Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous...
-
Upload
robyn-valerie-higgins -
Category
Documents
-
view
223 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous...
![Page 1: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Properties of Matter
MSFWBAT:• differentiate among element, compound, homo- and
hetero-genous mixtures• describe the arrangement and distances among
particles in the solid, liquid, and gas state• differentiate between chemically bonded and
physically blended
![Page 2: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Drill – 9/27
• What is matter?• What are the phases of matter?
![Page 3: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
MatterHas mass and Takes up space
Can only be Separated Chemically, uniform and definite composition
Can be separatedPhysically, not definitecomposition
cannot be Separated intoSimpler substance
Contains two Or more elements
Uniform throughout
Not uniformthroughout
![Page 4: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
WS:
![Page 5: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Gas
assumes the shape and volume of its container
particles can move past one another
compressible -lots of free space between particles
flows easily particles can move past one another
Liquid
assumes the shape of the part of the container which it occupies
particles can move/slide past one another
not easily compressible little free space between particles
flows easily particles can move/slide past one another
Solid
retains a fixed volume and shape rigid - particles locked into place
not easily compressible little free space between particles
does not flow easily rigid - particles cannot move/slide past one another
![Page 6: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
States of Matter
Deposition
![Page 7: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Drill 9.28
• What factor(s) dictate what particular phase a substance exists in?
• 1. temperature (which is relative speed of particles of the substance)
• 2. pressure • 3. distance between particles (can be related to
pressure, but is not the same thing here)• Any change to these variables can (theoretically)
cause a phase change in any kind of matter
![Page 8: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
9.28
• a. distinguish between physical and chemical properties
• b. contrast physical and chemical changes• c. use law of cons of mass and energy to prove
that mass remains constant during both physical and chemical changes
![Page 9: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Physical & Chemical Properties!
• Physical properties: Do not change the chemical nature of matter
• Chemical properties: Do change the chemical nature of matter
![Page 10: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Properties of Matter• Physical Properties– Characteristics of a substance that can be observed or
measured without changing the substance’s composition
– Types of Physical Properties:color solubility mass magnetismodor hardness densitymelting point electrical conductivityboiling point
![Page 11: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Properties of Matter• Chemical Properties– describe chemical changes of a substance
– Types of Chemical Propertiesrust rot decomposeferment grow
![Page 12: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Classify the following as chemical or physical properties
• Freezing point• Leaves rot• A nail rusts• Water turns to steam• Something dissolves• It explodes• Reacts to form a gas• Try some more on the next slide
![Page 13: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• It reacts to form carbon dioxide• It smells bad• It is shiny• It is cut in half• Tastes sweet• A candle melts• A balloon is blown up with air• It burns• Red color
![Page 14: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Physical & Chemical Changes
• In a physical change, nothing new is created, the matter has just changed to another phase, separated or combined.
• In a chemical change, the substances are altered chemically and display different physical and chemical properties after the change.
![Page 15: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Changes in MatterPhysical Changes
- changes which do not alter the identity of a substance
Types of Physical Changescrush or tear
changes in state (between solid/liquid/gas)
![Page 16: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Changes in Matter
Chemical Changes- changes (reactions) which alter the identity of a substance
**After a chemical change occurs a new substance is formed**
Types of Chemical Changesburning cooking
chemical reaction with another substance
![Page 17: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Physical Separations
• Predict how to separate each of the following heterogeneous mixtures:– Salt and pepper– Sand and iron filings– Mud (dirt from the water)– Fruit salad (the different types of fruit)
![Page 18: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Focusing questions
• Indicate if the following are physical or chemical changes:
1. Wood burning2. Plants growing3. Cutting paper4. Ice melting
![Page 19: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• “Separate This” WS
![Page 20: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Techniques for Physical Separations
• Filtration• Evaporation• Centrifugation• Chromatography• Decantation• Crystallization• Distillation
Filtration Evaporation Centrifugation Chromatography Decantation Crystallization Distillation
![Page 21: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Filtration
• A mixture is poured into a funnel fitted with a piece of filter paper.
• Used for beer production and tap water (to remove solid impurities)
![Page 22: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Evaporation
• A homogenous mixture is heated so that the water evaporates and just leaves the solid behind
![Page 23: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Centrifugation• Really fast spinning
forces the solid or denser substance to the bottom of a sample
![Page 24: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Chromatography• A mixture is allowed to move along a fixed
material. The components of the mixture move at different speeds (based on their attraction to the solvent and the material) and so they separate from each other.
![Page 25: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Decantation• Let the solid settle and then
pour off the liquid, using something to block the solid
![Page 26: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Crystallization
• The process of forming crystals. Used to separate solids from solution.
![Page 27: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
DistillationWhen a solution is heated, the liquid with a lower boiling point evaporates. The hot vapor that formed can be condensed back to liquid again on a cold surface. EVAPORATION + CONDENSATION
![Page 28: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Chemical Separations
• Electrolysis• Chemical Reactions• Decomposition
![Page 29: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
ElectrolysisUsing electric current to force a chemical reaction with a separation occurring at the electrodes
![Page 30: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Focusing question
• How would you separate a mixture of salt, sand, iron filings, ethanol and water into each of the components?
![Page 31: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy
• Matter and energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only changed in form.
![Page 32: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Energy
• Energy is the capacity to do work or to produce heat
• Forms of Energy
– Potential – stored energy– Kinetic – energy of motion
![Page 33: Properties of Matter MSFWBAT: differentiate among element, compound, homo- and hetero-genous mixtures describe the arrangement and distances among particles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b3f7f8b9ab0599a0522/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Measuring EnergyA calorie is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 Celsius degree
1 cal = 1 gram x 1 C0
The SI unit of energy is the joule (J)
1 cal = 4.184 J