed. Webertherm XM Render with scraped finish painted dark colour to form plinth to perimeter of building. Existing mass concrete foundation and rising wall to be retained. Excavations surrounding existing building to be backfilled with well compacted pyrite free hardcore New 175mm Kingspan Styrozone H35 insulation [thermal conductivity 0.031W/mK] to be installed to both sides of rising walls. New solid floor to be installled throughout consisting of timber / tiled finish on isolating layer, 150mm concrete slab, 250 Kingspan K3 insulation [thermal conductivity 0.02W/mK], DPM / radon barrier on sand blinding on compacted hardcore. Minimum 50mm perimeter insulation. New DPC to be installed and chased into existing wall at level of existing DPC. 150mm thick Concrete footpath to perimeter of building (min width 1.5m) with 100mm Kingspan Styrozone H35 insulation [thermal conductivity 0.031W/mK] below on sand blinding. Typical Detail of Partie Wall to Ground Floor Junction S C A L E: 1:10 Existing blockwork party walls with scud coat and plaster finish. Existing mass concrete foundations and rising walls to be retained. New 175mm Kingspan Styrozone H35 insulation [thermal conductivity 0.031W/mK] to be installed to both sides of rising walls. New solid floor to be installled throughout consisting of timber / tiled finish on isolating layer, 150mm concrete slab, 250 Kingspan K3 insulation [thermal conductivity 0.02W/mK], DPM / radon barrier on sand blinding on compacted hardcore. Minimum 50mm perimeter insulation. New DPM / Radon Barrier to be installed below new floor. Radon sumps to be provided where required. DPM to carry up rising walls and be chased into existing wall at level of existing DPC. 150mm thick Concrete footpath to perimeter of building (min width 1.5m) with 100mm Kingspan Styrozone H35 insulation [thermal conductivity 0.031W/mK] below on sand blinding. Munster Joinery EcoClad 120+ thermally broken composite window frames. Triple glazed argon filled Haubler Solar Therm glazing. External light shelf / sun shade consisting of pressed aluminium powder coated integral 'cill' with stiffeners and steel SHS support frame. Internal light shelf / sun shade consisting of coated aluminium skin with shs metal support frame. New pressed metal square gutter with stiffiners and pressed metal angle support / cover. New timber roof structure to new lower roof section. Existing roof tiles to be reused on new timber battons and sarking felt installed on new timber structure. Existing timber roof joists, roof tiles, ridge tiles and sarking felt to be retained on main roof. 300mm in two layers of new Knauf Earthwool Loft Rool 40 quilt insulation [thermal conductivity 0.04W/mK] installed above existing plasterboard ceiling. New ex. 38mm x 100mm timber battens fixed to ceiling joists with 100mm Kingspan K3 phenolic insulation between and 100mm Kingspan K18 phenolic insulation backed plasterboard below. Webertherm XM external insulation system consisting of 200mm PIR insulation [thermal conductivity 0.025w/mK] mechanically fixed, meshcloth render reinforcement, render basecoat and topcoat with painted plain smooth finish. New stud wall to form parapet. Stud to consist of 150mm x 50mm studs, 150mm PIR insulation between and 18mm OSB both sides. Roof membrane and insulation dressed up parapet wall and a pressed metal capping. Existing insitu concrete slab and downstand ringbeam to be truncated at eaves to engineers design and detail. Exiting asphalt roof finish to be retained. New Kingspan Thermataper TT46 insulation [thermal conductivity 0.025W/mK] to be installed to existing flat roof. Minimum thickness 250mm. Sika Trocal Type S single ply roof membrane roof finish. Insulation laid to a fall to gutters formed at perimeter with harmer outlets to RWPs. New Lamilux RL CI rooflight to be installed to existing roof with all associated flashings and seals. Rooflight size 1.5m x 1.0m. New ducting for heat recovery system to be enclosed in insulated studwork within classrooms. Existing roof structure to be trimmed around new rooflights to engineers design. Shaft enclosure walls to consist of 2 layers of 12.5mm plasterboard with painted skim finish, 150mm timber stud with Earthwool Loft Rool 40 quilt insulation [thermal conductivity 0.04W/mK] between and 150mm Kingspan K3 phenolic insulation mechanically fixed outside. Proposed North-East Gable Elevation S C A L E: 1:200 Proposed South-West Gable Elevation S C A L E: 1:200 Proposed Roof Plan S C A L E: 1:200 Proposed Rear (North-West) Elevation S C A L E: 1:100 Proposed Front (South-East) Elevation S C A L E: 1:100 Proposed Ground Floor Plan S C A L E: 1:100 Female student toilets revised to encorporate WC area formerly of Staff WC. Male student toilets to be refurbished but retained in a similar configuration. View of Proposed Front Elevation View of Proposed Rear Elevation View of Proposed Typical Classroom Description of Major Changes in Retrofit Scheme Specification of Retrofit Construction Build-Ups and Materials Used Library room changed to Staff Break and Resource room with kitchen facilities and photocopying and office facilities. 2 x Plant Rooms added to building with access off Lobby Areas. Plant Room to house MVHR equipment and water and space heating equipment. Staff WC in northern wing to be changed to a fully Part M compliant disabled WC within previous changing area. Previous WC space given to Female Student Toilets. Staff WC in southern wing to be refurbished and retained in current configuration. Lobby Areas added immediately inside access doorways to seperate offices, toilets and staff facilities from main classroom corridor. New exit from classroom corridor to proposed external play area to the rear of the building. Webertherm XM external insulation and render system to be installed to all existing and new external walls. All External doors and windows to be replaced with Munster Joinery Ecoclad window system with tripple glazing. Play area with permeable paving / permeable asphalt to be constructed to rear of building. New ramps and level areas to be constructed at entrances to ensure building complies with access requirements in TGD Part M. New footpaths to be constructed to perimeter of building with Styrozone insulation below to assist in the reduction of any posible thermal bridge to existing foundations. Minimum width of footpath to be 1.5m. Existing windows and in-situ concrete columns that formed central jambs to classrooms to be removed. New steel angle support bolted to ring beam to be installed to engineers design. A single window type with incorporated light shelf to be installed to all classrooms. Infill wall to be constructed in classrooms that previously had 4 No. window openings. light shelves to be suported from tubular steel frame fixed back to walls at cill and head. New rooflights to be installed to rear of classrooms to provide for additional daylighting to space. Existing timber roof joists, roof tiles, ridge tiles and sarking felt to be retained on main roof. New timber roof structure to new lower roof section. Existing roof tiles to be reused on new timber battons and sarking felt installed on new timber structure. All External doors and windows to be replaced with Munster Joinery Ecoclad window system with tripple glazing. Existing windows and in-situ concrete columns that formed central jambs to classrooms to be removed. New steel angle support bolted to ring beam to be installed to engineers design. A single window type with incorporated light shelf to be installed to all classrooms. Infill wall to be constructed in classrooms that previously had 4 No. window openings. light shelves to be suported from tubular steel frame fixed back to walls at cill and head. Webertherm XM external insulation and render system to be installed to all existing and new external walls. New pressed metal square gutter with stiffiners and pressed metal angle support / cover win associated new rainwater downpipes. Existing timber roof joists, roof tiles, ridge tiles and sarking felt to be retained on main roof. New timber roof structure to new lower roof section. Existing roof tiles to be reused on new timber battons and sarking felt installed on new timber structure. All External doors and windows to be replaced with Munster Joinery Ecoclad window system with tripple glazing. Windows to Toilets and Changing Room to have frosted / obscures glass. Webertherm XM external insulation and render system to be installed to all existing and new external walls. New pressed metal square gutter with stiffiners and pressed metal angle support / cover win associated new rainwater downpipes. New Lamilux RL CI rooflights to be installed to rear of classrooms to provide for additional daylighting to space. New trimmers to engineers design. New insulated shaft enclosure wallsto be constructed. Rooflight size 1.5m x 1.0m. New timber stud wall to form parapet with pressed metal capping to flat roof eaves. Roof membrane and insulation dressed up parapet wall. Existing timber roof joists, roof tiles, ridge tiles and sarking felt to be retained on main roof. New timber roof structure to new lower roof section. Existing roof tiles to be reused on new timber battons and sarking felt installed on new timber structure. New pressed metal square gutter with stiffiners and pressed metal angle support / cover win associated new rainwater downpipes. New Lamilux RL CI rooflights to be installed to rear of classrooms to provide for additional daylighting to space. New trimmers to engineers design. New insulated shaft enclosure wallsto be constructed. Rooflight size 1.5m x 1.0m. New timber stud wall to form parapet with pressed metal capping to flat roof eaves. Roof membrane and insulation dressed up parapet wall. New Kingspan Thermataper TT46 tapered insulation (min Thickness 250mm) and single ply roof membrane roof covering to be installed above existing flat roof. 2 x Plant Rooms added to building to house MVHR equipment and water and space heating equipment. New flat roof constructed above. Existing concrete ringbeam to be truncated at eaves to engineers design and detail. Existing cavity wall existing cavity to be pumped with Kingspan Ecobead Platinium cavity fill insulation. Existing cavity wall consisting of 100mm blockwork inner and outer leaf, 75mm cavity, 25mm external render finish and 25mm scud coat and plaster skim inner finish. existing cavity to be pumped with Kingspan Ecobead Platinium cavity fill insulation [thermal conductivity 0.033W/mK] Existing timber roof joists, roof tiles, ridge tiles and sarking felt to be retained on main roof. New timber roof structure to new lower roof section. Existing roof tiles to be reused on new timber battons and sarking felt installed on new timber structure. All External doors and windows to be replaced with Munster Joinery Ecoclad window system with tripple glazing. Windows to Toilets and Changing Room to have frosted / obscures glass. Webertherm XM external insulation and render system to be installed to all existing and new external walls. New pressed metal square gutter with stiffiners and pressed metal angle support / cover win associated new rainwater downpipes. New timber stud wall to form parapet with pressed metal capping to flat roof eaves. Roof membrane and insulation dressed up parapet wall. Webertherm XM Render with scraped finish painted dark colour to form plinth to perimeter of building. 