Linda Blake, Science Librarian

Linda.blake@mail.wvu.edu

(304) 476-5802

Research Guide:

http://libguides.wvu.edu/FIS401

Image from "What's Going On, 2009" by Willie Rodger;

Bridgeman Education, WVU Libraries

Information Literacy Sessions

Forensic and Investigative Science 401:Professional Forensic Communications

Fall 2014

Rachel Mohr

What is a Citation?

A formatted description of a journal article, book, web page, photograph, chart, interview, video, or other work you use to gain information for your writing. Also, referred to as references.

What is a Citation?

Citation Examples (in CSE Style)

Electronic Journal article

Albanese J. 2003. A metric method for sex determination using the

hip bone and the femur. J Forensic Sci. 48(2):263–73.

Print Book

Spicer J. 2004. Making sense of multivariate data analysis: an

intuitive approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Why Are Citations Important?

Correct citations serve two purposes:

They give credit to the person or organization from whom you borrowed the ideas and information. Avoids plagiarism.

They allow your reader to identify and locate the original sources.

Citations / References

Citations are presented in two ways in a publication:

1. At the end of a work listing all of the references that contributed to the work

Variously called End References, Reference List, Bibliography, Works Cited

Example: Benecke M, Josephi E, Zweihoff R. 2004. Neglect of the elderly: forensic entomology cases and considerations. Forensic Sci Int. 146(Suppl):195–199.

Braig HR, Perotti MA. 2009. Carcasses and mites. Exp Appl Acarol. 49(1–2):45–84.

Citations / References

2. Within the text of a work / in text citation

An abbreviated format which refers to the End References

Example in CSE Name-Year (N-Y):

“As examples, we cite the location of the real place where a murder was committed (Hawley et al. 1989), the origin of a consignment of drugs (Crosby et al. 1985) and diagnosis of abuse and neglect of the elderly (Benecke et al. 2004).”

From:

González MA, González HL, Perotti MA, Jiménez RG. 2013. Occurrence of Poecilochirus

austroasiaticus (Acari: Parasitidae) in forensic autopsies and its application on postmortem

interval estimation. Exp Appl Acarol. 59(3):297-305.

Parts of a Citation Journal Title

Authors

Article Title

DOI

Publication Details

Parts Become a Whole (CSE Style)

Saloña MI, Moraza ML, Carles‐Tolrá M, Iraola V, Bahillo P, Yélamos T, Outerelo R, Alcaraz R. 2010. Searching the soil: forensic importance of edaphic fauna after the removal of a corpse. J Forensic Sci. 55(6):1652-1655.

CSE Research Guide http://libguides.wvu.edu/csestyle

Council of Science Editors (CSE) Name-Year (NY) Style

Let’s Try Some Citations

Is This Citing a Book or a Journal?

Book Chapter

Romero DH, Stelmach GE. 2001. Motor function in

neurodegenerative disease and aging. In: Boller F, Capa SF,

editors. Handbook of neuropsychology. Amsterdam: Elsevier

Science. p.163-191.

Which Is the Correct Way to Cite?

Several indicators have been used to disclose the extent, development and severity of drugs-of-abuse problems in a country (European Monitoring Centre for Drug Addiction 2008). These include criminality associated with drugs, the amount of confiscated drugs, morbidity of infectious diseases as a consequence of intravenous drug abuse, number of injection drug users, and the number of abusers in treatment. (European Monitoring Centre for Drug Addiction 2008).

Several indicators have been used to disclose the extent, development and severity of drugs-of-abuse problems in a country (European Monitoring Centre for Drug Addiction 2008). These include criminality associated with drugs, the amount of confiscated drugs, morbidity of infectious diseases as a consequence of intravenous drug abuse, number of injection drug users, and the number of abusers in treatment.

1. 2.

From:

Simonsen KW, Normann PT, Ceder G, Vuori E, Thordardottir S, Thelander G, Hansen AC,

Teige B, Rollmann D. 2011. Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2007.

Forensic Sci Int. 207(1-3):170 – 176.

What About Paraphrasing?

Original passage:

Some of the most useful types of pollen and spores for forensics are the wind-pollinated types. This group includes the spore-producing plants such as ferns and mosses, the fungi, and a wide range of pollen types produced by the gymnosperms (nonflowering seed-bearing plants such as pines, cedars, and spruce), and a significant number of angiosperms (flowering seed-bearing plants such as aspen, elms, and oaks).

Paraphrased passage:

Wind-pollinated plants produce some of the most useful pollen and spores for forensic scientists. These include: ferns and mosses, fungi, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.

Original PaFrom:Bryant VM. Pollen and spore evidence in forensics. 2009. In: Jamieson A, Moenssens AA, editors. Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Science. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. p. 3.

Which of the following is true for the paraphrased passage?

A. A citation is not needed because the original source is from an online book, not a print book or a journal article.

B. It is word-for-word plagiarism.

C. Nothing is wrong with the paraphrase except it lacks a citation.

D. The paraphrase should include more

Which Citation is Correct?

1. Worsham and Jenkins (Worsham and Jenkins 1980) prepared an

infra-red responsive fingerprint composition based on aluminium

powder.

2. Worsham and Jenkins (1980) prepared an infra-red responsive

fingerprint composition based on aluminium powder.

3. Worsham and Jenkins prepared an infra-red responsive fingerprint

composition based on aluminium powder (Worsham and Jenkins

1980).

Citation from the References list:

Worsham R, Jenkins KL. 1980 Oct. 7. Infra-red responsive finger-print

composition. United States US 4,226,740.

Which in-text citation (N-Y) is correct?