Promoting community health
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Transcript of Promoting community health
PROMOTING COMMUNITY
HEALTH
Health Promotion ‘the process of enabling people to increase control
over, and to improve their health’ (WHO,1986)’. ‘Health promotion represents a comprehensive
social and political process, it not only embraces actions directed at strengthening the skills and capabilities of individuals, but also action directed towards changing social, environmental and economic conditions so as to alleviate their impact on public and individual health. Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over the determinants of health and thereby improve their health (WHO 1998)’.
Priority action areas
Health promotion
Build healthy public policy
Create supportive
environments
Strengthen community
action Develop
personal skills
Re-orient health services
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1.Build healthy public policy
policy action must come from policy sectors other than health but the health sector would play a role in public policy action. how?
Healthy public policy requires the coordinated use of all policy levers available, including ‘legislation, fiscal measures, taxation, and organizational change.
Healthy public policy requires the identification and removal of obstacles to the adoption of healthy public policies in non-health sectors
National policies
National health policy for food and drugsNational health policy for protection of
water and environmentNational health policy for health care and
health insurance.National health policy for social
insurance, equity and social justice.National policy for socio-economic
development.National policy for health promotionNational policy for ……etc.
2.Create supportive environments
Both the natural and built environments are inextricably linked with people's health.
It involves creating conditions that allow people to have ‘living and working conditions that are safe, stimulating, satisfying, and enjoyable.
both past endeavors and future prospects, one must take into account the lofty ambition of this programme of action (HIA, EIA)
Healthy environments healthy schools healthy cities
healthy life style healthy working environments
3.Strengthen community action
strengthening the capacity of people as active citizens through their community groups, organizations and networks to address and prioritize their problems, shape and determine change in their communities.
The foundational principles for community development are:
• Empowerment• Community competence• Participation• Issue selection• Creating ‘critical consciousness’
Examples for community actions
ToT for community health workers (CHWs)
Community health committees Training of community health promoter (CHPs)
Mobilizing communities (ACSM)
4.Develop personal skills
Supporting personal and social development through providing information, education for health, and enhancing life skills.
while we must be vigilant against the temptation and limitations of an individually focused, skills development approach, we must also re-engage with the most advanced and progressive elements in this area of work.
Testicular Self-ExaminationBreast Self-Examination
Digital measuring for blood pressure
5.Re-orient health services
universal access to health services (universality) and the removal of barriers to access such as, geographic, social, economic, or cultural (accessibility);
It demands community participation in planning, operation, and evaluation of health services (participation);
It requires integration across health and other sectors such as housing, education, and employment;
5.Re-orient health services(cont.)
It recognizes the power of multi-disciplinary teams working as equal partners for the health of the community;
It focuses on a range of services, determined by the community, that include health promotion, primary prevention, rehabilitative, and curative (essentiality); and,
It demands a commitment to equity concerning issues of power and resources (equity and access
3 delays model