2 x Plant Rooms added to building to house MVHR equipment and water and space heating equipment. New flat roof constructed above. • window cill & head, • base of wall/floor junctions, • flat roof and pitched roof eaves, • flat roof abutment to external walls Scale Bar for Therm False Colour Images The calculation of Psi Values for Passiv Haus input differs from the standard methods used in DEAP in two key ways: the exterior temperature is set at -10°C and the heat loss is measured at the exterior of the thermal envelope. The images to the right generated during the thermal bridge analysis are false colour images representing the predicted thermal performance of the construction under the stated conditions. Note: Images have been truncated to fit within laouut. Interior Roof Space Exterior Exterior Exterior Exterior Exterior Exterior Exterior Exterior Exterior Exterior Exterior Roof Space Interior Interior Interior Interior Interior Interior Calculated Psi Value: -0.12W/mK Calculated Psi Value: -0.051W/mK Calculated Psi Value: 0.0367W/mK Calculated Psi Value: 0.0114W/mK Plasterboard liner with parging layer and painted plaster skim. Intello Plus airtightness membrane installed below existing ceiling. and taped at perimeter. Windows Munster Joinery EcoClad 120+ thermally broken composite window frames with Triple glazed argon filled Haubler Solar Therm glazing. External light shelf / sun shade consisting of pressed aluminium powder coated integral 'cill' with stiffeners and steel SHS support frame. Internal light shelf / sun shade consisting of coated aluminium skin with shs metal support frame. Upper surface to be finished with high sheen anti-static coating. Bullnose aluminium capping piece to perimeter of light shelf. New chs section steel latice suport frame for light shelf fixed back to structure at head and cill. New Quinlite B5 aerated concrete blocks [thermal conductivity 0.12W/mK] in place of existing cills and soap bar ant to provide support for new windows. New hardwood timber cills with filleted corners fixed to structure and but jointed to new window frames. Integral pressed aluminium powder coated cill with stiffeners and ridgin insulation backing. Pitched Roof Existing timber roof joists, roof tiles, ridge tiles and sarking felt to be retained on main roof. New timber roof structure to new lower roof section. New stud wall, suported on existing concrete ringbeam, and new wallplate to suport new lower roof structure. stud to consist of 150mm x 50mm studs, 150mm PIR insulation [thermal conductivity 0.025w/mK] between studs and 18mm OSB both sides. Existing concrete ringbeam to be truncated at eaves to engineers design and detail. At window heads new ex. 175mm x 175mm steel angle to suport existing concrete ringbeam to be installed and bolted to ringbeam at wall bearing location to engineers design and detail. Boxing out at beam to consist of plasterboard liner with parging layer, associated air tightness tape and painted plaster skim finish. Existing roof tiles, battens, felt, ridge tiles, etc. to be retained on main roof area. Existing roof tiles to be reused on new timber battons and sarking felt installed on new timber structure on lower roof. New Lamilux RL CI rooflight to be installed to existing roof with all associated flashings and seals. Rooflight size 1.5m x 1.0m. Existing roof structure to be trimmed around new rooflights to engineers design. Existing roof tiles to be carefully removed for re-use for repairs and eaves / barge modifications. All associated flashings / trims to be installed around new rooflights. New pressed metal square gutter with stiffiners and pressed metal angle support / cover. New gutter to be fixed back to new stud wall roof support. New Tegral proprietary over eaves ventilation spacer to be installed above gutter. Existing timber ceiling joists and existing plasterboard ceiling to be retained. All existing holes for services penetrations in ceiling to be sealed. 300mm in two layers of new Knauf Earthwool Loft Rool 40 quilt insulation [thermal conductivity 0.04W/mK] installed above existing ceiling. Intello Plus airtightness membrane installed below existing ceiling. and taped at perimeter. New ex. 38mm x 100mm timber battens fixed to ceiling joists with 100mm Kingspan K3 phenolic insulation between [thermal conductivity 0.02W/mK] with 100mm Kingspan K18 phenolic insulation [thermal conductivity 0.02W/mK] backed plasterboard. Daylight Analysis of School Retrofit Analysis of the existing classrooms was performed using predictive software, specifically DesignBuilder, and average daylight factors were obtained. False colour distribution images were also produced. The average daylight factor result, 1.919%, needed to be greatly improved in the proposed scheme and from the distribution image the majority of daylight falling on the working plane was located beside the main windows. Also it was clear after investigations that the clear storey windows added little to the daylighting to the space. Different options were formulated and then modelled and simulated in the predictive software. The description of these options and their associated results are; • 2.635% - Option 1: increasing the size of the main windows with the addition of a light shelf. • 2.145% - Option 2: Addition of a glazed wall to the rear wall and fully glazed corridor to allow borrowed light to penetrate. • 4.56% - Option 3: the addition of a large rooflight (approx 10m 2 ) to the rear of the room. In all af the above options the clear storey windows were omitted. The distribution diagrams are shown to the right and it is evident that all of these proposed interventions increased the daylight provision to the space. However there are other factors to consider in tandem with daylighting. For example, in option 3 the size of the rooflights require a large structural intervention and there would considerable heat loss contribution through the glazing and frames. An optimum solution was formulated and is described to the right. PHPP Inputs, Results and Energy Analysis Daylight Analysis of Existing Classroom S C A L E: NTS Daylight Analysis of Increased Main Window with Light Shelf S C A L E: NTS Daylight Analysis of Glazed wall and Borrowed Light from Corridor S C A L E: NTS Daylight Analysis of Classroom with Large Rooflight (6.5m x 1.5m) S C A L E: NTS External Walls Existing cavity wall consisting of existing 100mm blockwork inner and outer leaf, 75mm cavity, 25mm external render finish and 25mm scud coat and plaster skim inner finish. Existing cavity to be pumped with Kingspan Ecobead Platinium cavity fill insulation [thermal conductivity 0.033W/mK]. Webertherm XM external insulation system to be applied to existing external face of existing cavity wall. Build-up to consist of 200mm PIR insulation [thermal conductivity 0.025w/mK] mechanically fixed, meshcloth render reinforcement, render basecoat and topcoat with painted plain smooth finish. Patent plaster reveal formed from WeberRend system with meshcloth render reinforcement with painted plain smooth finish. Render finish stopped minimum 150mm above roof surface. Pressed metal drip installed. Roof membrane and insulation dressed up wall. Webertherm XM Render finish stopped minimum 150mm above ground surface and drip formed. Webertherm XM Render with scraped finish painted dark colour on 175mm of Kingspan Styrozone [thermal conductivity 0.031W/mK] insulation mechanically fixed to rising wall to form plinth to perimeter of building. Flat Roof Existing insitu concrete slab and downstand ringbeam to be retained and truncated at eaves to engineers design and detail. Exiting asphalt roof finish and 1 inch cork board and plaster skim finish to ceiling to be retained. New Kingspan Thermataper TT46 insulation [thermal conductivity 0.025W/mK] to be installed to existing flat roof. Minimum thickness 250mm. Vapour barrier to be installed above existing asphalt. Sika Trocal Type S single ply roof membrane roof finish. Insulation laid to a fall to gutters formed at perimeter with harmer outlets to RWPs. New stud wall to form parapet. Stud to consist of 150mm x 50mm studs, 150mm PIR insulation between and 18mm OSB both sides. Roof membrane and insulation dressed up parapet wall and a pressed metal capping. Existing mass concrete foundations and rising walls to be retained. New 175mm Kingspan Styrozone H35 insulation [thermal conductivity 0.031W/mK] to be installed to both sides of rising walls. New DPM / Radon Barrier to be installed below new floor. Radon sumps to be provided where required. DPM to carry up rising walls and be chased into existing wall at level of existing DPC. New solid floor to be installled throughout consisting of timber / tiled finish on isolating layer, 150mm concrete slab, 250 Kingspan K3 insulation [thermal conductivity 0.02W/mK], DPM / radon barrier on sand blinding on compacted hardcore. Minimum 50mm perimeter insulation. 150mm thick Concrete footpath to perimeter of building (min width 1.5m) with 100mm Kingspan Styrozone H35 insulation [thermal conductivity 0.031W/mK] below on sand blinding. Excavations surrounding existing building to be backfilled with well compacted pyrite free hardcore Solar Gain, Overheating and Shading Existing Classroom Average DF: 1.919% Option 1 Average DF: 2.635% Option 2 Average DF: 2.145% Option 3 Average DF: 4.56% Optimum Option - 2x Small Rooflights + Light Shelf Average DF: 3.165% Systems - Mechanical Ventilation, Space and DHW Heating Daylight Analysis of Classroom with Large Rooflight (6.5m x 1.5m) S C A L E: NTS Diagram Showing Optimum Daylighting Strategy for Classroom S C A L E: 1:100 Elements of options 1 and 3 were adapted into a daylighting strategy for the classroom spaces. Option 2 was disregarded due to the structural and operational problems that may have resulted. For the classrooms with three existing south-east facing windows, a single large opening was formed across the full width of the three windows. In the classrooms with four existing windows the same width of opening was used with infill walls closing the remaining opening. An internal and external light shelf was introduced approximately 2.45m above floor level. In order to avoid structural issues two small rooflights (combined area: 3m 2 ) were added in place of the large 6.5m x 1.5m single rooflight. The diamatic section of a typical classroom shows the theory of this daylighting strategy and the false colour distribution map shows the simulated results for the modelled classroom. From this simulation it can be seen that the majority of the classroom achieves above 2% point daylighting levels. An average daylight factor of 3.165% is achieved making the classrooms a well daylit space. PHPP inputs for daylighting differ from this method of daylight assessment which relies on the simple geometry of the space and windows to be entered. The PHPP results are shown in that section above. Image 1 (top left) shows a view taken from a point to the south of the school after the proposed retrofit. Elements such as the increased front fenestration, light shelves, external insulation with render, new parapets to flat rooves and modified lower main roof area can all be seen in this image. Image 2 (top right) shows an internal view from within a typical classroom of the school after the proposed retrofit. Elements such as the increased front fenestration, light shelves and their supports, new rooflights, lowered ceiling, bright colour scheme, enclosure for ducting for MVHR system and proposed furniture layout are demonstrated in this image. Image 3 (bottom right) shows an external view of the rear elevation looking from the south east of the school after the proposed retrofit. Elements such as the modified window openings, new rooflights to main roof, new plant rooms additions, new play area and access door, new parapets to flat roof areas are shown from this viewpoint New footpaths to be constructed to perimeter of building with Styrozone insulation below to assist in the reduction of any posible thermal bridge to existing foundations. Minimum width of footpath to be 1.5m. Surpassing EnerPHit and PassivHaus requirements in order to achieve certification requires a significant contribution to space heating from solar gain whilst providing means to eliminate overheating to a proposed scheme. In this section diagrams have been prepared to demonstrate the strategies employed to meet the requirements and provide a comfortable environment for the building occupants. The solar gain / shading strategy illustrated in the diagrams to the right allows the range of the midday solar azimuth across the year. As the diagrams show the external light shelf and window reveal provide a large amount of shading during midsummer whilst still allowing solar gain during the winter months when it is advantagous. due to the low sun angle in winter blinds may be utilised on the lower portion of the window. However internal shading devices, while stopping discomfort glare will not negate the solar gain to the space. With the high level internal light shelf in place the sunlight can strike the upper surface and provide gains (and daylighting) wile providing some shading to the classrooms. The geometry, orientation and any additional external obstructions of all the proposed windows in the building are input into the PHPP file and the solar gain and shading values for the proposed