Prologue Sec 4...The Enlightenment and Democratic Revolutions Prologue Sec 4 . I Enlightenment...
Transcript of Prologue Sec 4...The Enlightenment and Democratic Revolutions Prologue Sec 4 . I Enlightenment...
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The Enlightenment and
Democratic Revolutions
Prologue Sec 4
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I Enlightenment thinkers and Ideas
A. Apply reason and science to all aspects of life
B. Combined ideas of:
1. Ancient Greece – Natural Laws
2. Christianity/Judaism – Equality of People
3. Renaissance – Worldly Concerns
4. Scientific Revolution – rational thought over
traditional Beliefs (Scientific Method)
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C. Hobbes (Leviathan) the social contract – People give up rights for Safety—a neg. view of humanity
D. Locke – (Two treatise on Government) – Natural Rights – absolute right to overthrow bad government—he had a more optimistic view
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E. Voltaire – Free Speech and Religion--tolerance
F. Rousseau – Free individuals create a government that responds to people’s will, Wrote The Social Contract
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G. Montesquieu –Separation of Powers
1. Legislature – Make laws
2. Executive – Enforce Laws
3. Courts – To interpret laws
Any person or group inpower will try to increase its power.
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II. Beginnings of Democracy in America
A. Americans Protest British Policies after French and Indian War. England
1. put tax burden on colonies for cost of war
2. put more soldiers in colonies
3 would not let colonists settle west of Appalachian Mountains
4. did not let colonies have representation in Parliament--Taxation w/out representation
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B. Americans Win Independence (1775 – 1781)
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C. Enlightenment Ideas shape the Constitution (1789)
1. Representative Govt.
2. Federal system – Central, State and Local Govt.
3. 3 branches of govt.
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III. The French Revolution
A. Causes of Revolution
1. Louis XVI was a
weak leader
2. Unfair tax burden
on Poor
3. Peasants thought
govt. did not care
about them
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B. Early Reforms of
the Revolution
1. Declaration of
Rights of Man –
Citizens basic rights
2. Reformed Courts
3. Constitution
calling for Limited
Monarchy
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C. Reforms Undone
1. Outside monarchies
went to war with
France
2. Reign of Terror
3. Eventually becomes
a dictatorship to
control chaos due to
lack of leadership
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III. Struggle for Democracy Continues
A. United Nations promotes democracy – set
worldwide standard for how humans should
be treated (1948)
B. New Movements toward democracy
1. Former Soviet Union (15 new Nations)
2. South Africa