Proposal for FTF measurements on dipole magnets in the tunnel during the Christmas break Emmanuele...
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Transcript of Proposal for FTF measurements on dipole magnets in the tunnel during the Christmas break Emmanuele...
Proposal for FTF measurementson dipole magnets in the tunnel
during the Christmas break
Emmanuele Ravaioli
TE-MPE-TM08-12-2011
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 2
Background
• It has been observed that after a Fast Power Abort the two apertures of about 50% of the dipoles in every RB circuit behave differently (unbalanced dipoles). This phenomenon caused problems at the beginning of 2010, when modifications to the QPS were required in order to avoid spurious QPS quenches.
• A PSpice electrical model of the RB circuit is available. It simulates accurately the behavior of any dipole in the 8 sectors, and it was used to successfully reproduce unusual events (AUG event, ungrounding of the RB chain during ElQA tests).
• Nevertheless, a few questions remain:
• How do the apertures of the unbalanced dipoles behave at different frequencies? The PSpice model is validated only for frequencies close to 28.5 Hz (frequency of the filter at the output of the power converter).
• What is the origin of such a phenomenon? Why does it peak at 2 kA?
• Spare dipoles are being tested in SM18 in order to investigate the phenomenon, but there is no prove that they are unbalanced.
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 3
Summary of the results of the FTF in SM18
1. Frequency Transfer Function of MB1089 is now available in a wide frequency range (10 mHz – 50 kHz) and under different conditions. With these new data, it will be possible to extend the validity of the electrical model of a dipole to a wider frequency range.
2. The dipoles MB1089 and MB2431 are not unbalanced dipoles. No difference between the FTF of their two apertures have been observed in the relevant frequency range (10-200 Hz).
3. The influence of the current level is important only at low frequency (< 50 Hz). Nevertheless, a relevant current effect was to be expected only for the unbalanced dipoles, whose unbalance peaks at 2 kA.
4. The inductance of a dipole at low current (< 300-500 A) is about 80% of the nominal value. This is evident both from the FTF performed in SM18 and from PM Browser data referred to a typical LHC ramp.
More details here:Measurement of the Frequency Transfer Function of the MB1089 - Ravaioli
Results – FTF – Is MB1089 an unbalanced dipole? Gain
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 4
0 A Without 100 Ω resistor in parallel to the dipole Apertures
Results – FTF – Is MB1089 an unbalanced dipole? Phase
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 5
0 A Without 100 Ω resistor in parallel to the dipole Apertures
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 6
Proposal for the Christmas break 2011-12Measuring the Frequency Transfer Function of 4-6 selected dipoles in the tunnel (at 1.9 K and at zero current) and of their apertures individually.
1. Verifying the existence of the so-called “unbalanced dipoles“, whose apertures have different AC behavior (in particular in the frequency range 10-200 Hz). The two dipoles tested so far in SM18 are perfectly balanced (MB1089, MB2431).
2. If they do exist, obtaining detailed information about their behavior in a wide range of frequency (10 mHz – 200 Hz). The present PSpice electrical model reproduces correctly the AC behavior of the apertures of balanced and unbalanced dipoles, but is validated only for transients with frequency of about 28.5 Hz (frequency of the filter at the output of the power converter).
3. In any case, acquiring more statistics about the different AC behavior of different dipoles. The available data are mainly referred to pre-series dipoles or to first dipoles of a series (X001).
Goals of the tests
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 7
Details about the FTF measurements• Gain-Phase analyzer (Powertek GP102)• Current injected from the diode current-taps EE012
and EE013 (< 1 A)• Voltages measured through voltage-taps EE112,
EE219, EE113, EE211, EE219, and EE212 (patches needed)• Time required: 1 QPS 2 hours for installing the
patches. ER 8 hours for performing the tests. 1 QPS 2 hours for taking out the patches.
• Flexibility: There are interesting unbalanced dipoles to test in any sector.