building are calculated. The values achieved for the proposal are shown to the right of the diagrams. The solar gain and shading strategy for the classrooms were particularly important as they made up approximately 56% of the floor area of the building and have south-east facing glazing. Also rooms other than classrooms in the building generally have a lower occupancy level. During the PHPP evaluation of the progressive design process a significant overheating issue was identifited with its frequency at 15.7% when the thermal envelope was upgraded to passiv standards. This required a mitigation strategy in order to meet EnerPHit standards. The ventilation strategy illustrated in the diagram to the right is the method chosen to overcome any issue of overheating in the building. The classrooms have the highest occupancy and the greatest southerly glazing areas so it was paramount to solve the problem in these spaces. This was done by the introduction of automatically opening windows and rooflights to create a crossflow / stack ventilation effect that would provide both daytime and night purge ventilation. As these windows would open only a short distance (<100mm) they can be fitted with security screens to the opening areas. Rain sensors can also be incorporated into the rooflights. In addition to natural ventilation the MVHR can be set to summer bypass mode providing additional ventilation airchanges. All other habitable rooms are provided with manually openable windows and the MVHR summer ventilation also. The calculations for this strategy are carried out on the Summvent tab in PHPP. An extract from this calculation sheet is included to the right. This shows the definitions for the opening windows for both daytime and night purge ventilation. Diagram showing Solar Gain / Shading (Summer) S C A L E: NTS Diagram showing Solar Gain / Shading (Winter) S C A L E: NTS Shading - Summer General Shading PHPP Table showing Shading Factors for the Glazing for Summer and General Calculations S C A L E: NTS PHPP Table showing Calculation for Solar Gain for Proposal S C A L E: NTS Diagram showing Classroom Ventilation Strategy S C A L E: NTS PHPP Extract showing Summer Ventilation Calculation S C A L E: NTS Boiler Location Schematic of Proposed Space Heating Circulation and DHW Supply Systems S C A L E: NTS DHW Cylinder Location Radiator Locations Space Heating Flow Pipework Space Heating Return Pipework Hot Water Recirculation Pipework Space Heating Flow Branch Pipework Space Heating Return Branch Pipework Hot Water Recirculation Branch Pipework To achieve EnerPHit certification either the annual space heating demand must be less than 25kWh/m 2 /y or the heating load must be less than 10W/m 2 . The primary energy usage, under which DHW is counted, must be below 132kWh/m 2 /y also. The PHPP software calculates the total fabric and ventilation heat loss, the internal and solar gains, etc. from the user inputs and a figure for the space heating demand is arrived at. The DHW requirement is also calculated from predicted demand. The efficiency factors (boiler efficiency, pipework runs, HW storage losses, etc.) are then appliedto this to get the final annual heating demand figure. The relevant specification for the efficiency factors are as follows: • Boiler Type: Remeha Avanta 18s System boiler with 18kW output and 92.5% seasonal efficiency. • Heating system: Hot water low pressure radiators form the Quinn Sleive range with room thermostats and TRVs. 170m total flow, return and branch pipework distribution length • DHW System: Hot water insulated cylinder with pumped recirculation pipe system with branch feeder pipes to tap openings. 115m total circulation pipework length and 19m total branch pipework length. • All pipework encased in 40mm of Kingspan Kooltherm pipe insulation [thermal conductivity 0.025W/mK] A schematic of the proposed DHW and space heating system is shown to the right. On this diagram the boiler location, hot water storage cylinder location, the main and branch pipework runs for the DHW and space heating systems and the nominal location of ratiators are shown. Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery can contribute graetly to achieving the annual space heating demand (<25kWh/m 2 /y) or the heating load (<10W/m 2 ) requirements defined in PHPP. However the operation of the MVHR unit will contribute to the primary energy load (<132kWh/m 2 /y). Thus an efficient system will be needed to satisfy these requirements. The design air flow rate is determined through a calculation involving the number of occupants and wetrooms in the building. For the proposed school this was 1500m 3 /h. The noise level of the system in operation is also a consideration for a building such as this. The MVHR system chosen to be utilised in the retrofit project was the Vent Axia Sentinal Kinetic Plus system and such was the air flow rate required 4 of these units were required. The relevant specification for the MVHR units are as follows: • Heat recovery efficiency: 92% (77% entered in PHPP as it is an uncertified system) • Electrical Efficiency: 0.38 Wh/m 3 • Operational Range: 100m 3 /h to 500m 3 /h (x4) • Sound Levels (@3m): 24 dB(A) (normal), 34dB(A) (boost) • Y Value of ambient and exhaust air ducts: 0.315W/mK The proposed building is seperated into four zones with a unit designated to each. As shown on the schematics to the right, the flat roof ancilliary areas (zone 1) and 2 classrooms and corridor (zone 2) have seperate pipework and supply and exhaust. This situation is replicated as a mirror image on the north end of the building. Schematic Plan of Proposed MVHR System Supply and Extract Pipework and Diffusers S C A L E: NTS Specification of Proposed DHW and Space Heating System Specification of Proposed Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery System Schematic Section of Proposed MVHR System (through Plant Room) S C A L E: NTS Heat Exchange Unit 1 Serving Ancilliary Area Heat Exchange Unit 2 Serving Teaching Areas Pipework Perpindicular to View Heat Exchange Unit 1 Serving Ancilliary Area Heat Exchange Unit 2 Serving Teaching Areas To achieve EnerPHit certification certain targets for the energy erformance of a building are set in the PHPP software. These targets are listed in the table below and the performance of both the existing and proposed retrofit are shown. Note: the requirement is to meet either the annual space heating demand or the heating load figures. Achieving EnerPHIT Annual Heating Demand Existing Building EnerPHIT Targets Proposed Retrofit 25kW/m 2 /y 23kW/m 2 /y Improvement -95.7% Heating Load 10W/m 2 17W/m 2 -89.7% Frequency of Overheating <10% (@25°) 0.5% N/A Primary Energy 132kW/m 2 /y 127kW/m 2 /y -85.1% Air Tightness N 50 1 ac/h 1 ac/h -90.5% or or EnerPHit retrofit achieved Yes 542kW/m 2 /y 165W/m 2 0.0% 852kW/m 2 /y 10.6 ac/h This EnerPHit retrofit used many methods to achieve and surpass the minimum required values. Among the main strategies were a major upgrade of the thermal envelope, optimised fenestration (for solar gain, shading and daylighting), upgrading of existing mechanical and electrical systems, night purge and daytime cooling and the introduction of mechanical ventilation with heat recovery. These items are described and specified in detail in the other sections of this presentation. In this section the process involved in reaching EnerPHit standards and the data obtained from the PHPP software that demonstrates the energy performance of the building will be described. Early design decisions were taken based on analysis of the existing building and assessing some of the proposed strategies in both the PHPP software and with some predictive analysis (daylighting). When an aesthetically pleasing and technically accurate design was completed the data was input into the PHPP software incrementally (and in a series that they may be considered) and each step / improvement was recorded. This gave a chart leading to Enerphit achievement. An abreviated version of this table is shown below. The Design Process Changelog Table for PHPP Inputs Existing Building Proposed Retrofit External 325mm Cavity Wall - EW1 External 440mm Cavity Wall - EW2 Ceiling below Pitched Roof Flat Roof Construction 1.735 W/m 2 K The entire building fabric was proposed to be upgraded to increase the U-Values and to minimise / eliminate any thermal bridges present. The specification of the construction, the detail design and LTB analysis are shown in adjacent sections. Below is a comparative table of the U-Values achieved in the existing building and in the proposed retrofit. Fabric Upgrade Solid Floor Suspended Floor Windows 2.56 W/m 2 K 1.504 W/m 2 K 0.633 W/m 2 K 1.279 W/m 2 K 4.095 W/m 2 K 1.964 W/m 2 K 0.093 W/m 2 K 0.9 W/m 2 K 0.093 W/m 2 K 0.063 W/m 2 K 0.085 W/m 2 K 0.077 W/m 2 K N/A New Walls To Plant Room 0.091 W/m 2 K Rooflight Enclosures 0.091 W/m 2 K Comparison of U-Values - Existing to Proposed IAB / BBA certificates for the insulation and systems used in the proposed retrofit will be included with the submission of this project and are also available from the manufacturers websites. The specific annual heating demand for achieving EnerPhit and Passiv Haus certification is determined within the PHPP software using the monthly method. This section of PHPP uses climate data and occupancy patterns, along with internal and external gains, to determine the space heating loads. The monthly method can also be a good indicator of overheating as it can be evident on the graph when the gains exceed the heat loss. The diagrams below taken from PHPP show the monthly heating demand for both the existing building and proposed retrofit. Monthly Method - Specific Annual Heating Demand Existing Building Proposed Retrofit (at same scale as Existing) Proposed Retrofit The differering scales of these graphs can be deceptive as the monthly heating demands for the existing building range from 20kWh/m 2 /month to 70kWh/m 2 /month while the proposed building ranges from 6kWh/m 2 /month to only 8.5kWh/m 2 /month. The graph in the centre represents the proposed retrofit at the same scale as the existing. Three key points can be gleemed from these graphs; 1) space heating is required every month in the existing and there are 5 months in the proposed that require little or no heating. 2) Solar and internal gains make up most of the space heating demand in the proposed retrofit. 3) Gains surpass losses for five months in the proposed scheme. This requires overheating mitigation measures to be applied as described in the relevant section below. The heating balance charts can be a very usefull too in analysing the internal gains, external gains, fabric losses, ventilation losses, space heating supply, etc. The graph provides a comparison of all the values in a single place. The inspection of this graph lead to the process described above in developing the retrofit strategy. On an annual average for the retrofit scheme, internal and solar gains can be seen to contribute more to the heating load than the annual space heating contribution. Ventilation is the main source of heat loss from the building, both in the form of losses from the MVHR efficiency and from the need to cool the building from unwanted solar gains during the summer. It can also be observed that there is equivilent heat loss through the windows as there is through the walls and roof combined. For the existing building, a very different profile is evident. Large amounts of heat loss is evident through the walls and ceilings / roofs. This is why a large proportion of the retrofit strategy aimed at remediating this heat loss. The ventilation heat losses also required carefull attention and led to the selection of an efficient heatrecovery ventilation system. It can be seen that the internal gains ar the same as in the proposed retrofit at 14.7kWh/m 2 /annum and the solar gains are within 2.4kWh/m 2 /annum but they barely make a dent in the overall space heating demand. Heating Ballance - Gains -v- Losses Existing Building Proposed Retrofit (at same scale as Existing) Proposed Retrofit Legend The differering scales of these graphs can also be deceptive as they remain the same size despite the existing graph stretching to over 450kWh/m 2 /annum while the proposed graph barely reaches 60kWh/m 2 /annum. The graph below represents the proposed retrofit at the same scale as the existing.

