Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in...

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Properties of Solutions

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Transcript of Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in...

Page 1: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Properties of Solutions

Page 2: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

A Solution is

• A homogeneous mixture

• The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Page 3: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Gas solution…

• Air is a homogeneous solution of different gases:

Nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide….etc.

Page 4: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Solid Solution

• Metals are often mixed together to form a solid solution called an ALLOY

• Brass is a solid solution of zinc and copper

Page 5: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Liquid Solution

• Most of the solutions in Chemistry are in the liquid phase

• Most common solution is a solid substance dissolved in a liquid

Page 6: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Liquid Solution = solvent + solute

Solute is the solid (present in small amounts)

Solvent is the liquid (present in large amounts)

When the 2 are mixed, the final result is a solution

Page 7: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Liquid Solution = solvent + solute

Page 8: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Solvents

• The most common solvent is water. It is often called the Universal Solvent. Many (but not all!) substances will dissolve in water

Can you think of a substance that does NOT dissolve in water?

Page 9: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Aqueous Solutions

• A solution made with water as the solvent is called an aqueous solution (aq)

NaCl (s) Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)

A salt water solution

Page 10: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Solvents

• There are solvents other than water. These are often used to dissolve substances that do not dissolve in water.

• Can you think of a type of solvent besides water?

Page 11: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

What do liquid solutions look like?

1) homogeneous mixtures

2) Clear, not cloudy

3) May have color

4) The solute does not settle to the bottom

5) Pass through filters

Page 12: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Are these solutions?

Page 13: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Are these solutions?

Page 14: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Solubility

Substances that dissolve easily are called SOLUBLE

Salt is soluble in water

Page 15: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Solubility

Substances that do not dissolve easily are called insoluble

Nickel is insoluble in water

Page 16: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Factors that influence solubility

Why are some substances soluble in water, but not in other liquids?

Why are some substances not soluble in water?

What can be done to make a substance dissolve more easily?

It helps to understand what controls solubility….

Page 17: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Factors that influence solubility

#1 TEMPERATURE

As temperature increases, most solids become more soluble in water.

Ex. Sugar in ice tea vs. hot tea

Page 18: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Factors that influence solubility

#1 TEMPERATURE

As temperature increases, most gases become less soluble in water.

Ex. The carbon dioxide (fizz) in cold soda vs. hot soda

Page 19: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Factors that influence solubility

#2 Pressure

As pressure increases, most gases become more soluble in water.

Ex. The carbon dioxide (fizz) in soda in a pressurized can vs. soda that has been left open (goes “flat” at low pressure)

Page 20: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Factors that influence solubility

#2 Pressure

PRESSURE HAS NO EFFECT ON LIQUID OR SOLID SOLUTES!!!

Page 21: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Factors that influence solubility

#3 The Nature of the solute and solvent

where “like” refers to the polarity of the molecule

Page 22: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Factors that influence solubility

#3 The Nature of the solute and solvent

POLAR solvents dissolve POLAR solutes

(Polar includes ionic compounds)

Page 23: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Factors that influence solubility

#3 The Nature of the solute and solvent

POLAR solvents dissolve POLAR solutes

So ionic NaCl will dissolve in polar water

Page 24: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

What is going on at the molecular level when a polar substance

dissolves?

The polar water moleculepulls apart the ioniccompound into anions andcations

If you evaporate away thewater, the Na and Cl willjoin together again to makeNaCl (s)

Na+ Cl-

Page 25: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

For this to happen, theattraction between the positive end of the watermolecule and the negativeion must be STRONGERthan the attraction betweenthe positive and negative ion.

Na+ Cl-

Page 26: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)
Page 27: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Factors that influence solubility

#3 The Nature of the solute and solvent

NON POLAR solvents dissolve NON POLAR solutes

Non polar solvents and solutes simply mix together

Page 28: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Factors that influence solubility

#3 The Nature of the solute and solvent

fats and oil are non polar

Oil (non polar) will not dissolve

in water (polar)

Page 29: Properties of Solutions. A Solution is A homogeneous mixture The substances in the mixture are in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

Soaps

Soaps are long molecules that have a polar end and a non polar end

Grease (non polar) does not dissolve in water alone (polar), but if soap is added, the grease will dissolve in the non polar end of the soap. The polar end of the soap allows it to dissolve in the water, washing away the grease


UNIT 4 EXTENSION Solutions and Solubility. What is a solution? solution homogeneous A solution is a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances. evenly.

UNIT 4 EXTENSION Solutions and Solubility. What is a solution? solution homogeneous A solution is a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances. evenly.

