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JPRS-TND-92-O 1919 JUNE 1992

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PROLIFERATION ISSUES

JPRS-TND-92-019 CONTENTS 19 June 1992

[This report contains foreign media information on issues related to worldwide proliferation and transfer activities innuclear, chemical, and biological weapons, including delivery systems and the transfer of weapons-relevanttechnologies.]

AFRICA

SOUTH AFRICA

Armscor Offshoot's Operations Questioned [THE WEEKLY MAIL 29 May-4 Jun] ....................... 1

EAST ASIA

JAPAN

Government To Develop Nuclear Fusion Reactor [KYODO] ........................................................... 2CIS, East European Nuclear Trainees Accepted [KYODO] ............................................................. 2

NORTH KOREA

Defector to Russia on Radioactive Contamination [Seoul CHUNGANG ILBO 13 Jun] ................. 2

SOUTH KOREA

IAEA Inspects DPRK Nuclear Reprocessing Plants ........................................................................... 3Video D epicts Facilities [YONHAP] ......................................................................................... 3Plutonium Production Eyed [Seoul Radio] ............................................................................. 3Regional Stability Threatened [TONG-A ILBO 11 Jun] ........................................................ 4North Urged To 'Clear Suspicions' [YONHAP] ...................................................................... 4

IAEA's Blix on Nuclear Reprocessing Facility ..................................................................................... 5Confirm s Existence [YONHAP] ............................................................................................... 5Recommends Conversion [YONHAP] ...................................................................................... 5Questions North's Policy [YONHAP] ...................................................................................... 5Urges Mutual Inspections [Seoul Radio] .................................................................................. 6Plans Future IAEA Inspections [Seoul TV] ............................................................................. 6Blix Interview ed [Seoul TV] ..................................................................................................... 6

IAEA Urges Reporting of All Nuclear Transfers [THE KOREA TIMES 14 Jun] ........................... 7North Urged To Scrap Reprocessing Facilities .................................................................................. 7

Precondition for Sharing Technology [YONHAP] .................................................................... 7D em andsD etailed [YONHAP] .................................................................................................. 8W ill Not Press IAEA [YONHAP] ............................................................................................. 8

EC Preconditions DPRK Ties on Inspections [Seoul Radio] ........................................................... 8Russia To Withhold Nuclear Aid to DPRK [Seoul TV] ................................................................... 9DPRK Reacts to Demands for Plant Closures ................................................................................... 9

Favorable to Conversion [YONHAP] ........................................................................................ 9Agrees to Special Inspections [YONHAP] ................................................................................ 10

Policy Advisers 'Optimistic' on Nuclear Issue [THE KOREA HERALD 9 Jm] ............................ 10IAEA Finds DPRK Nuclear Safety 'Defective' [TONG-A ILBO 15 Jun] ...................................... 11Firm Recovers Systems With Radioactive Isotopes [THE KOREA TIMES 16 Jun] ..................... 12

EAST EUROPE

BULGARIA

Russian Staff Dismissed From Nuclear Plant [CHASA 5 Jun] ...................................................... 13

JPRS-TND-92-01919 June 1992 2

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

Uranium Industry Head Claims Production Reduced [HOSPODARSKE NOVINY 22 May] ......... 13Reports on Construction of Temelin Nuclear Plant .......................................................................... 14

Com pletion in D oubt [CSTK] .................................................................................................. 14No Recommendation Made [CSTK] ....................................................................................... 14

NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA

INDIA

Agni Missile Launch Defended Despite U.S. Ban ............................................................................. 15Development Program 'Intact' [THE HINDUSTAN TIMES 30 May] .................................. 15Weapons Development Urged [PATRIOT 1 Jun] .................................................................. 15

Procurement of Nuclear Parts From UK Denied [Delhi Radio] .................................................... 16