Transcript of Proposed EnerPHit School · 7.196 3.147 3.194 7.196 7.196 7.196 1.510 7.535 3.145 6.016 w-33 w-32...

Page 1: Proposed EnerPHit School · 7.196 3.147 3.194 7.196 7.196 7.196 1.510 7.535 3.145 6.016 w-33 w-32 wa-nw-5 wa-ne-6 w-34 w-35 w-31 w-30 w-29 w-28 w-27 w-26 w-25 w-24 wa-sw-4 w-23

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Classroom 1

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Male Toilets

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Staff WC

A:6.09 m

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Staff Room

A:18.97 m

2Female Toilets

A:19.17 m

2 Dis WC

A:5.68 m

2

Lobby

A:12.81 m

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Lobby

A:17.08 m

2

Classroom 2

A:45.56 m

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Classroom 3

A:45.56 m

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Classroom 4

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Play Area

A:275.76 m

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3.2680.8920.5832.026

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Existing roof tiles to be reused

on new timber

battons and

sarking felt installed on new

timber structure.

Final Design Submission:

ARCH2181 DT774b 2013-2014

Stu

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nt N

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be

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D1

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Proposed 3D Images

Proposed Plans and Elevations

Typical Detail of Classroom Window: Lightshelf, Cill and Head

S C A L E: 1:10

Typical Detail of Windows below Flat Roofs: Cill and Head

S C A L E: 1:10

Typical Section A-A Through Classroom and Corridor

S C A L E: 1:50

Typical Detail of Pitched Roof Eaves

S C A L E: 1:10

Proposed 1:10 Details and 1:50 Section

LTB Analysis of Proposed Junctions

Mid

win

ter

Azim

uth

13.5°

Mid

sum

mer

Azim

uth

60

.5°

Sele

cte

d

Heat

Exchange

Unit

Cool

Exhaust

Air

and

Pip

ew

ork

Cool

Air

Inta

ke

and

Pip

ew

ork

Warm

S

upply

A

ir

Diffu

ser

and P

ipew

ork

Warm

A

ir

Extr

act

and

Pip

ew

ork

LTB02 Analysis of Pitched Roof Eaves

S C A L E: 1:25

LTB07 Analysis of Flat Roof Abutment

S C A L E: 1:25

LTB03 Analysis of Flat Roof Eaves

S C A L E: 1:25

LTB04 Analysis of Window Head at

Pitched Roof Eaves

S C A L E: 1:25

LTB05 Analysis of Window Head at

Flat Roof Eaves

S C A L E: 1:25

LTB06 Analysis of Window Cill

S C A L E: 1:25

LTB01 Analysis of Ground Abutment

S C A L E: 1:25

Therm

al bridge analysis was carried out on the some of

the key junctions for the E

nerphit S

chool Project using

the LBNL Therm

software package. The heat loss values

obtained from the software was used to calculate the Psi

Values for

the relevant

junctions.

These junctions

include:

Typical Flat Roof / Wall Abutment Detail

S C A L E: 1:10

Typical Detail of Flat Roof Eaves

S C A L E: 1:10

New Tegral

proprietary over

eaves ventilation spacer.

New

pressed

metal

square

gutter with stiffiners and pressed

metal angle support / cover.

New stud wall and wallplate to

suport new lower roof structure.

stud to consist of 150mm x

50mm

studs,

150mm

PIR

insulation between and 18mm

OSB both sides.

Webertherm

XM

external

insulation system consisting of

200mm PIR insulation [therm

al

conductivity

0.025w/mK]

mechanically fixed,

meshcloth

render

reinforcement,

render

basecoat

and

topcoat

with

painted plain smooth finish.

Patent

plaster

reveal

form

ed

from WeberRend system with

meshcloth render reinforcement

with painted plain smooth finish.

Munster Joinery EcoClad 120+

therm

ally

broken

composite

window frames.

Triple

glazed

argon

filled

Haubler Solar Therm

glazing.

External light shelf / sun shade

consisting of pressed aluminium

powder coated integral 'cill' with

stiffeners and steel SHS support

frame.

Internal light shelf / sun shade

consisting of coated aluminium

skin with shs metal

support

frame.

Upper

surface to be

finished with high sheen anti-

static coating

Integral

pressed

aluminium

powder coated cill with stiffeners

and ridgin insulation backing.

Munster Joinery EcoClad 120+

therm

ally

broken

composite

window frames.

Patent

plaster

reveal

form

ed

from

WeberRend

system

continued below cill.

Webertherm

XM

external

insulation system consisting of

200mm

PIR

insulation,

meshcloth render reinforcement,

render

basecoat

and topcoat

with painted smooth finish.

New timber roof structure to new

lower roof section.

Existing timber roof joists to be

retained and suppoerted on

existing wallplate.

300mm in two layers of new

Knauf Earthwool Loft Rool 40

quilt

insulation

[therm

al

conductivity 0.04W/mK] installed

above existing ceiling.

Existing timber ceiling joists to

be retained shown dotted.

Existing plasterboard ceiling to

be retained. All existing holes for

services to be sealed.

New ex. 38mm x 100mm timber

battens fixed to ceiling joists with

100mm Kingspan K3 phenolic

insulation

between

[therm

al

conductivity

0.02W/mK]

with

100mm Kingspan K18 phenolic

insulation [therm

al conductivity

0.02W/mK] backed plasterboard.

New ex. 175mm x 175mm steel

angle to suport existing concrete

ringbeam

and

bolted

toringbeam at wall bearing location

to engineers design and detail.

Existing concrete ringbeam to be

truncated at eaves to engineers

design and detail.

New chs section steel latice

suport frame for light shelf fixed

back to structure at head and

cill.

Bullnose

aluminium

capping

piece to perimeter of light shelf.

New hardwood timber cills with

filleted corners fixed to structure

and but jointed to new window

frames.

New

Quinlite

B5

aerated

concrete

blocks

[therm

al

conductivity 0.12W/mK] in place

of existing cills and soap bar ant

to provide support for

new

windows.

Existing cavity wall cosisting of

100mm blockwork inner

and

outer leaf, 75mm cavity, 25mm

external

render

finish

and

255mm scud coat and plaster

skim inner finish. existing cavity

to be pumped with Kingspan

Ecobead Platinium cavity fill

insulation [therm

al conductivity

0.033W/mK]

New stud wall to form

parapet.

Stud to consist of 150mm x

50mm

studs,

150mm

PIR

insulation between and 18mm

OSB both sides.

Webertherm

XM

external

insulation system consisting of

200mm PIR insulation [therm

al

conductivity

0.025w/mK]

mechanically fixed,

meshcloth

render

reinforcement,

render

basecoat

and

topcoat

with

painted plain smooth finish.

Patent

plaster

reveal

form

ed

from WeberRend system with

meshcloth render reinforcement

with painted plain smooth finish.

Munster Joinery EcoClad 120+

therm

ally

broken

composite

window frames.

Triple

glazed

argon

filled

Haubler Solar Therm

glazing.

Integral

pressed

aluminium

powder coated cill with stiffeners

and ridgin insulation backing.

Munster Joinery EcoClad 120+

therm

ally

broken

composite

window frames.

Patent

plaster

reveal

form

ed

from

WeberRend

system

continued below cill.

Existing insitu concrete slab and

downstand

ringbeam

to

be

truncated at eaves to engineers

design and detail. Exiting asphalt

roof finish to be retained.

75mm pir insulation to fill cavity

above window head.

Exiting 1 inch cork board and

plaster skim finish to ceiling to

be retained.

New

Kingspan

Therm

ataper

TT46

insulation

[therm

al

conductivity 0.025W/mK] to be

installed to existing flat

roof.

Minimum

thickness

250mm.Vapour

barrier

to be

installed above existing asphalt.

