Promoting best practices for joint forest management of forest resources in the Mano River Union
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Transcript of Promoting best practices for joint forest management of forest resources in the Mano River Union
Michael Balinga, Terry Sunderland, Serge Ngendakumana, Abdon Awono, Zida Mathurin and Bouda Henri Noel
Promoting best practices for joint forest management of forest resources in the Mano
River Union
2
MANO RIVER UNION COUNTRIES
Colonial Period
1st Republic 2nd Republic 2nd Republic
Establishment of Classified
Forests
Repressive conservation of forests
Global economic crisis & National
Policy reform
Development of
comanagement in Guinea
4
1986: Decentralisation policy
1989: Forestry Code in 1989, Environment Code in 1989
1991: Wildlife code
1992: Land Code
1997: Environmental Action Plan
2005: Law on Cooperatives
2007: Agricultural development Policy, draft National Strategy
for Participatory Forest Management
2008: Co-management Guidelines
POLICY REVIEW PROCESS
5
Balayan Souroumba Sincery Oursa Souti Yanfou Nyalama
Size 42,737 ha 30,195ha 21,501ha 23,944 ha
No. of villages 20 30 30 25Population (est.) 8,714 11,058 7,618 5,703Revenue sources Farming, Livestock
rearing, NTFP collection, charcoal and firewood exploitation
Farming, Livestock rearing, Hunting, NTFP collection charcoal, firewood and timber exploitation
Farming, Livestock rearing, Hunting, NTFP collection charcoal, firewood and timber exploitation
Farming, Livestock rearing, Hunting, NTFP collection, firewood and timber exploitation
Legal framework for land and forest resources
Classified in 1951 as a state protection forest. Co-management of Natural resources introduced in 1999. Weak to inexistent land tenure system
Classified in 1943 as a State protection forest.Co management introduced in 2000. Weak to inexistent land tenure systems
Classified in 1943 as a State protection forest. Co management introduced in 2000. Weak to inexistent land tenure systems
Classified in 1943 as a State protection forest. Co management introduced in 1996. Weak to inexistent land tenure systems
NRMA
1993-2000
ENRMA
2000-2005
LAMIL
2005-2008
Chemonix Winrock CIFOR-ICRAF-USFS
•Scoping studies •Design & Introduction•1st Management Plan•1st FMC
•Support policy reform•Advocate for PFM•Scale out Initial model•Other management Plans
•Model analysis•Governance review•Policy development•Capacity building
Watershed protectionCollaborative Management introduced
Landscape managementAdaptive management
Auto-evaluation of comanagement process by the existent comanagement committees using each FMC as a focus group
Set of 9 questions used for a SWOT analysis
Identification of strengths and weaknesses of current model highlighted and recommendations made by communities
Testing and periodic review of procedures on an annual basis based on a dialogue process
Limited stakeholder involvement from the start (representivity and gender inequity)
Access to resources restricted (timber, Land, etc.) although necessary for commitment
Weak Implementation capacity (policy gaps, guidelines, reporting and accounting procedures, audits systems, etc)
Benefit sharing mechanism often unclear or not applied
Lack of appropriation by communities of the process
No provision for long term monitoring and reorientation
1996 MODEL
Executive Bureau FMC Commissions
Supervisor
Village Assemblies
WomanCraftsman
YouthElder
2008 MODEL
FMC General Assembly
FMC Administrative Board
FMC Director/President
Protection CommitteeExploitation Committee
Control Committee
Voluntary registration and purchase of shares
Devolution of power and access rights over forest resources (timber, land, NTFPs, firewood, etc.) from state to community
Sharing of responsibilities (monitoring, reforestation, policing, etc.) but also benefits
Audits systems Gender equity (25%) Legal and Policy foundation
Involving communities in the design as well as implementation is an important element for success of failure of joint management schemes
Devolution of management responsibility was facilitated by access to economic benefits especially timber and agricultural land
The economic value of timber can be an important asset to community development but is often a source of conflict
Designing a functional model is an evolutionary process requiring periodic evaluation and adaptation
Devolution model must be aligned to or embedded in existing policies
These policies must in turn integrate contextual realities in order to be appropriate
Governance measures should ensure continuity of change processes
Technical and managerial capacity is often a constraint to effective implementation and needs to be addressed
Integrated and multidisciplinary approach needed: Biodiversity conservation is an objective, livelihoods improvement a means and governance the framework.
BUT
“joint forest management”, “community forestry”, “participatory forest management”, “co-management”, “communal forestry” might mean the same thing in different contexts.
Or
Any single one of these terms could refer to several different forms of forest management across different contexts.
“There is increasing recognition also that there is no single model of collaborative management that can be applied indiscriminately regardless of context.” (Brown 1999)
• Objectives: e.g. biodiversity conservation vs. livelihood and community development
• Ownership and tenure issues: e.g. state vs. communal lands• Level of devolution: total community control to shared
management• Duration of community mandate: short (5 years) to longer (25
years or more)• Legal representation of communities: associations, councils,
etc.• Benefit sharing mechanisms: taxes vs. direct revenue or
minimal to optimal revenue allocated to communities.• Incentives: Cash vs. non cash
Guinea comanagement model has been successfully tested as a model in a couple of sites, however there is need for replication within Guinea.
Neighboring countries are in the process of adopting comanagement, but this needs to be adapted to the specific policy and socio-economic contexts of each country
Identifying and promoting good practices in Forest management is a long term and adaptive process.
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