ISRAEL

Actions Against Iran Conditioned on U.S. Consent [HA'ARETZ 16 Jun] .................................... 16Iranian Nuclear Capability Termed 'Worrisome' [TelAviv Radio] ................................................ 16Western Firms' Links With Iran, Libya Cited [HA'ARETZ 11 Jun] ............................................. 17'Tacit' Accord With Syria on Lebanese Airspace [TelAviv Radio] .................................................. 17Arens on Terrorism, Nonconventional Arms Race [YEDI'OTAHARONOT 16 Jun] ..................... 18PRC Envoy Denies Sale of N-Weapons to Mideast [Jerusalem Radio] ......................................... 18

PAKISTAN

French Supply of Nuclear Plant Ruled Out [Islamabad Radio] ....................................................... 19Nuclear Reactor Upgrade Achievement Claimed [JASARA T 29 Apr] ............................................. 19

CENTRAL EURASIA

Gorbachev Urges Nuclear Powers to Stop Testing [ITAR-TASS] ........................................................... 20Russia Expects Nuclear Agreement in U.S. [Moscow Radio] ..................................................................... 20Russia Adopts Resolution on Nuclear Security ........................................................................................... 20

Toughens Control [IN TERFAX] ....................................................................................................... 20Export Controls Tightened [ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA 6 Jun] ...................................................... 21

Russia Announces Private Satellite Launching [ROSSIYSKA YA GAZETA 4 Jun] ................................. 21Russia's Defense Microbiology Institute Visited [IZVESTIYA 12 Jun] .................................................. 22Russian CHETEC Firm Denies Proliferation Role [MOSCOW NEWS 10-17 May] ................................ 22Russian Center Trained DPRK Nuclear Scientists [YONHAP] ................................................................ 23Krasnoyarsk Delays Shutdown of Nuclear Reactors [INTERFAX] ......................................................... 24Irkutsk Angara Factory To Produce Refractories [POSTFACTUM] ....................................................... 24Khabarovsk Denies Loss of Nuclear Warheads [KRASNAYA ZVEZDA 11 Jun .................................... 24Byelarus Requires 7 Years To Remove N-Weapons [KRASNAYA ZVEZDA 17 Jun] ............................. 25Ukraine Plans Removal of Nuclear Weapons ............................................................................................. 25

Kravchuk on Arms Destruction [ITAR-TASS] ................................................................................ 25Reiterated in Treaty With France [ITAR-TASS] ............................................................................. 25

Ukraine To Continue Producing Nuclear Power [Kiev Radio] ................................................................ 25

WEST EUROPE

AUSTRIA

CSFR Citizens Arrested for Smuggling Uranium ............................................................................. 26Fissile M aterial Found [ORF] ................................................................................................ 26Investigation Detailed [KURIER 11 Jun] ................................................................................ 26Smugglers Seen as Amateurs [DIE PRESSE 12 Jun] ............................................................. 26

JPRS-TND-92-01919 June 1992 3

FRANCE

Presidency Announces Reduced Nuclear Alert [AFP] .................................................................... 27

UNITED KINGDOM

Reaction to U.S.-Russian Arms Reductions ..................................................................................... 27Accord Termed 'Unrealistic' [PRESS ASSOCIATION] ......................................................... 27Russia Remains Major 'Threat' [PRESS ASSOCIATION] .................................................... 27Trident Program To Continue [PRESS ASSOCIATION] ........................... 28

JPRS-TND-92-01919 June 1992 AFRICA

SOUTH AFRICA Denel is not alone in trying to formulate a new role foritself: arms manufacturers around the world are beingforced by the end of the cold war to convert their

Armscor Offshoot's Operations Questioned arms-manufacturing capabilities to commercial use. AMB3005103092 Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL classic example is provided by a missile factory in thein English 29 May-4 Jun 92 p 17 Commonwealth of Independent States which is now

producing washing machines.

[Article by Mondli Makhanya: "Swords Drawn Over It is understood that the United States has offered toArmscor's Offshoot"] assist Denel in its endeavours. But while there may be

economic reason for Denel's continued existence, it does[Text] Armscor [Armaments Corporation of South not necessarily have business justification. The localAfrica] offshoot Denel has barely settled into its new electronics industry is already overtraded and privatePretoria head offices and already its raison d'etre is companies in the sector view with trepidation the corn-being questioned. petition of a government-backed enterprise.