Sika Trocal Type S single ply

roof

membrane

roof

finish.

Insulation laid to a fall to gutters

form

ed at perimeter with harm

er

outlets to RWPs.

New pressed metal capping to

parapet

in proprietary

fixing

system supported by 18mm

OSB deck fixed to parapet stud.

Roof membrane and insulation

dressed up parapet wall.

Existing roof tiles to be reused

on new timber

battons and

sarking felt installed on new

timber structure to new lower

roof.

New Tegral

proprietary over

eaves ventilation spacer.

New

pressed

metal

square

gutter with stiffiners and pressed

metal angle support / cover.

New stud wall and wallplate to

suport new lower roof structure.

stud to consist of 150mm x

50mm

studs,

150mm

PIR

insulation between and 18mm

OSB both sides.

Webertherm

XM

external

insulation system consisting of

200mm PIR insulation [therm

al

conductivity

0.025w/mK]

mechanically fixed,

meshcloth

render

reinforcement,

render

basecoat

and

topcoat

with

painted plain smooth finish.

New timber roof structure to new

lower roof section.

Existing timber roof joists to be

retained and suppoerted fon

existing wallplate.

300mm in two layers of new

Knauf Earthwool Loft Rool 40

quilt

insulation

[therm

al

conductivity 0.04W/mK] installed

above existing ceiling.

New ex. 38mm x 100mm timber

battens @ 600mm c/c fixed to

ceiling

joists

with

100mm

Kingspan K

3 phenolic insulation

between [therm

al

conductivity

0.02W/m

K]

with

100mm

Kingspan

K18

phenolic

insulation [therm

al conductivity

0.02W/m

K] backed plasterboard.

Existing cavity wall consisting of

100mm blockwork inner

and

outer leaf, 75mm cavity, 25mm

external render finish and 25mm

scud coat and plaster skim inner

finish.

existing cavity to be

pumped with Kingspan Ecobead

Platinium cavity fill

insulation

[therm

al

conductivity

0.033W/m

K]

New stud wall to form

parapet.

Stud to consist of 150mm x

50mm

studs,

150mm

PIR

insulation between and 18mm

OSB both sides.

Existing insitu concrete slab and

downstand

ringbeam

to

be

truncated at eaves to engineers

design and detail. Exiting asphalt

roof finish to be retained.

Exiting 1 inch cork board and

plaster skim finish to ceiling to

be retained.

New

Kingspan

Therm

ataper

TT46

insulation

[therm

al

conductivity 0.025W/m

K] to be

installed to existing flat

roof.

Vapour barrier to be installed

above existing asphalt. Minimum

thickness 250mm. Sika Trocal

Type S single ply roof membrane

roof finish. Insulation laid to a fall

to gutters form

ed at perimeter

with harm

er outlets to RWPs.

New pressed metal cappinf to

parapet

in

proprietary fixing

system supported by 18mm

OSB deck fixed to parapet stud.

Roof membrane and insulation

dressed up parapet wall.

Webertherm

XM

external

insulation system consisting of

200mm PIR insulation [therm

al

conductivity

0.025w/mK]

mechanically fixed,

meshcloth

render

reinforcement,

render

basecoat

and

topcoat

with

painted plain smooth finish.

Render finish stopped m

inimum

150mm above roof

surface.

Pressed metal

drip installed.

Roof membrane and insulation

dressed up wall.

Typical Detail of External Wall to Ground Floor Junction

S C A L E: 1:10

Webertherm

XM Render finish

stopped m

inimum 150mm above

ground surface and drip form

ed.

Webertherm

XM Render

with

scraped

finish

painted

dark

colour to form

plinth to perimeter

of building.

Existing

mass

concrete

foundation and rising w

all to be

retained.

Excavations surrounding existing

building to be backfilled with well

compacted pyrite free hardcore

New

175mm

Kingspan

Styrozone

H35

insulation

[therm

al

conductivity

0.031W/mK] to be installed to

both sides of rising walls.

New solid floor to be installled

throughout consisting of timber /

tiled finish on isolating layer,

150mm

concrete

slab,

250

Kingspan K

3 insulation [therm

al

conductivity 0.02W/mK], DPM /

radon barrier on sand blinding

on

compacted

hardcore.

Minimum

50mm

perimeter

insulation.

New DPC to be installed and

chased into existing wall at level

of existing DPC.

150mm thick Concrete footpath

to perimeter

of

building (m

inwidth

1.5m)

with

100mm

Kingspan

Styrozone

H35

insulation [therm

al conductivity

0.031W/mK]

below on sand

blinding.

Typical Detail of Partie Wall to Ground Floor Junction

S C A L E: 1:10

Existing blockwork party walls

with scud coat and plaster finish.

Existing

mass

concrete

foundations and rising walls to

be

retained.

New

175mm

Kingspan

Styrozone

H35

insulation [therm

al conductivity

0.031W/mK] to be installed to

both sides of rising walls.

New solid floor to be installled

throughout consisting of timber /

tiled finish on isolating layer,

150mm

concrete

slab,

250

Kingspan K

3 insulation [therm

al

conductivity 0.02W/mK], DPM /

radon barrier on sand blinding

on

compacted

hardcore.

Minimum

50mm

perimeter

insulation.

New DPM / Radon Barrier to be

installed below new floor. Radon

sumps to be provided where

required. DPM to carry up rising

walls and be chased into existing

wall at level of existing DPC.

150mm thick Concrete footpath

to perimeter

of

building (m

inwidth

1.5m)

with

100mm

Kingspan

Styrozone

H35

insulation [therm

al conductivity

0.031W/m

K]

below on sand

blinding.

Munster Joinery EcoClad 120+

therm

ally

broken

composite

window frames.

Triple glazed

argon filled Haubler Solar Therm

glazing.

External light shelf / sun shade

consisting of pressed aluminium

powder coated integral 'cill' with

stiffeners and steel SHS support

frame.

Internal light shelf / sun shade

consisting of coated aluminium

skin with shs metal

support

frame.

New

pressed

metal

square

gutter with stiffiners and pressed

metal angle support / cover.

New timber roof structure to new

lower roof section. Existing roof

tiles to be reused on new timber

battons and sarking felt installed

on new timber structure.

Existing timber roof joists, roof

tiles, ridge tiles and sarking felt

to be retained on main roof.

300mm in two layers of new

Knauf Earthwool Loft Rool 40

quilt

insulation

[therm

al

conductivity 0.04W/m

K] installed

above

existing

plasterboard

ceiling. New ex. 38mm x 100mm

timber battens fixed to ceiling

joists with 100mm K

ingspan K

3phenolic insulation between and

100mm Kingspan K18 phenolic

insulation backed plasterboard

below.

Webertherm

XM

external

insulation system consisting of

200mm PIR insulation [therm

al

conductivity

0.025w/mK]

mechanically fixed,

meshcloth

render

reinforcement,

render

basecoat

and

topcoat

with

painted plain smooth finish.

New stud wall to form

parapet.

Stud to consist of 150mm x

50mm

studs,

150mm

PIR

insulation between and 18mm

OSB

both

sides.

Roof

membrane

and

insulation

dressed up parapet wall and a

pressed metal capping.

Existing insitu concrete slab and

downstand

ringbeam

to

be

truncated at eaves to engineers

design and detail. Exiting asphalt

roof finish to be retained.

New

Kingspan

Therm

ataper

TT46

insulation

[therm

al

conductivity 0.025W/mK] to be

installed to existing flat

roof.

Minimum

thickness

250mm.

Sika Trocal Type S single ply

roof

membrane

roof

finish.

Insulation laid to a fall to gutters

form

ed at perimeter with harm

er

outlets to RWPs.

New Lamilux RL CI rooflight to

be installed to existing roof with

all

associated flashings and

seals.

Rooflight

size 1.5m x

1.0m.

New ducting for heat recovery

system

to

be

enclosed

ininsulated

studwork

within

classrooms.

Existing roof

structure to be

trimmed around new rooflights to

engineers

design.

Shaft

enclosure walls to consist of 2

layers of 12.5mm plasterboard

with painted skim finish, 150mm

timber stud with Earthwool Loft

Rool 40 quilt insulation [therm

al

conductivity 0.04W/mK] between

and

150mm

Kingspan

K3

phenolic insulation m

echanically

fixed outside.

Proposed North-East Gable Elevation

S C A L E: 1:200

Proposed South-West Gable Elevation

S C A L E: 1:200

Proposed Roof Plan

S C A L E: 1:200

Proposed Rear (North-West) Elevation

S C A L E: 1:100

Proposed Front (South-East) Elevation

S C A L E: 1:100

Proposed Ground Floor Plan

S C A L E: 1:100

Female student toilets revised to encorporate

WC area form

erly of Staff W

C. Male student

toilets to be refurbished but retained in a

similar configuration.

View of Proposed Front Elevation

View of Proposed Rear Elevation

View of Proposed Typical Classroom

Description of Major Changes in

Retrofit Scheme

Specification

of

Retrofit

Construction

Build-Ups

and

Materials Used

Library room changed to Staff Break and

Resource room with kitchen facilities and

photocopying and office facilities.

2 x Plant Rooms added to building with

access off Lobby Areas. Plant Room to

house MVHR equipment and water

and

space heating equipment.

Staff W

C in northern wing to be changed to a

fully Part M compliant disabled WC within

previous changing area. Previous W

C space

given to Female Student Toilets.

Staff W

C in southern wing to be refurbished

and retained in current configuration.

Lobby Areas added immediately inside

access doorways to seperate offices, toilets

and staff facilities from main classroom

corridor. New exit from classroom corridor to

proposed external play area to the rear of the

building.

Webertherm

XM external

insulation and

render system to be installed to all existing

and new external walls.

All

External

doors and windows to be

replaced with Munster

Joinery Ecoclad

window system with tripple glazing.

Play area with perm

eable paving / perm

eable

asphalt to be constructed to rear of building.

New ramps and level areas to be constructed

at entrances to ensure building complies with

access requirements in TGD Part M.

New footpaths to be constructed to perimeter

of building with Styrozone insulation below to

assist in the reduction of any posible therm

al

bridge to existing foundations.

