Sukanta K. Sarangi, D. Burman, S. Mandal, B. Maji,

Elizabeth Humphreys, To Phuc Tuong, B. K. Bandyopadhyay and D. K. Sharma

Promising Rice Genotypes for Wet and Dry

Seasons of Coastal West Bengal

ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI)

RRS, Canning Town, India

Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone

21 -23 October, 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Agro-climatic Zones of West Bengal

South 24 Parganas

North 24 Parganas

East Midnapore

Howrah

Gosaba

Sandeshkhali

Basanti

N

E

Study Area

Season % area % production

Aus 3.2 2.9

Aman 69.3 63.1

Boro 27.5 34.0

Rice in Coastal Area of West Bengal

Rice Lands during Wet Season

(kharif/ aman, June – December)

• Mostly low-lying

(85-90%)

• Waterlogged due to poor drainage

• Occasional salt water flooding

SOIL PROPERTIES

Heavy textured

> 40% CLAY

Saline during

dry season

Deficient in N

Top soil

slightly acidic

Medium in P

High in K

No problem of

micronutrients

except Zn

Sub-soil acidic

Activities Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Seedbed preparation

Land preparation

Transplanting

FYM/Fertilizer application

Manual weeding

Harvesting

Threshing

Aman Calendar Recommended for HYV

Aman Boro

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Monthly Rainfall in Coastal West Bengal

(Mean of 2001-02 to 2013-14)

Ra

infa

ll (

mm

)

Aman Boro

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40Max temp Min temp

Monthly Temperature in Coastal West Bengal

(Mean of 2001-02 to 2013-14) A

ir t

emper

ature

(0C

)

Participatory Varietal Selection during Aman in West

Bengal

During 2012 and 2013

Entries (13) Source

Amal-Mana

CSRC (D) 7-0-4

CSRC (D) 2-17-5

CSRC (D) 12-8-12

CSRC (D) 13-16-9

CSSRI

Canning

Swarna-Sub 1 IRRI

BRRI dhan 47 BRRI

BINA dhan 8 BINA

Sabita

Geetanjali

Patnai 23

NC 678

SR 26 B

Local

Location of Study

District Block Village Field Water Depth

2012 2013

North 24

Parganas

Sandesh

khali

Daudpur < 15 cm 15-30 cm

South 24

Parganas

Gosaba Pakhiralay 15-30 cm > 30 cm

Basanti Mocamberia > 30 cm > 30 cm

15 cm

30 cm

15 cm

30 cm

• Submergence of paddy

fields occurs during

aman, which affect the

growth.

• Performance of entries

vary with degree of

submergence.

Entries 2012 2013

<15 cm 15-30 cm > 30 cm 15-30 cm >30 cm >30 cm

Amal-Mana 139 141 168 162 176 169

Sabita 128 144 172 161 173 178

CSRC (D) 7-0-4 128 130 173 143 163 150

CSRC (D) 12-8-12 130 136 177 - - -

CSRC (D) 13-16-9 146 152 157 - - -

Swarna-Sub 1 95 105 107 - - -

BRRI dhan 47 - - - 96 102 102

BINA dhan 8 - - - 92 101 101

Plant Height (cm) in different Field Water Depth

•Tall plants are preferred during aman in low lands

• In up and medium lands medium height plants are preferred

Maturity Duration of Aman Entries

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Ma

turi

ty D

ura

tion

(D

ay

s)

162-165 days

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

<15 cm 15-30 cm >30 cm

Grain Yield (t ha-1) of Aman Entries (2012)

Farmers Preference

for < 15 cm FWD

Farmers Preference

for 15-30 cm FWD Farmers Preference

for > 30 cm FWD

Gra

in Y

ield

(t

ha-1

)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

15-30 cm >30 cm

Grain Yield (t ha-1) of Aman Entries (2013)

Farmers Preference

for 15-30 cm FWD Farmers Preference

for > 30 cm FWD

Gra

in Y

ield

(t

ha-1

)

2012 2013

Entries <15 cm 15-30 cm >30 cm 15-30 cm >30 cm >30 cm

Amal-Mana 11 18 8 17 -5 -6

Sabita (Local) -10 -7 -11 -1 2 8

CSRC (D) 7-0-4 -2 0 17 12 17 15

CSRC (D) 2-17-5 -13 2 4 10 3 -2

CSRC (D) 12-8-12 0 5 22

CSRC (D) 13-16-9 3 4 6

Swarna-Sub 1 11 14 -15

Geetanjali -6 -4

NC 678 -8 -2 -20 8 -22

SR 26 B 3 -9 2 -10 -12

Patnai 23 -17 -15 3

BRRI dhan 47 2 -15 -22

BINA dhan 8 2 -8 -6

Preference Analysis

Varieties/ newlines preferred Grain yield (t ha-1)