While Armscor, which last year chopped its staff from Altron managing director Bill Venter expressed theabout 27,000 to 16,000, remains the South African reigning sentiment in the industry by saying that "theDefence Force's arms-procurement agency, commercia- playing fields should be levelled. We hope that Denel willlised Denel aims to concentrate on research and manu- pay normal interest on foreign loans, will be subjected tofacturing. Armscor will buy whatever it needs from normal taxes and that it will not be allowed to write offDenel and overseas companies. assets".

By 1997, says Denel managing director Johan Alberts, Another industry source said the entry of a state-backedthe company hopes to produce 70 percent of its products enterprise would disrupt the industry, resulting in thefor the civilian market rather than the military, as loss of jobs. "I foresee the smaller companies not beingopposed to the present 15 percent. able to compete and thus falling by the wayside. Jobs will

However, Denel has attracted the ire of industrialists definitely be lost in the process," he said.and peace groups. At the centre of the anti-Denel disen- But Denel chairman Johan Maree, a widely respectedchantment is the fact that the company-still wholly businessman, says he is determined to run the companyowned by the state-is entering the marketplace on the in an efficient manner and points out that it now has tostate's back. It will use taxpayers' money to compete in a report to the state as a shareholder and also service loans.small electronics market, where the survival of many of "We will be ruthless," he says, adding that the companyits units will be difficult. will not hesitate to chop unprofitable units and that jobs

The need for some of Denel's 23 operations is also being will not be spared for their own sake. Alberts is aware ofquestioned. These range from plants producing cricket the glut of electronics companies in the local market, butbats and gold sticks to developing missiles and aircraft. says that "because of the high level of Denel's technology

its products are of a more sophisticated nature and areIt is the missile production plants that are generating the therefore mainly aimed at foreign markets, with the localmost heated emotions. In the western Cape, for instance, market a secondary market".there has been vigorous resistance from Rooi Els resi-dents to Denel's missiles testing ground nearby. These forays into international markets are also a source

of contention. Denel is particularly interested in seeingThe company's argument for its existence is that techno- its aerospace arm enter into joint ventures with foreignlogical innovation is a prerequisite for economic growth companies in space research. It envisages using its "high-and that, as it has been involved in this for the past 15 level technological abilities" in space projects, whichyears while part of Armscor, it is natural for it to would see it placing and operating satellites in low earthcontinue doing so. Were it to pack up and sell its orbits.R[Rand]2-billion worth of assets, these would have to besold at scrap value in the marketplace because no other "Developing that technology was folly in the first place,"industry would have any use for them. says a private-sector economist. "There is just no reason

for us to be wasting resources trying to get involved inDumping its qualified artisans into the small job market the space race when other countries are already somay also lead to an exodus of skills from the country, advanced in it. Besides, unless you are a super power orDenel maintains. have ambitions of being a super power, do you reallyneed a space programme?"Econometric director Tony Twine argues in favour of

Denel's existence, saying that provided its resources are Whatever the pros and cons of Denel, the fact is thatutilised efficiently, the company has the capacity to years of defending apartheid at any cost necessitated thecompensate for the immense drain of the arms- development of hi-tech enterprises. The object now is tomanufacturing industry on the country's economy over determine how best to neutralise them without forfeitingthe years. the investment altogether.

JPRS-TND-92-0192 EAST ASIA 19 June 1992

JAPAN CIS, East European Nuclear Trainees Accepted0W1606121792 Tokyo KYODO in English1138 GMT 16 Jun 92

Government To Develop Nuclear Fusion Reactor

0W0906064492 Tokyo KYODO in English [Text] Tokyo, June 16 KYODO-Japan will accept and0527 GMT 09 Jun 92 train 50 nuclear technicians from the Commonwealth of

Independent States (CIS) and Eastern Europe this fiscalyear, an official of an electric power company said

[Text] Tokyo, June 9 KYODO-The government's Tuesday.atomic energy commission announced Tuesday a newbasic plan to develop an experimental nuclear fusion The training program is part of the Ministry of Interna-reactor as an international project involving Europe, the tional Trade and Industry's plan to accept and trainUnited States, Japan, and the Commonwealth of Inde- about 1,000 CIS and East European nuclear technicianspendent States (CIS). within a period of 10 years, he said.