Minimum

width of footpath to be 1.5m.

Existing

windows

and

in-situ

concrete

columns that

form

ed central

jambs to

classrooms to be removed. New steel angle

support bolted to ring beam to be installed to

engineers design.

A single w

indow type w

ith incorporated light

shelf to be installed to all classrooms. Infill

wall to be constructed in classrooms that

previously had 4 No. window openings. light

shelves to be suported from tubular steel

frame fixed back to walls at cill and head.

New rooflights to be installed to rear of

classrooms

to

provide

for

additional

daylighting to space.

Existing timber roof joists, roof tiles, ridge

tiles and sarking felt to be retained on m

ain

roof. New timber roof structure to new lower

roof section. Existing roof tiles to be reused

on new timber

battons and sarking felt

installed on new timber structure.

All

External

doors and windows to be

replaced with Munster

Joinery Ecoclad

window system with tripple glazing.

Existing

windows

and

in-situ

concrete

columns that

form

ed central

jambs to

classrooms to be removed. New steel angle

support bolted to ring beam to be installed to

engineers design.

A single w

indow type w

ith incorporated light

shelf to be installed to all classrooms. Infill

wall to be constructed in classrooms that

previously had 4 No. window openings. light

shelves to be suported from tubular steel

frame fixed back to walls at cill and head.

Webertherm

XM external

insulation and

render system to be installed to all existing

and new external walls.

New pressed metal

square gutter

with

stiffiners and pressed m

etal angle support /

cover

win

associated

new

rainwater

downpipes.

Existing timber roof joists, roof tiles, ridge

tiles and sarking felt to be retained on m

ain

roof. New timber roof structure to new lower

roof section. Existing roof tiles to be reused

on new timber

battons and sarking felt

installed on new timber structure.

All

External

doors and windows to be

replaced with Munster

Joinery Ecoclad

window system with tripple glazing. Windows

to Toilets and Changing Room to have

frosted / obscures glass.

Webertherm

XM external

insulation and

render system to be installed to all existing

and new external walls.

New pressed metal

square gutter

with

stiffiners and pressed m

etal angle support /

cover

win

associated

new

rainwater

downpipes.

New Lamilux RL C

I rooflights to be installed

to rear of classrooms to provide for additional

daylighting to space.

New trimmers to

engineers design.

New insulated shaft

enclosure wallsto be constructed. Rooflight

size 1.5m x 1.0m.

New timber stud wall to form

parapet with

pressed metal capping to flat roof eaves.

Roof membrane and insulation dressed up

parapet wall.

Existing timber roof joists, roof tiles, ridge

tiles and sarking felt to be retained on m

ain

roof. New timber roof structure to new lower

roof section. Existing roof tiles to be reused

on new timber

battons and sarking felt

installed on new timber structure.

New pressed metal

square gutter

with

stiffiners and pressed m

etal angle support /

cover

win

associated

new

rainwater

downpipes.

New Lamilux RL C

I rooflights to be installed

to rear of classrooms to provide for additional

daylighting to space.

New trimmers to

engineers design.

New insulated shaft

enclosure wallsto be constructed. Rooflight

size 1.5m x 1.0m.

New timber stud wall to form

parapet with

pressed metal capping to flat roof eaves.

Roof membrane and insulation dressed up

parapet wall.

New Kingspan Therm

ataper TT46 tapered

insulation (min Thickness 250mm) and single

ply roof membrane roof covering to be

installed above existing flat roof.

2 x Plant Rooms added to building to house

MVHR equipment and water

and space

heating equipment. New flat roof constructed

above.

Existing concrete ringbeam to be

truncated at eaves to engineers

design and detail.

Existing

cavity

wall

existing

cavity

to

be

pumped

with

Kingspan

Ecobead

Platinium

cavity fill insulation.

Existing cavity wall consisting of

100mm blockwork inner

and

outer leaf, 75mm cavity, 25mm

external render finish and 25mm

scud coat and plaster skim inner

finish.

existing cavity to be

pumped with Kingspan Ecobead

Platinium cavity fill

insulation

[therm

al

conductivity

0.033W/mK]

Existing timber roof joists, roof tiles, ridge

tiles and sarking felt to be retained on m

ain

roof. New timber roof structure to new lower

roof section. Existing roof tiles to be reused

on new timber

battons and sarking felt

installed on new timber structure.

All

External doors and windows to be

replaced with Munster

Joinery Ecoclad

window system with tripple glazing. Windows

to Toilets and Changing Room to have

frosted / obscures glass.

Webertherm

XM external

insulation and

render system to be installed to all existing

and new external walls.

New pressed metal

square gutter

with

stiffiners and pressed m

etal angle support /

cover

win

associated

new

rainwater

downpipes.

New timber stud wall to form

parapet with

pressed metal capping to flat roof eaves.

Roof membrane and insulation dressed up

parapet wall.

Webertherm

XM R

ender with scraped finish

painted dark colour

to form

plinth to

perimeter of building.

2 x Plant Rooms added to building to house

MVHR equipment and water

and space

heating equipment. New flat roof constructed

above.

• window cill & head,

• base of wall/floor junctions,

• flat roof and pitched roof eaves,

• flat roof abutment to external walls

Scale Bar

for

Therm False

Colour Images

The calculation of Psi Values for Passiv Haus input

differs from the standard m

ethods used in DEAP in two

key w

ays: the exterior temperature is set at -10°C

and

the heat loss is m

easured at the exterior of the therm

al

envelope.

The images to the right generated during the therm

al

bridge analysis are false colour images representing the

predicted therm

al perform

ance of the construction under

the stated conditions. Note: Images have been truncated

to fit within laouut.

Interior

Roof Space

Exterior

Exterior

Exterior

Exterior

Exterior

Exterior

Exterior

Exterior

Exterior

Exterior

Exterior

Roof Space

Interior

Interior

Interior

Interior

Interior

Interior

Calculated Psi Value: -0.12W/mK

Calculated Psi Value: -0.051W/mK

Calculated Psi Value: 0.0367W/mK

Calculated Psi Value: 0.0114W/mK

Plasterboard liner with parging

layer and painted plaster skim.

Intello

Plus

airtightness

membrane

installed

below

existing ceiling. and taped at

perimeter.

Win

do

ws

Munster

Joinery

EcoClad

120+

therm

ally

broken composite window frames with Triple

glazed argon fille

d Haubler

Solar

Therm

glazing.

External lig

ht shelf / sun shade consisting of

pressed aluminium powder coated integral 'cill'

with stiffeners and steel SHS support frame.

Internal lig

ht shelf / sun shade consisting of

coated a

luminium skin w

ith shs m

etal support

frame. Upper surface to be finished with high

sheen anti-static coating. Bulln

ose aluminium

capping p

iece to p

erimeter of lig

ht shelf. New

chs section steel latice suport frame for lig

ht

shelf fixed back to structure at head and cill.

New Quinlite B5 aerated concrete blocks

[therm

al conductivity 0.12W/m

K] in place of

existing cills and soap bar

ant

to provide

support for

new windows.

New hardwood

timber

cills with fille

ted corners fixed to

structure and but jointed to new w

indow frames.

Integral pressed a

luminium p

owder coated cill

with stiffeners and ridgin insulation backing.

Pit

ch

ed

Ro

of

Existing tim

ber roof joists, roof tiles, ridge tile

sand sarking felt to be retained on main roof.

New timber roof structure to new lower roof

section.

New stud wall, suported on existing concrete

ringbeam, and new wallp

late to suport new

lower roof structure. stud to consist of 150mm x

50mm studs, 150mm PIR

insulation [therm

al

conductivity 0.025w/m

K] betw

een studs and

18mm O

SB both sides.

Existing concrete ringbeam to b

e truncated a

teaves to engineers design and detail. At

window heads new ex. 175mm x 175mm steel

angle to suport existing concrete ringbeam to

be installe

d and bolted to ringbeam at wall

bearing location to engineers design and detail.

Boxing o

ut at beam to consist of plasterboard

liner with parging layer, associated air tightness

tape and painted plaster skim

finish.

Existing roof tiles, battens, felt, ridge tile

s, etc.

to be retained on m

ain roof area. Existing roof

tiles to be reused on new timber battons and

sarking felt installe

d on new tim

ber structure on

lower roof.

New L

amilu

x R

L C

I rooflight to b

e installe

d to

existing roof with all associated flashings and

seals. Rooflight size 1.5m x 1.0m. Existing roof

structure to b

e trimmed a

round n

ew rooflights

to engineers design. Existing roof tiles to be

carefully removed for re-use for repairs and

eaves /

barge modifications.

All

associated

flashings / trim

s to be installe

d around new

rooflights.

New pressed m

etal square gutter with stiffiners

and pressed m

etal angle support / cover. N

ew

gutter to be fixed back to new stud wall roof

support. New Tegral proprietary over

eaves

ventilation spacer to be installe

d above gutter.

Existing timber

ceiling joists and existing

plasterboard ceiling to be retained. All existing

holes for services penetrations in ceiling to be

sealed. 300mm in two layers of new Knauf

Earthwool Loft R

ool 40 quilt insulation [therm

al

conductivity 0.04W/m

K] installe

d above existing

ceiling.

Intello

Plus airtightness membrane installe

dbelow e

xisting ceiling. and taped at perimeter.

New e

x. 38mm x 1

00mm tim

ber battens fixed

to ceiling joists with 100mm Kingspan K3

phenolic

insulation

between

[therm

al

conductivity 0

.02W/m

K] with 100mm K

ingspan

K18 phenolic insulation [therm

al conductivity

0.02W/m

K] backed plasterboard.

Daylight Analysis of School Retrofit

Analysis of the existing classrooms was perform

ed using

predictive software,

specifically DesignBuilder, and

average daylight factors were obtained. False colour

distribution images were also produced. The average

daylight factor result, 1.919%, needed to be greatly

improved in the proposed scheme and from the

distribution image the m

ajority of daylight falling on the

working plane was located beside the main windows.

Also it was clear after investigations that the clear storey

windows added little to the daylighting to the space.

Different options were form

ulated and then m

odelled and

simulated in the predictive software. The description of

these options and their associated results are;

• 2.635% - O

ption 1: increasing the size of the

main windows with the addition of a light shelf.

• 2.145% - Option 2: Addition of a glazed wall to

the rear wall and fully glazed corridor to allow

borrowed light to penetrate.

• 4.56% - Option 3: the addition of a large

rooflight (approx 10m

2) to the rear of the room.

In all af the above options the clear storey windows were

omitted. The distribution diagrams are shown to the right

and it is evident that all of these proposed interventions

increased the daylight provision to the space. However

there are other factors to consider in tandem with

daylighting. For example, in option 3 the size of the

rooflights require a large structural intervention and there

would considerable heat loss contribution through the

glazing and frames. An optimum solution was form

ulated

and is described to the right.

PHPP Inputs, Results

and Energy Analysis

Daylight Analysis of Existing Classroom

S C A L E: NTS

Daylight Analysis of Increased Main

Window with Light Shelf

S C A L E: NTS

Daylight Analysis of Glazed wall and

Borrowed Light from Corridor

S C A L E: NTS

Daylight Analysis of Classroom with

Large Rooflight (6.5m x 1.5m)

S C A L E: NTS

Exte

rn

al W

alls

Existing cavity wall

consisting of

existing

100mm blockwork inner and outer leaf, 7

5mm

cavity, 25mm external render finish and 25mm

scud coat and plaster skim

inner finish. Existing

cavity to be pumped with Kingspan Ecobead

Platinium

cavity

fill

insulation

[therm

al

conductivity 0.033W/m

K].

Webertherm

XM external insulation system to

be applie

d to existing external face o

f existing

cavity w

all. B

uild

-up to consist of 200mm P

IRinsulation [therm

al

conductivity 0.025w/m

K]

mechanically

fixed,

meshcloth

render

reinforcement, render

basecoat

and topcoat

with painted plain smooth finish.

Patent plaster reveal form

ed from W

eberR

end

system with meshcloth render reinforcement

with painted plain smooth finish.

Render finish stopped m

inim

um 150mm above

roof surface. Pressed m

etal drip installe

d. Roof

membrane and insulation dressed up wall.

Webertherm

XM

Render

finish

stopped

minim

um 150mm above ground surface and

drip form

ed.

Webertherm

XM Render

with

scraped finish painted dark colour on 175mm of

Kingspan

Styrozone

[therm

al

conductivity

0.031W/m

K] insulation mechanically fixed to

rising wall

to form

plin

th to perimeter

of

build

ing.

Fla

t R

oo

f

Existing insitu concrete slab and downstand

ringbeam to be retained and truncated at eaves

to engineers design and detail. E

xiting asphalt

roof finish and 1 inch cork board and plaster

skim

finish to ceiling to be retained.

New Kingspan Therm

ataper

TT46 insulation

[therm

al

conductivity

0.025W/m

K]

to

be

installe

d to existing flat roof. M

inim

um thickness

250mm. Vapour barrier to be installe

d above

existing asphalt. Sika Trocal Type S

single ply

roof membrane roof finish. Insulation laid to a

fall to gutters form

ed at perimeter with harm

er

outlets to RWPs.

New stud w

all to form

parapet. S

tud to consist

of

150mm

x

50mm

studs,

150mm

PIR

insulation betw

een and 18mm O

SB both sides.

Roof

membrane and insulation dressed up

parapet wall and a pressed m

etal capping.

Existing m

ass concrete foundations a

nd rising

walls to be retained. New 175mm Kingspan

Styrozone H

35 insulation [therm

al conductivity

0.031W/m

K] to be installe

d to both sides of

rising walls.

New D

PM / R

adon Barrier to be installe

d below

new floor. R

adon sumps to be provided w

here

required. DPM to carry u

p rising w

alls and be

chased into existing wall

at level of existing

DPC. New solid

floor to be installled throughout

consisting of timber / tiled finish on isolating

layer, 150mm concrete slab, 250 K

ingspan K

3insulation [therm

al

conductivity 0.02W/m

K],

DPM /

radon barrier

on sand blin

ding on

compacted

hardcore.

Minim

um

50mm

perimeter insulation.

150mm thick C

oncrete footpath to perimeter of

build

ing

(min

width

1.5m)

with

100mm

Kingspan Styrozone H35 insulation [therm

al

conductivity

0.031W/m

K]

below

on

sand

blin

ding.

Excavations

surrounding

existing

build

ing to be backfille

d with well

compacted

pyrite free hardcore

Solar Gain, Overheating and Shading

Existing Classroom

Average DF: 1.919%

Option 1

Average DF: 2.635%

Option 2

Average DF: 2.145%

Option 3

Average DF: 4.56%

Optimum Option - 2x Small

Rooflights + Light Shelf

Average DF: 3.165%

Systems - Mechanical Ventilation, Space and DHW Heating

Daylight Analysis of Classroom with Large

Rooflight (6.5m x 1.5m)

S C A L E: NTS

Diagram

Showing

Optimum

Daylighting

Strategy for Classroom

S C A L E: 1:100

Elements of options 1 and 3 were adapted into a

daylighting strategy for the classroom spaces. Option 2

was disregarded due to the structural and operational

problems that may have resulted.

For the classrooms with three existing south-east facing

windows, a single large opening was form

ed across the

full width of the three w

indows. In the classrooms w

ith

four existing windows the same width of opening was

used w

ith infill walls closing the remaining opening. An

internal

and external

light

shelf was introduced

approximately 2.45m above floor level. In order to avoid

structural issues two small rooflights (combined area:

3m

2) were added in place of the large 6.5m x 1.5m single

rooflight.

The diamatic section of a typical classroom shows the

theory of this daylighting strategy and the false colour

distribution map shows the simulated results for the

modelled classroom. From this simulation it can be seen

that the majority of the classroom achieves above 2%

point daylighting levels. An average daylight factor of

3.165% is achieved m

aking the classrooms a well daylit

space.

PHPP inputs for daylighting differ from this method of

daylight assessment which relies on the simple geometry

of the space and windows to be entered. The PHPP

results are shown in that section above.

Image 1

(top left) shows a

view taken from a

point

to the south of

the school after

the

proposed

retrofit.

Elements

such

as

the

increased front fenestration, lig

ht shelves,

external insulation w

ith render, n

ew p

arapets

to flat rooves and m

odified lower main roof area

can all be seen in this image.

Image 2 (top right) shows an internal view from

within a typical classroom of the school after

the proposed retrofit. Elements such as the

increased front fenestration, lig

ht shelves

and their supports,

new rooflights,

lowered

ceiling,

bright

colour

scheme,

enclosure for

ducting for

MVHR system and proposed

furniture layout are demonstrated in this image.

Image 3 (bottom right) shows an external view

of the rear elevation looking from the south east

of

the school

after

the proposed retrofit.

Elements such as the m

odified w

indow

openings, new rooflights to m

ain roof, new plant

rooms additions, new play area and access

door, new parapets to flat roof areas are shown

from this viewpoint

New footpaths to be constructed to perimeter

of building with Styrozone insulation below to

assist in the reduction of any posible therm

al

bridge to existing foundations.

Minimum

width of footpath to be 1.5m.

Surpassing EnerPHit and PassivHaus requirements in

order

to achieve certification requires a significant

contribution to space heating from solar gain whilst

providing m

eans to elim

inate overheating to a proposed

scheme. In this section diagrams have been prepared to

demonstrate the strategies employed to meet

the

requirements and provide a comfortable environment for

the building occupants.

The solar gain / shading strategy illustrated in the

diagrams to the right allows the range of the midday

solar azimuth across the year. As the diagrams show the

external light shelf and window reveal provide a large

amount of shading during m

idsummer whilst still allowing

solar

gain during the winter

months when it is

advantagous. due to the low sun angle in w

inter blinds

may be utilised on the lower portion of the window.

However

internal

shading devices,

while stopping

discomfort glare will not negate the solar gain to the

space. With the high level internal light shelf in place the

sunlight can strike the upper surface and provide gains

(and daylighting) wile providing some shading to the

classrooms.

The geometry, orientation and any additional external

obstructions of all the proposed windows in the building

are input into the PHPP file and the solar gain and

shading values for the proposed building are calculated.

The values achieved for the proposal are shown to the

right of the diagrams.

The solar gain and shading strategy for the classrooms

were

particularly

important

as

they

made

up

approximately 56% of the floor area of the building and

have south-east facing glazing. Also rooms other than

classrooms in the building generally have a lower

occupancy level.

During the PHPP evaluation of the progressive design

process a significant overheating issue was identifited

with its frequency at 15.7% when the therm

al envelope

was upgraded to passiv standards. This required a

mitigation strategy in order to meet EnerPHit standards.

The ventilation strategy illustrated in the diagram to the

right is the method chosen to overcome any issue of

overheating in the building. The classrooms have the

highest occupancy and the greatest southerly glazing

areas so it was paramount to solve the problem in these

spaces.

This was done by the introduction of

automatically opening windows and rooflights to create

a crossflow / stack ventilation effect that would provide

both daytime and night purge ventilation. As these

windows would open only a short distance (<100mm)

they can be fitted w

ith security screens to the opening

areas. Rain sensors can also be incorporated into the

rooflights. In addition to natural ventilation the M

VHR can

be set to summer bypass mode providing additional

ventilation airchanges. All other habitable rooms are

provided with manually openable windows and the

MVHR summer ventilation also.

The calculations for this strategy are carried out on the

Summvent tab in PHPP. An extract from this calculation

sheet is included to the right. This shows the definitions

for the opening windows for both daytime and night

purge ventilation.

