Proposal to Encode Nautical Chart Symbols Used in Running Text
Transcript of Proposal to Encode Nautical Chart Symbols Used in Running Text
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Proposal to Encode Nautical Chart Proposal to Encode Nautical Chart S b l U d i R i T tS b l U d i R i T tSymbols Used in Running TextSymbols Used in Running Text
This document is still under revision. Please do not distribute or make
Asmus Freytag, Michel Suignard (SEI),
PhotoBrianna Freytag
PhotoBrianna Freytag
public an unfinished document.Eberhard R. Hilf (ISN), Karl Pentzlin (DIN)
A quick overview of the proposal and background on nautical symbols
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The Case For EncodingThe Case For Encoding
Nautical Chart Symbols are:aut ca C a t Sy bo s a e:• In ongoing current use• Used in some form world wideUsed in some form world wide• Used regularly in running textThis proposal is concerned with those charactersThis proposal is concerned with those characters that have been found in running text.These slides explain the notational conventions for pnautical symbols as they apply to this subset and how the repertoire for this proposal was selected.
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A Nautical ChartA Nautical Chart
This is the chart for the location on the title slide.While most of the chart is a line drawing, buoys, lights and landmarks are shown as symbols
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Symbols Plotted in ChartsSymbols Plotted in Charts
BRB
G
G
R Excerpt from a German chart, with symbols used in it4
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Symbols In Running TextSymbols In Running TextWhen charts need updating, symbols aid in describing the corrections.
Examples from weekly chart updates called “Notices to Mariners” 5
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Where Symbols Appear in TextWhere Symbols Appear in Text
• As Part of (weekly) Chart Update NoticesAs Part of (weekly) Chart Update Notices
• Published weekly on websites (HTML, PDF)
bli h d b h i ( i )• Republished by other nations (at times)
• Distributed to ships via commercial service
• Republished monthly in boating magazines
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Which Symbols Appear in Text?Which Symbols Appear in Text?
• Buoys and BeaconsBuoys and Beacons
• Daymarks
i h S d d
Z [ M ] Y Í Î
• Lights, Sound, Radar
• Landmarks for Navigation õ ù ú û ü• Rocks and Obstructions
• Areas and Limitsø ® ¬ ² ³ 12&, « . /
Areas and Limits
etc.
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…and which normally do not?…and which normally do not?
• VegetationVegetation
• Nature of the Coastline
l l• Cultural Features
• Port Facilities
etc.
Update information might instead be given by text description or by a drawingtext description, or by a drawing.
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Nautical Symbols Usage ConventionsNautical Symbols Usage Conventions
• More a “notation” like math than emojiMore a notation like math than emoji
floating marks use inclined symbols
fi d k i h b lBCI
þfixed marks use upright symbols
starboard vs. port hand sideKLþ
depth values use oblique/italic digits
“colors” and “topmarks” have15! 0"
\ Y X § ¤colors and topmarks have defined meanings– see examples on next slide
\ Y X § ¤
– see examples on next slide
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Conventions for Topmarks and ColorsConventions for Topmarks and Colors
topmark
colorcolor
IALA defined conventions for Cardinal Marks and Other Marks10
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Compound SymbolsCompound SymbolsRadar‐reflector
Radio Feature Position Circle
Topmark
BaseLightSound
Color of Buoy
Topmarks, colors, lights, sound and other features can be realized with combining marks and overlays.g yBases, colors and topmarks come both inclined and upright.
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How are Symbols Used?How are Symbols Used?
• Simple and common symbols are handledSimple and common symbols are handled with font technology
• Including standard compounds (overlays)• Including standard compounds (overlays)
• Rare or complex symbols are handled as d i i li “bl k” ( h l )drawings, inline or as “block” (chartlet)
• Contours, vegetation, ports, cultural features are consistently not part of textual updates– Type of zones and limits are shown with symbols
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Simple↔ ComplexSimple ↔ Complex
Germany: graphics for > 2 directions
This common form uses a glyph
UK: descriptive textfor > 2 directionsfor > 2 directions
Symbol can be associated with 1, 2 or more vessel directions.Only the forms for 1 and 2 directions are needed as characters.