The program is part of the government's efforts toThe new plan calls for Japan to join in the international improve the management of operations at the nuclearnuclear fusion study, as the commission said Japan has power plants in the CIS and Eastern Europe, he said.already almost achieved its own study of nuclear fusiondevelopment. For the first year, the government will train the highest-

ranking officials from plants in Russia, Ukraine, Czech-The commission revised its 1975 basic plan, under oslovakia, and Bulgaria, he said.which fundamental technology studies have been carried Each group will have a maximum of 10 trainees, who willthrough the Tokamak-type JT-60 test reactor in Ibaraki train for about 10 days at nuclear power plants, thePrefecture constructed by the Japan Atomic Energy operation training centers of Japan's electric power com-Research Institute. panies, maintenance centers, and heavy electrical

machinery makers that manufacture nuclear powerUnder the international study project, the four partners plants, he said.in the project will construct a new experimental nuclearfusion reactor, called the "international thermonuclear In the future, the training program will probably beexperimental reactor (INTER)." extended to maintenance personnel from the CIS and

Eastern Europe, he said. more on inspection/ but noteThe four expect the INTER to start operating around radiochem lab2005 and the first prototype reactor in the 2020s, beforeputting it to practical use in the mid-21st century. NORTH KOREA

A nuclear fusion reactor, if materialized, is expected to Defector to Russia on Radioactive Contaminationproduce the ultimate form of energy for humanity, since SK1306103992 Seoul CHUNGANG ILBO in Koreanits energy-generating system is based on nuclear fusion 13 Jun 92 p Ireaction as seen inside the sun.

[Article by Moscow-based correspondent Kim Kuk-hu:In a typical fusion reaction, the nuclei of tritium and "Testimony by North Korean Sergeant Major Whodeuterium are combined at a superhigh temperature to Defected to Russia"]form a nucleus of helium and a free neutron.

[Text] International Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA]Japan, Western Europe, and the United States have inspection of North Korea's nuclear facilities pointedcompeted to successfully create the critical plasma con- out the great possibility of leakage of radioactive mate-dition needed for nuclear fusion, through experiments rials due to a lack of safety facilities. It is noteworthy thatwith test reactors that confine tritium and deuterium in simultaneouly a witness stated that employees and sol-doughnut-shaped vacuum containers. diers in North Korea's Yongbyon nuclear facilities, who

operate and guard these facilities, their families, andFollowing the U.S.-Soviet summit talks in 1985, the four residents, are suffering from symptoms of radioactivesides agreed at a meeting of the International Atomic contamination.Energy Agency in 1988 to cooperate in developing Kim Chol-ho (anonymous name; details of his personalINTER, however, considering the huge construction cost data are being withheld for safety reasons), who served ininvolved. the North Korean People's Army as sergeant major for

more than 10 years, revealed this. He worked earlier in aThe total construction cost will be about 4.9 billion North Korean logging work site in Siberia of the formerdollars but it has not yet been decided where the exper- Soviet Union. Kim Chol-ho recently deserted to a CISimental reactor will be located, republic and is seeking asylum.

JPRS-TND-92-01919 June 1992 EAST ASIA 3

In the past, there were assertions by some people on the West call for dismantlement of this type of nuclearpossibility of radioactive leakage and contamination at reactor to prevent damage both to human life and theNorth Korea's Yongbyon nuclear facilities. This is the environment.first time for a North Korean who personally witnessed itto verify concrete contamination, however. He added that if proper safety facilities are not installed

when storing underground nuclear processing facilitiesKim stated that "researchers and soldiers and their and fuel, including hot cells, instruments and equip-families, who work in Yongbyon area, including the ment, then radioactivity cannot be detected even if itYongbyon Nuclear Power Research Institute, as well as leaks.residents, are suffering from unidentified diseases. Mostof them discharge yellow urine, are vomiting, and have SOUTH KOREAsymptoms of loose bowels." He added he heard thatsome people died of such symptoms.

IAEA Inspects DPRK Nuclear ReprocessingKim said that he heard from those who work on the spot Plantsthat they already manufactured a nuclear detonationdevice but did not complete production of nuclearwarheads that are needed for actual war. They said that Video Depicts Facilitiesthey dug deep tunnels in mountains near Yongbyon and SK1006000792 Seoul YONHAP in Englishconcealed important nuclear raw materials and equip- 2352 GMT 9 Jun 92merit in these tunnels. [Text] Vienna, June 8 [date as received] (YONHAP)-Kim said that North Korea describes this nuclear facility The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) willsite in Yongbyon as the "Pungang district" when talking show its video recording of North Korea's nuclear facil-to those not involved in the project. Nuclear power ities at a general meeting of its members here Wednesdayresearch and management of nuclear facilities are under afternoon (Wednesday Korean time).the jurisdiction of the 43rd Brigade (official name of the The video was taken during a visit by Secretary GeneralKorean People's Army) which consists of members of the Hans Blix and his IAEA team that toured North KoreaState Defense Commission, the People's Security Forces last month.and Ministry of Public Security. This brigade is alsocalled "Kim Chong-il's detached force." When this unit The 12-minute video tape, edited by IAEA, is said towas organized, it was composed of those who were show nuclear reprocessing plants reported by Northdischarged from the People's Army and whose socio- Korea as "a radiochemical laboratory." It also showseconomic class background were carefully investigated, both inside and outside of a large-scale nuclear powerThey were forced to take an oath of secrecy and loyalty as station under construction and operational machinerythey maintained a military status. and equipment, according to IAEA sources.

When he served in the People's Army, Kim himself In his report, Blix is expected to confirm that the plantwas a sergeant major who was in charge of planning that North Korea insists on calling as "a radiochemicalmilitary training and simulated war between two units. laboratory," will become large nuclear reprocessing facil-Therefore, he visited the units which were in charge of ities when their construction is completed, the sourcesresearch, experiments, management and protection of said.Yongbyon nuclear facilities many times, and person- But the results of the inspection conducted by a team ledally witnessed the patients. He stressed that before he by Wily Theis, a section chief of the IAEA's Safeguardleft for Siberia, he heard detailed accounts about the Department, will not be reported at Wednesday's generalreal status of radioactive contamination from his meeting, the sources said.friend (master sergeant) who was working in Yong-byon's nuclear facilities. The IAEA very rarely shows video tapes of its inspection

of nuclear facilities to its member countries, the sourcesDr. Sin Song-taek (42), a nuclear expert of the Defense added.Research Institute [of the ROK], said, "as a result ofcareful analysis of the IAEA inspection team videotapes Plutonium Production Eyedon Yongbyon area nuclear facilities, I noted that thesafety facilities are extremely poor and there is the SK1306000792 Seoul KBS-1 Radio Network in Koreanpossibility of radioactive leakage. Thus, Kim's testimony 2200 GMT 12 Jun 92is reliable and I am extremely surprised."

In particular, Dr. Sin said: North Korea's nuclear facil- [YONHAP report from Vienna]

ities are like Chernobyl's which uses natural uranium as [Text] An International Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA]well as a graphite deceleration cooling reactor. These official revealed on 12 June that North Korea isfacilities lack safety factors. Advanced nations in the observed to have completed at least an experimental


foundation for the mass production of plutonium, a raw Commenting on this, an IAEA official said: The highlymaterial for nuclear weapons, in connection with its stable and efficient light-water nuclear reactor needs thenuclear development plan. enriched uranium and the heavy-water nuclear reactor

needs heavy water, which North Korea imports. GivenThis official explained that this is the first analysis of the North Korea's present financial situation, it is difficultrecent IAEA visit to and ad hoc inspection of the nuclear for North Korea to pay for the imported materials.facilities in North Korea. He noted that because North Therefore, North Korea intends to push ahead with itsKorea has built a nuclear reprocessing plant, the possi- original plan.bility of its producing a considerable amount of pluto-nium is suspected. He then added that one can assume Another official at the IAEA said that if North Korea canthat North Korea is capable of producing as many as two import the nuclear fuel from abroad, it hopes to get itsmall atomic bombs a year. from the United States, Japan, and China. He added:

Commenting on all the North Korean nuclear facilities North Korea has made it clear that the supplying coun-

made public to the outside world for the first time, the tries should not attach any political strings to the export

official emphasized that international safety standards of nuclear materials.

are far from being met in the North Korean facilities that Dr. Yi Chang-kon, researcher at the Korean [South]have been inspected. He further stressed that even if Atomic Energy Research Institute, said on 11 June:North Korea's nuclear development is limited to non- According to data gathered by the IAEA in the course ofmilitary purposes, its safety will remain a serious inspecting nuclear facilities in North Korea, Northproblem. Korea appears to be in possession of a high degree of

nuclear technology in view of the fact that it relies on its

Regional Stability Threatened own nuclear technology in building nuclear reactors andin researching composite nuclear fuel and building a

SK1II6 73692 Seoul TONG-A ILBO in Korean fast-breeding reactor.11 Jun 92p 1

North Urged To 'Clear Suspicions'[By correspondent Choe Maeng-ho in Vienna] SK1206004392 Seoul YONHAP in English 0030 GMT

[Text] It has been revealed anew that North Korea has 12 Jun 92already started research on a fast-breeding reactor andcomposite nuclear fuel, advanced technology for nuclear [Text] Vienna, June 12 (YONHAP)-South Korea,development, and has made clear its intention to keep in Japan, Canada, the United States and other major mem-place its present nuclear policy, including the completion bers of the Board of Governors of the Internationalof the nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities in Yongbyon. Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) have agreed to add pres-

The International Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA] offi- sure on North Korea to clear suspicions about its nuclearcials view North Korea's intention to adhere to such a development.policy as a clear violation of the declaration on denucle-arizing the Korean peninsula adopted between the South Ambassadors of the countries met Thursday and sharedand the North and as the cause of grave threats to the view that concern about North Korea's nuclearstability and peace on the Korean peninsula and North- development had not eased but was mounting in someeast Asia. sectors despite the IAEA's inspection of its facilities,

according to diplomatic sources.In an informal briefing given on the afternoon of 10 Juneat IAEA headquarters in Vienna about his May visit to In the IAEA Board of Governors' meeting June 15, theNorth Korea and on the results of the IAEA inspection countries would call for a more thorough IAEA inspec-group's nuclear inspection in North Korea, IAEA tion of North Korea's nuclear facilities and demand theDirector General Hans Blix said that the nuclear fuel North accept outside inspections more sincerely, thereprocessing facility under construction in North Korea sources said.is not an experimental laboratory but a factory andquoted the North Korean side as saying that "without a They would also point out that mutual inspectionguarantee for the introduction of advanced technology between South and North Korea is vital on top of thefrom abroad and stable supplies of nuclear fuel, we IAEA inspections to dissipate suspicions and concerncannot give up our present nuclear policy." about Pyongyang's nuclear program.

Director General Blix also said that "the North Korean The United States and Japan would reaffirm their posi-side had explained that the radiochemical laboratory, tion that they would not improve relations with Northwhich is at issue, is aimed at the completion of the Korea unless mutual inspection was carried out.nuclear fuel cycle for the purpose of supplying their ownnuclear fuel and that it had already started research on a North Korea is to send 0 Chang-yim, an ambassador atfast-breeding reactor and composite nuclear fuel." the Foreign Ministry, to the Board meeting.


IAEA's Blix on Nuclear Reprocessing Facility Recommends ConversionSK1106124692 Seoul YONHAP in English 1235 GMT

Confirms Existence 11 Jun 92

SK1106053892 Seoul YONHAP in English 0506 GMT [Text] Tokyo, June 11 (OANA-YONHAP)--North11 Jun 92 Korea will stop developing nuclear reprocessing capa-

bility if Japan and the United States provide neededtechnology for building light water reactors, Yi Chol,

[Text] Seoul, June 11 (YONHAP)-South Korea will North Korean ambassador to Geneva, said Thursday.officially demand that North Korea scrap nuclear repro-cessing facilities it is building in Yongbyon, 90 km north "North Korea has already told the International Atomicof Pyongyang, now that Hans Blix, director-general of Energy Agency (IAEA)'s Director-General Hans Blixthe International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), has during his visit early May that Pyongyang's nuclearconfirmed their existence, a highly-placed government facilities are not for military use," Yi said in an interviewofficial said Thursday. with KYODO news agency.

Blix made the confirmation in his report Wednesday on "If we can receive unanium enrichment and light waterthe results of the IAEA's ad hoc inspection of North reactor technology from Japan or the United States, weKorea's nuclear capabilities, are willing to abandon developing reprocessing capabil-

ity," the ambassador said.The government made much of the fact that the repro- Blix in his report to the IAEA Board of Governors incessing facilities in Yongbyon were not a "laboratory" as Vienna Wednesday [10 June] said he recommendedNorth Korea had claimed but a large factory, and would North Korea convert its existing graphite moderatedissue a statement asking the North for an explanation, reactor to light water reactor for higher safety andthe official said. economic efficiency.

He said the government would finalize its position for Pyongyang explained its nuclear capability status and itsthe IAEA Board of Governors' meeting June 15-19 and plans for future use of nuclear power to the United Statesthe sixth meeting of the inter-Korean Joint Nuclear at the counselor-level contact in Beijing on June 1, saidControl Commission [JNCC] in an inter-ministerial con- Yi.ference after Pan Ki-mun, special aide to the foreignminister and South Korean side vice chairman of the Commenting on the safety of North Korea's nuclearJNCC, returned home from the Korea-U.S. policy reactors, Yi said, "there has not yet been any seriousreview subcommittee meeting in Honolulu. accidents so far, but if any accident were to occur, Japan

and other neighboring countries will be affected."The JNCC is likely to meet around June 15. "We would welcome safety technology cooperation from

The government would seek the cooperation of member Japan as well as the IAEA," Yi said.countries of the IAEA Board of Governors to press forearly mutual inspection of nuclear facilities in South and Questions North's PolicyNorth Korea, he said. SK1606002192 Seoul YONHAP in English 0005 GMT

Yi Si-yong, South Korean ambassador to Austria, will 16 Jun 92

give a key-note speech to the board meeting in which he [Text] Vienna, Austria, June 15 (YONHAP)-Hanswill emphasize that North Korea's construction of repro- Blix, director-general of the International Atomic Energycessing facilities is a violation of the inter-Korean agree- Agency (IAEA), said Monday North Korea does not needment and it poses a grave threat to making the Korean nuclear reprocessing facilities like the ones it is buildingpeninsula a nuclear-free zone. in Yongbyon.

The government was considering asking the IAEA to Blix said there are many other aspects in North Korea'sdispatch a special inspection team to North Korea to possession of nuclear materials and nuclear policy thatobtain a clearer picture of the reprocessing facilities could not be explained.before the JNCC meeting, he said. Blix made these remarks at a meeting with South Korea's

Meanwhile, South Korea and the United States have ambassador to the IAEA, Chong Kun-mo.decided to positively take into account North Korea's The IAEA director-general said South and North Korearecent call for technical assistance for construction of a should carry out simultaneous inspections in eachlight-water reactor if the North accepts mutual inspec- other's territories in parallel with IAEA inspection oftion and gives up its reprocessing facilities. North Korean facilities.