Diagram showing Solar Gain / Shading (Summer)

S C A L E: NTS

Diagram showing Solar Gain / Shading (Winter)

S C A L E: NTS

Shading - Summer

General Shading

PHPP Table showing Shading Factors for the Glazing for

Summer and General Calculations

S C A L E: NTS

PHPP Table showing Calculation for Solar Gain for Proposal

S C A L E: NTS

Diagram showing Classroom Ventilation Strategy

S C A L E: NTS

PHPP

Extract

showing

Summer

Ventilation Calculation

S C A L E: NTS

Boile

r Location

Schematic of Proposed Space Heating Circulation and DHW Supply Systems

S C A L E: NTS

DH

W C

ylin

der

Location

Radia

tor

Locations

Space

Heating

Flo

wP

ipew

ork

Space

Heating

Retu

rnP

ipew

ork

Hot

Wate

r R

ecircula

tion

Pip

ew

ork

Space

Heating

Flo

wB

ranch P

ipew

ork

Space

Heating

Retu

rnB

ranch P

ipew

ork

Hot

Wate

r R

ecircula

tion

Bra

nch P

ipew

ork

To achieve EnerPHit certification either the annual space

heating demand must be less than 25kWh/m

2/y or the

heating load must be less than 10W/m

2. The primary

energy usage, under which DHW is counted, must be

below 132kWh/m

2/y also.

The PHPP software calculates the total fabric and

ventilation heat loss, the internal and solar gains, etc.

from the user inputs and a figure for the space heating

demand is arrived at. The DHW requirement is also

calculated from predicted demand. The efficiency factors

(boiler efficiency, pipework runs, HW storage losses,

etc.) are then appliedto this to get the final annual

heating demand figure. The relevant specification for the

efficiency factors are as follows:

• Boiler Type: Remeha Avanta 18s System

boiler with 18kW output and 92.5% seasonal

efficiency.

• Heating system: Hot water

low pressure

radiators form

the Quinn Sleive range with room

therm

ostats and TRVs. 170m total flow, return

and branch pipework distribution length

• DHW System: Hot water insulated cylinder

with pumped recirculation pipe system with

branch feeder pipes to tap openings. 115m total

circulation pipework length and 19m total branch

pipework length.

• All pipework encased in 40mm of Kingspan

Kooltherm

pipe insulation [therm

al conductivity

0.025W/mK]

A schematic of the proposed D

HW and space heating

system is shown to the right. O

n this diagram the boiler

location, hot water storage cylinder location, the main

and branch pipework runs for the DHW and space

heating systems and the nominal location of ratiators are

shown.

Mechanical

Ventilation

with

Heat

Recovery

can

contribute graetly to achieving the annual space heating

demand (<25kWh/m

2/y) or the heating load (<10W/m

2)

requirements defined in PHPP. However the operation of

the M

VHR unit will contribute to the primary energy load

(<132kWh/m

2/y). Thus an efficient system will be needed

to satisfy these requirements.

The design air flow rate is determ

ined through a

calculation involving the number

of occupants and

wetrooms in the building. For the proposed school this

was 1500m

3/h.

The noise level of the system in

operation is also a consideration for a building such as

this.

The M

VHR system chosen to be utilised in the retrofit

project was the Vent Axia S

entinal Kinetic P

lus system

and such was the air flow rate required 4 of these units

were required. The relevant specification for the M

VHR

units are as follows:

• Heat recovery efficiency: 92% (77% entered in

PHPP as it is an uncertified system)

• Electrical Efficiency: 0.38 W

h/m

3

• Operational Range: 100m

3/h to 500m

3/h (x4)

• Sound Levels (@3m): 2

4 d

B(A

) (n

orm

al),

34dB

(A)

(boost)

• Y Value of ambient and exhaust air ducts:

0.315W/mK

The proposed building is seperated into four zones with

a unit designated to each. As shown on the schematics

to the right, the flat roof ancilliary areas (zone 1) and 2

classrooms and corridor

(zone 2)

have seperate

pipework and supply and exhaust. This situation is

replicated as a mirror image on the north end of the

building.

Schematic Plan of Proposed MVHR System Supply and Extract Pipework and Diffusers

S C A L E: NTS

Specification of

Proposed DHW and

Space Heating System

Specification of Proposed Mechanical

Ventilation with Heat Recovery System

Schematic Section of Proposed MVHR System (through Plant Room)

S C A L E: NTS

Heat Exchange Unit 1 Serving Ancilliary Area

Heat Exchange Unit 2 Serving Teaching Areas

Pip

ew

ork

P

erp

indic

ula

rto

Vie

w

Heat Exchange Unit 1 Serving Ancilliary Area

Heat Exchange Unit 2 Serving Teaching Areas

To achieve EnerPHit certification certain targets for the energy erformance of a building are set in the PHPP

software. These targets are listed in the table below and the performance of both the existing and proposed

retrofit are shown. Note: the requirement is to meet either the annual space heating demand or the heating

load figures.

Achieving EnerPHIT

Annual Heating Demand

Existing Building

EnerPHIT Targets

Proposed Retrofit

25kW/m

2/y

23kW/m

2/y

Improvement

-95.7%

Heating Load

10W/m

217W/m

2-89.7%

Frequency of Overheating

<10% (@25°)

0.5%

N/A

Primary Energy

132kW/m

2/y

127kW/m

2/y

-85.1%

Air Tightness N

50

1 ac/h

1 ac/h

-90.5%

or

or

EnerPHit retrofit achieved

Yes

542kW/m

2/y

165W/m

2

0.0%

852kW/m

2/y

10.6 ac/h

This EnerPHit retrofit used many methods to achieve and surpass the minimum required values. Among the

main strategies were a major upgrade of the thermal envelope, optimised fenestration (for solar gain, shading

and daylighting), upgrading of existing mechanical and electrical systems, night purge and daytime cooling and

the introduction of mechanical ventilation with heat recovery. These items are described and specified in detail

in the other sections of this presentation. In this section the process involved in reaching EnerPHit standards

and the data obtained from the PHPP software that demonstrates the energy performance of the building will

be described.

Early design decisions were taken based on analysis of the existing building and assessing some of the

proposed strategies in both the PHPP software and with some predictive analysis (daylighting). When an

aesthetically pleasing and technically accurate design was completed the data was input into the PHPP

software incrementally (and in a series that they may be considered) and each step / improvement was

recorded. This gave a chart leading to Enerphit achievement. An abreviated version of this table is shown

below.

The Design Process

Changelog Table for PHPP Inputs

Exis

tin

g B

uild

ing

Pro

po

sed

Re

trofit

External 325mm Cavity W

all - EW1

External 440mm Cavity W

all - EW2

Ceiling below Pitched Roof

Flat Roof Construction

1.735 W/m

2K

The entire building fabric was proposed to be upgraded to increase the U-Values and to minimise / eliminate

any thermal bridges present. The specification of the construction, the detail design and LTB analysis are

shown in adjacent sections. Below is a comparative table of the U-Values achieved in the existing building and

in the proposed retrofit.

Fabric Upgrade

Solid Floor

Suspended Floor

Windows

2.56 W/m

2K

1.504 W/m

2K

0.633 W/m

2K

1.279 W/m

2K

4.095 W/m

2K

1.964 W/m

2K

0.093 W/m

2K

0.9 W/m

2K

0.093 W/m

2K

0.063 W/m

2K

0.085 W/m

2K

0.077 W/m

2K

N/A

New W

alls To Plant Room

0.091 W/m

2K

Rooflight Enclosures

0.091 W/m

2K

Comparison of U-Values - Existing to Proposed

IAB / BBA certificates for the insulation and systems used in the proposed retrofit will be included with the

submission of this project and are also available from the manufacturers websites.

The specific annual heating demand for achieving EnerPhit and Passiv Haus certification is determined within

the PHPP software using the monthly method. This section of PHPP uses climate data and occupancy

patterns, along with internal and external gains, to determine the space heating loads. The monthly method

can also be a good indicator of overheating as it can be evident on the graph when the gains exceed the heat

loss. The diagrams below taken from PHPP show the monthly heating demand for both the existing building

and proposed retrofit.

Monthly Method - Specific Annual Heating Demand

Existing Building

Proposed Retrofit (at same scale as Existing)

Proposed Retrofit

The differering scales of these graphs can be deceptive as the monthly heating demands for the existing

building range from 20kWh/m

2/month to 70kWh/m

2/month while the proposed building ranges from

6kWh/m

2/month to only 8.5kWh/m

2/month. The graph in the centre represents the proposed retrofit at the

same scale as the existing. Three key points can be gleemed from these graphs;

1) space heating is required every month in the existing and there are 5 months in the proposed

that require little or no heating.

2) Solar and internal gains make up most of the space heating demand in the proposed retrofit.

3) Gains surpass losses for five months in the proposed scheme. This requires overheating

mitigation measures to be applied as described in the relevant section below.

The heating balance charts can be a very usefull too in

analysing the internal gains, external gains, fabric losses,

ventilation losses, space heating supply, etc. The graph

provides a comparison of all the values in a single place. The

inspection of this graph lead to the process described above

in developing the retrofit strategy.

On an annual average for the retrofit scheme, internal and

solar gains can be seen to contribute more to the heating

load than the annual space heating contribution. Ventilation

is the main source of heat loss from the building, both in the

form of losses from the MVHR efficiency and from the need

to cool the building from unwanted solar gains during the

summer. It can also be observed that there is equivilent heat

loss through the windows as there is through the walls and

roof combined.

For the existing building, a very different profile is evident.

Large amounts of heat loss is evident through the walls and

ceilings / roofs. This is why a large proportion of the retrofit

strategy aimed at remediating this heat loss. The ventilation

heat losses also required carefull attention and led to the

selection of an efficient heatrecovery ventilation system. It

can be seen that the internal gains ar the same as in the

proposed retrofit at 14.7kWh/m

2/annum and the solar gains

are within 2.4kWh/m

2/annum but they barely make a dent in

the overall space heating demand.

Heating Ballance - Gains -v- Losses

Existing Building

Proposed Retrofit (at same scale as Existing)

Proposed Retrofit

Legend

The differering scales of these graphs can also be deceptive

as they remain the same size despite the existing graph

stretching to over 450kWh/m

2/annum while the proposed

graph barely reaches 60kWh/m

2/annum. The graph below

represents the proposed retrofit at the same scale as the

existing.

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