Swarna -Sub1, Amal-Mana , CSRC (D) 7-0-4,

CSRC(D)12-8-12

3.5-4.9

Most Preferred Entries for Aman

Characters preferred

Plant Height

Duration

Panicle size

Crop health

Grain & Straw yield

Lodging tolerance

Boro Calendar

Activities Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May

Nursery raising

Main field preparation

Transplanting

FYM/Fertilizer application

Manual weeding

Harvesting

Threshing

Boro Cultivation in Coastal Areas

• Increase in soil and water salinity • Scarcity of quality irrigation water

• Limited choice of varieties

Rainfed shallow lowland,

161

Irrigated medium land,

152

Irrigated early, 138

Rainfed upland,

117

Irrigated mid-early, 100

Scented, 53

Semi-deepwater, 38

Irrigated hills, 37

Saline/Alkaline, 32

Boro, 11 Upland hills, 7 Others, 2 Aerobic, 1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Wate

r d

epth

(cm

)

Month

Salinity Waterlogging

Soil

sali

nit

y (

dS

m-1

) Soil Salinity Increases during Boro

Soil Salinity at Study Sites

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

January February March April

So

il s

ali

nit

y E

Ce

(dS

m-1

)

Initial ECe <4 SandeshkhaliInitial ECe <4 GosabaInitial ECe >4 SandeshkhaliInitial ECe >4 Gosaba

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

February March April

Irri

gati

on

wate

r sa

lin

ity

(d

S m

-1) Sandeshkhali

Gosaba

Ground water

Pond water

Irrigation Water Salinity Increases during Boro

Rice Entries (17) tested during Boro

Entries Maturity

Duration (days)

Lalat 145

WGL 20471, IET4786, Annada, Boby, Bidhan 2, Parijat, N. Sankar, S. Sankar, IR 87938, NSIC RC 238, NSIC RC 222, CSR 4

140

BRRI dhan 47, Canning 7

135

BINA dhan 8

130

BRRI dhan 55

120

Entries

Sandeshkhali

(North 24 Parganas)

Gosaba

(South 24 Parganas)

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y1 Y2 Y3

<41 >4 <4 >4 <4 <4 >4 <4 >4

WGL 20471 3.9 3.9 6.0 4.8 4.7 3.5 3.4 5.8 4.6

BRRI dhan 47 - - 6.1 4.8 4.2 - - 5.8 4.2

BINA dhan 8 - - 5.9 4.1 4.4 - - 5.2 4.4

Bidhan 2 4.0 4.0 4.8 4.5 - 3.9 3.8 4.8 -

CSR 4 3.3 3.3 - - - 3.0 2.8 - -

LSD 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.4

Grain Yield (t ha-1) of Boro

1Initial soil salinity (dS m-1)

Y1 = 2011-12, Y2 = 2012-13, Y3 = 2013-14

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Entries L1 L2 L1 L2 L1 L2 Mean

Bidhan 2 15 34 13 9 17.75

BINA dhan 8 33 2 0 -2 8.25

WGL 20471 4 3 0 1 16 20 7.33

Boby 4 9 5 5 5.75

S. Sankar -2 -17 -9.50

BRRI dhan 55 -34 5 -14.50

CSR 4 -21 -12 -16.50

N. Sankar -22 -13 -17.50

L1 : Sandeshkhali L2: Gosaba

Preference Analysis

Most preferred entry Grain Yield (t ha-1)

Bidhan 2, BINA dhan 8, WGL 20471

3.8-6.0

Preference of Boro Entries

Characters preferred

Tolerance to salinity

Short to medium duration

Long panicles with more grains

Less infestation of pest & diseases

More tillers

Acceptable grain type

Higher market price

Higher yield

CONCLUSION

• Yield of rice in coastal areas can be increased

substantially with introduction of improved

varieties

• Water depth paly important role in determining

the suitable rice variety during aman and salinity

tolerance and maturity duration during boro

• Preferential analysis reveals that the higher yield

is primary but not the sole criteria for selecting the

varieties by the farmers

•Short duration aman varieties help in earlier

establishment of boro crop in rice-rice system

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

• G2 project on “Productive, profitable, and

resilient agriculture and aquaculture systems”, a

project of the CGIAR Challenge Program on

Water and Food (CPWF)

• Financial support by the International Rice

Research Institute (IRRI)

• Facilities to conduct the experiments by the

Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI)