Properties of Liquids Surface tension is the resistance of a liquid to an increase in its surface...
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Transcript of Properties of Liquids Surface tension is the resistance of a liquid to an increase in its surface...
![Page 1: Properties of Liquids Surface tension is the resistance of a liquid to an increase in its surface area. Strong intermolecular forces (polar molecules)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/5697c0231a28abf838cd3f80/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Properties of Liquids
Surface tension is the resistance of a liquid to an increase in its surface area.Strong intermolecular forces (polar molecules)
High surface tension
To increase a liquid’s surface area, molecules must move from the interior of the liquid to the surface. Requires energy since intermolecular forces must be overcome.
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Properties of Liquids
Cohesion is the intermolecular attraction between like molecules
Adhesion is an attraction between unlike molecules
Adhesion
Cohesion
attracted to glass
attracted to each other
Capillary action – spontaneous rising of a liquid in a narrow tube.
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Properties of Liquids
Viscosity is a measure of a liquid’s resistance to flow.
Strong intermolecular forces
High viscosity
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Two categories
•Amorphous solids – considerable disorder in their structures.
•Crystalline solids – highly regular arrangement of their components.•Lattice – three dimensional system of points designating the positions of the components that make up the crystal.•Unit Cell – smallest repeating unit of a lattice.
At lattice points:
• Atoms
• Molecules
• Ions
Unit cells in 3 dimensionsUnit Cell
latticepoint
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Types of Crystalline Solids
Ionic Solids – Ion-Ion interactions are the strongest (including the “intermolecular forces” (H bonding, etc.)
• Lattice points occupied by ions• Held together by electrostatic attraction• Hard, brittle, high melting point• Poor conductor of heat and electricity
CsCl ZnS CaF2
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Types of Crystalline Solids
Network Atomic Solids – Stronger than IM forces but generally weaker than ion-ion
• Lattice points occupied by atoms• Held together by covalent bonds• Hard, high melting point• Poor conductor of heat and electricity
diamond graphite
carbonatoms
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Types of Crystalline Solids
Metallic Atomic Solid – Typically weaker than covalent, but can be in the low end of covalent
• Lattice points occupied by metal atoms• Held together by metallic bonds• Soft to hard, low to high melting point• Good conductors of heat and electricity
Cross Section of a Metallic Crystalnucleus &inner shell e-
mobile “sea”of e-
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Types of Crystalline Solids
Molecular Crystals• Lattice points occupied by molecules• Held together by intermolecular forces• Soft, low melting point• Poor conductor of heat and electricity
Sulfur crystals
Phosphoruscrystals