Limitations• The huge capacitance to ground of the rest of the dipole chain (~46 μF) will
affect the results at high frequency.• The presence of the 100 Ω resistor in parallel to the dipoles will affect the
results for frequencies >~200 Hz.• The expected difference between the impedance at 28.5 Hz of a balanced and a
highly unbalanced aperture is about 10%. It is enough to be spotted in SM18, not sure in the tunnel.
Annex
8Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011
Most slides from:
LHC-CM 2011-11-11 Ravaioli
Measurement of the Frequency Transfer Function of the MB1089 - Ravaioli
Dipole Voltage Taps
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 9
Courtesy of Guy Deferne
Distribution of dipoles of all the 8 sectors of the LHC
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 10
Max amplitude of QS_0 after PC switch-off: Difference between measurement and balanced case
Distribution of dipoles of all the 8 sectors of the LHC
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 11
Max amplitude of QS_0 after PC switch-off: Difference between measurement and balanced case
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 12
Setup of the measurement systemsCONFIGURATION 1 (C1)Direct measurement with Gain-Phase analyzer (Solartron 1260A or Powertek GP102). Power provided by a generator controlled by the GPA.
CONFIGURATION 2 (C2)13kA-200V power converter controlled by the Gain-Phase analyzer (GP102)
CONFIGURATION 3 (C3)13kA-200V power converter provides the DC current; 60A-08V power converter provides the AC voltage, controlled by the Gain-Phase analyzer (GP102). Current measured through the DCCT signal, filtered of its DC component and amplified by 1000 times.
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 13
List of performed measurements
Date Current Frequency Range Notes
11 /10/2011 0 A 100 mHz – 20 kHzDirect measurement with Gain-Phase analyzer (Solartron 1260A). Power provided by a generator controlled by the GPA. With 100 Ω resistor in parallel to the dipole. (C1)
16-18/11/2011 0 A 50 mHz – 50 kHz (2 MHz*)Direct measurement with Gain-Phase analyzer (Powertek GP102Power provided by a generator controlled by the GPA. Without parallel resistor. (C1)
30/11-01/12 /2011 120 A – 2 kA 10 mHz – 30 Hz 13kA-200V power converter controlled by the Gain-Phase analyzer (GP102). Without parallel resistor. (C2)
4-9/11/2011 50 A – 6 kA 30 Hz – 200 Hz (2 kHz**)
13kA-200V power converter provides the DC current.60A-08V power converter provides the AC voltage, controlled by the Gain-Phase analyzer (GP102).Current measured through the DCCT signal, filtered of its DC component and amplified by 1000 times.With and without parallel resistor. (C3)
* Maximum measured frequency, but data not valid due to capacitive effects which may come from the measurement system** Maximum measured frequency, but data not valid due to inadequate response of the power converter (it cannot follow!)
28/11-01/12 /2011 0 A – 6 kA ---Measures of the voltage across the dipole and the current flowing through it during various ramps, in order to measure the real inductance of the dipole. (C2)
Results – Frequency Transfer Function of a dipole Gain
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 14
Configuration 1 0 A With and without parallel resistor
Results – Frequency Transfer Function of a dipole Phase
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 15
Configuration 1 0 A With and without parallel resistor
Results – FTF – Comparison with old SM18 data Gain
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 16
Configuration 1 0 A Without parallel resistor
Results – FTF – Comparison with old SM18 data Phase
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 17
Configuration 1 0 A Without parallel resistor
Results – FTF – Dependence on the current level Gain
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Configuration 2 120 A – 2 kA Without parallel resistor Low f
Results – FTF – Dependence on the current level Gain
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 19
Configuration 3 1 kA – 6 kA Without parallel resistor High f
Results – FTF – Is MB1089 an unbalanced dipole? Gain
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 20
Configuration 1 0 A Without parallel resistor Apertures
Results – FTF – Is MB1089 an unbalanced dipole? Phase
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 21
Configuration 1 0 A Without parallel resistor Apertures
Results – Inductance of a dipole (from PM Browser!) -1
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V_meas, I_meas, dI_meas/dt, L during a typical LHC ramp to 2 kA
Results – Inductance of a dipole (from PM Browser!) -2
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 23
L of a single dipole during a typical LHC ramp to 2 kA
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Short-term proposals• FTF of the two apertures at low frequency and high current (C2) Before 17/12
• FTF at high current (6 – 12 kA) (C2-C3) Before 17/12
• Series of tests on new spare dipoles (C1-C2-C3)
Ready: 1088. Available in the future: 3128, 3110 (Jan-12); 2194 (mid-12); 1109, 1235 (after).