Unit Eleven: Solutions. Solutions A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances ▫Homogeneous – uniform characteristics throughout ▫Heterogeneous.

Unit Eleven: Solutions. Solutions A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances ▫Homogeneous – uniform characteristics throughout ▫Heterogeneous.

Solutions Solution- A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, the composition of which may vary. Homogenous- Composition is uniform, cannot.

Solutions Solution- A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, the composition of which may vary. Homogenous- Composition is uniform, cannot.

Solutions Ask a chemist, they always have. Definitions Mixture: several pure substances mixed together in an indefinite ratio Homogeneous Homogeneous.

Solutions Ask a chemist, they always have. Definitions Mixture: several pure substances mixed together in an indefinite ratio Homogeneous Homogeneous.

Solution Definition of Solution It is a homogeneous mixture of substances. It is a mixture that has the same properties throughout.

Solution Definition of Solution It is a homogeneous mixture of substances. It is a mixture that has the same properties throughout.

CMH 121 Luca Preziati Chapter 6: Solutions A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. In such a mixture, a solute is dissolved.

CMH 121 Luca Preziati Chapter 6: Solutions A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. In such a mixture, a solute is dissolved.

Solutions. Solutions What are solutions? a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances; the different substances cannot be mechanically separated.

Solutions. Solutions What are solutions? a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances; the different substances cannot be mechanically separated.

Solutions CPS Chemistry. Definitions Solutions A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase Soluble Capable of being dissolved.

Solutions CPS Chemistry. Definitions Solutions A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase Soluble Capable of being dissolved.

Solution Homogeneous mixture in a single phase.. Classification of Matter Matter Pure Substances ElementsCompounds Mixtures Homogeneous Mixtures Heterogeneous.

Solution Homogeneous mixture in a single phase.. Classification of Matter Matter Pure Substances ElementsCompounds Mixtures Homogeneous Mixtures Heterogeneous.

Characteristics of solutions Solution – homogeneous mixture Solution – homogeneous mixture a) parts of a solution i) solute – substance being dissolved.

Characteristics of solutions Solution – homogeneous mixture Solution – homogeneous mixture a) parts of a solution i) solute – substance being dissolved.

Aqueous Solutions and Concentration. A. Definitions Solution - homogeneous mixture Solution - homogeneous mixture Solvent - present in greater amount.

Aqueous Solutions and Concentration. A. Definitions Solution - homogeneous mixture Solution - homogeneous mixture Solvent - present in greater amount.

Solutions A homogeneous (uniform) mixture that contains a solvent and at least one solute Solvent = dissolves the other substances (Ex. water)

Solutions A homogeneous (uniform) mixture that contains a solvent and at least one solute Solvent = dissolves the other substances (Ex. water)

Pure Substances, Mixtures, and Solutionsphhsicpchemistry.weebly.com/.../icpchem_pure_substances_mixtures_and_solutions_pdf.pdfHomogeneus mixtures Homogeneous mixtures : is a mixture

Pure Substances, Mixtures, and Solutionsphhsicpchemistry.weebly.com/.../icpchem_pure_substances_mixtures_and_solutions_pdf.pdfHomogeneus mixtures Homogeneous mixtures : is a mixture

Solutions. Definitions Solution: homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances in a single physical state Solute: the substance dissolved in the solution.

Solutions. Definitions Solution: homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances in a single physical state Solute: the substance dissolved in the solution.

Solution A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

Solution A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

Snowflake Crystals. Solution Homogeneous mixture where one or more substances are dissolved in another substance Solute- thing that’s getting dissolved.

Snowflake Crystals. Solution Homogeneous mixture where one or more substances are dissolved in another substance Solute- thing that’s getting dissolved.

II III I Topic 7 Solutions. Solutions A solution is a homogeneous mixture of substances in the same physical state Homogeneous means the particles.

II III I Topic 7 Solutions. Solutions A solution is a homogeneous mixture of substances in the same physical state Homogeneous means the particles.

Classifying Matter Quiz Page 35. 1. a) element b) compound c) Homogeneous Mixture d) Heterogeneous Mixture 1. a) element b) compound c) Homogeneous Mixture.

Classifying Matter Quiz Page 35. 1. a) element b) compound c) Homogeneous Mixture d) Heterogeneous Mixture 1. a) element b) compound c) Homogeneous Mixture.

Properties of Solutions Chemical reactions often occur in _________ – a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. The solute is the substance preset.

Properties of Solutions Chemical reactions often occur in _________ – a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. The solute is the substance preset.

Solutions A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

Solutions A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.