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More on Symbol Use in NoticesMore on Symbol Use in Notices
• Each Hydrographic Office consistently usesEach Hydrographic Office consistently uses one set of symbols as glyphs in running text
• Each uses international and national symbolsEach uses international and national symbols• Some use glyphs (symbols) more aggressively, some never use them (empty set)some never use them (empty set)
• Some use inline drawings as well as symbols, some do notsome do not
• Some get publication/technical assistance from other officesfrom other offices
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Key Aspects Of “Legacy” UseKey Aspects Of Legacy Use
• Shared Font– Used in preparing original reports in PDF or HTML– Distributed to allow viewing reports in HTMLU d b thi d t ft t h t d t– Used by third‐party software to manage chart updatesDe facto compatibility set
• HTML format viewable with standard browsersHTML format viewable with standard browsers• No special‐purpose layout support
– Font uses combining glyphs for topmarks, colors, obstructions
Chars from this font form the repertoire’s core
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Plain or Rich Text?Plain or Rich Text?
Notices to Mariners are formatted documentsNotices to Mariners are formatted documents
They use “vanilla” rich text features
h h l i “b kb ”They have a plain‐text “backbone”
They don’t assume special layout engine
HTML versions are viewable on all browsers– (fonts can be downloaded & don’t use OpenType)( o s ca be do oaded & do use Ope ype)
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Who Defines Nautical Symbols?Who Defines Nautical Symbols?
• Internat Hydgrographic Organization (IHO)Internat. Hydgrographic Organization (IHO)– Charged with developing common chart format
Chart INT 1* contains listing of symbols– Chart INT‐1* contains listing of symbols
• National Hydrographic Offices( )– Define national symbols (compatibility)
– Issue charts and “Notices to Mariners”
– Issue translations of INT 1 showing local symbols• Some countries reference the INT 1 of others
*) The IHO version is more like a template for the national versions 17
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Symbols for ObstructionsSymbols for Obstructions
• Dotted outline means “significant elevation above the seafloor”• Overbar, underbracket shows how depth was measured
I 16! Wk→ I ,Wk
• Outlined depth is implemented today with simple sequence
å
²
Insert 16!, Wk → Insert 16!,Wk
Depths are oblique, subscripts (f h f )are minor units (fathoms, feet)
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Obstructions (cont’d)Obstructions (cont d)
• These characters form a series of symbols for rocks,These characters form a series of symbols for rocks, wrecks, obstructions and fish farms
å . ¬ ² ´
Th å h i t t i b t th
å¯.³¬/²^´ÀÁËÌ
• The å has a consistent meaning, but on the character level, it is not a combining character– The å does not surround the ¯ ³ / characters as they are– The å does not surround the ¯ ³ / characters as they are– Surrounds smaller versions of these shapes
– Wrecks and fish havens use an oval outline instead
– The å is not productive. The set is fixed and small19
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Deemed Not UnifiableDeemed Not Unifiable
• Superficial similarities with existing charactersp g
• But: representing entirely unrelated function+ different style size and/or vertical alignment+ different style, size and/or vertical alignment
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RepertoireRepertoire
• Superset of fonts officially distributed for viewingSuperset of fonts officially distributed for viewing of FR and UK Notices– Precomposed removedPrecomposed removed
– Duplicates removed
– Obvious unifications with existing chars removedg
• Survey of German and other Countries’ Notices+ Additional base and combining charactersAdditional base and combining characters
– Complex symbols not added
We have received an offer of official verificationWe have received an offer of official verification
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NamesNames
• Names are based on description in INT‐1Names are based on description in INT 1
• Except:INT 1 b l i l t t– INT‐1 uses some symbols in several contexts
– IHO S‐57 provides a name for the symbol as suchl POSITION CIRCLE• example: POSITION CIRCLE
– Unicode conventions for BLACK / WHITE used
T k d b h i 2 D– Topmarks named by shape in 2‐D appearance• TWO BLACK CIRCLES, not TWO BLACK BALLS
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