Christmas break proposals• FTF of selected dipoles (mostly unbalanced). Using a Gain-Phase analyzer,
injecting current from the diode voltage-taps, and measuring the voltage across the two apertures through the dipole voltage-taps (patch needed). (C1) Feasible?
Long term proposals• Series of tests on the dipoles taken out from the tunnel during LS1 (C1-C2-C3)
Provisional list: 1007, 2007, 2138, 2214, 2413 (sure); 1263, 1372, 2252, 2336, 2353, 2357, 2372, 2373, 2377, 2387, 2395, 2413, 2438, 3708. (highly unbalanced)
• Writing a procedure for FTF tests to be performed on each new dipole that arrives in SM18 (wider range of frequency; different current levels; compare apertures).
Simulation of the electrical behavior of the LHC dipole circuits
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 25
For more info:• TE-Magnet-Seminary - Circuit simulations of the main LHC dipoles and the case of the 'unbalanced' dipoles – Ravaioli• 5JO-3_Ravaioli_20110916• Modeling of the voltage waves in the LHC main dipole circuits
Model of a dipole
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 26
For more info:• 5JO-3_Ravaioli_20110916• Modeling of the voltage waves in the LHC main dipole circuits
Eddy Currents in the coils
Magnetization Effects
Parasitic Coil-to-Ground Capacitance
Inhomogeneous AC behavior of the two
apertures of the dipole
Different frequency response
Phase-velocity of the wave changing along the
dipole chain
Each aperture shifts the wave of a different angle
L = Laperture = 49 mHC = Cground = 150 nFRp = Rparallel = 100 ΩCp = 1 pF (for the moment)
k = 0.757 Ω < R1,2 < 10 Ω
Parasitic Turn-to-Turn Capacitance
Frequency Transfer Function
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 27
Example: L = 2*Laperture = 98 mH C = 2*Cground = 300 nFR = Rparallel = 100 Ω
Matlab applicationfor the study of the parameters
of the proposed modelof a dipole aperture
Impedance of a stand-alone aperture model: (C/2) // [ (1-k)*L + (k*L // R) ] (second Z/2 bypassed by a short-circuit)
Impedance of a series of aperture models: (Cp, Rp ignored here for simplicity)
(C/2) // ∑Nmodules [ (1-k)*L + (k*L // R) ] + C // [ (1-k)*L + (k*L // R) ]
Developing of a new electrical model of a dipole -1
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 28
1. The measured Frequency Transfer Function (FTF) is not fitting with the expected one, and corresponds to parameters different from the nominal ones:
• L 49 mH → 35 mH • k 0.75 → 0.45-0.55• Rparallel 100 Ω → 80 Ω • R 10 Ω → 30 Ω
• The shape of the measured Frequency Transfer Function does not correspond to the expected curve calculated with the adopted electrical model.
Possible explanation: The model has been tailored on the measurements during Fast Power Aborts, when the main excitation frequency is ~28.5 Hz. Therefore it is possible that the model fits well the behavior of the dipoles, but only around 30 Hz. (see the qualitative example below: measurement, old model, new model)
Developing of a new electrical model of a dipole -2
Emmanuele Ravaioli TE-MPE-TM 08-12-2011 29
• Development of a new electrical model of the dipole apertures, fitting their behavior in a wider range of frequency, and test of its capability to simulate the actual behavior of the dipole circuit. Such a model could be developed by fitting the curve of the impedance of an aperture without Rparallel , and may include the splitting of the inductance in 3 parts (4 free parameters: k1, k2, R1, R2). Fitting already started with Matlab.