North Korea made the request in a contact with the At a regular board of governors' meeting which openedUnited States June 1. on Monday, Blix said he plans to express his views on the


need for North Korea to halt the construction of its The IAEA plans to make a report to the agency's regularnuclear reprocessing facilities and accept mutual inspec- meeting of the Board of Governors slated for 15 June ontions with South Korea, Chong said. whether North Korea is sincere in implementing the

nuclear safeguards accord and on the future inspectionThe five-day meeting is expected to discuss problems schedule based on a comprehensive analysis of the

related to nuclear safeguards and financial matters. The results of the tentative inspection.

meeting will focus on North Korean issue Tuesday and

Wednesday. The IAEA also plans to conclude with North Korea asupplementary accord specifying detailed inspection

Urges Mutual Inspections procedures and methods around 10 July.

SK1606144192 Seoul KBS-I Radio Network in Korean The IAEA has decided to start regular nuclear inspection1400 GMT 16 Jun 92 of North Korea at an early date after concluding the

supplementary accord. [passage omitted][Report by Cha Man-sun from Vienna]

[Text] While giving a report on North Korea's nuclear Blix Interviewedsituation at the second day of the International Atomic SKI 706022392 Seoul MBC Television NetworkEnergy Agency's [IAEA] Board of Governors meeting, in Korean 2200 GMT 16 Jun 92Hans Blix, IAEA director general, emphasized that inorder to raise the level of openness of North Korea's [Text] The International Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA],nuclear development plan, it is important for South and which is in its third day session of its Board of GovernorsNorth Korea to realize mutual inspection, as both sides meeting, will have very important discussions on Northhad agreed. Korea's nuclear issue today. Correspondent Kim Yong-il

Director General Blix said that because the purpose of reports:

the inspection system is to enhance the clarity of nuclear [Begin Kim Yong-il recording] Most of the memberactivities, not only is it necessary for the IAEA to carry states of the IAEA's Board of Governors, which willout inspection but it is also necessary for South and intensively deal with North Korea's nuclear develop-North Korea to fulfill what they had agreed to, as well. ment issue today, share the same opinion that North

Korea should open all its nuclear facilities and sincerelyRegarding North Korea's nuclear material and nuclear receive nuclear inspections. This is a short cut tofacilities, Director General Blix said that the IAEA enhance its confidence.recently carried out a tentative inspection [imsisachal] inNorth Korea, but that it is still difficult to verify the In an interview with Munhwa Broadcasting Corporationcompleteness of the initial report submitted by North on 16 June, Hans Blix, director general of the IAEA, saidKorea. He also revealed that a new inspection team will that of equal importance to IAEA inspection is Northgo to North Korea in a few weeks. Korea's faithful implementation of the North-South dec-

laration of denuclearization, including mutual inspec-Plans Future IAEA Inspections tion between North and South Korea, which is condu-

SK1206052492 Seoul KBS-1 Television Network cive to recovering its confidence. The following is an

in Korean 1200 GMT 11 Jun 92 interview with Director General Hans Blix:

[Kim Yong-il, in English] As you know, the mutual[Excerpt] In an exclusive interview with a KBS reporter isetion between South Korea and North Korea istoday, Hans Blix, director-general of the International inspection uswan wh a d North Korea is

Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA] who led an inspection very essential for us, and what do you think about that in

team that has recently visited Pyongyang, said that he connection with the IAEA's inspection?will lead another nuclear inspection team to North [Hans Blix, in English] Well, I think it is very importantKorea. for their confidence in the peaceful use of nuclear energy

that there be openness about their nuclear programs andDirector-General Blix, who has repeatedly warned teaency's safeguards system which is now entering

against the danger of the nuclear facilities in North the agency's safeguvedsisite d allc this facilitingKore, hnte tht th raiocemial lbortor in into the DPRK and have visited all the facilitiesKorea, hinted that the radiochemical laboratory in reported. This is one aspect of one method of achievingYongbyon is clearly a plutonium-extracting plant. transparency and openness and this I think is very

Correspondent Cha Man-sun reports from Vienna: welcome. However, this is not the only possible way ofshowing transparency in the nuclear program, and for

[Begin Cha Man-sun recording] As its director-general's that reason, I have said that I hope very much that thevisit to North Korea and a tentative inspection have transparency will also increase between the DPRK andfailed to dissipate international doubt about North the Republic of Korea and also vis-a-vis others who areKorea's nuclear development, the IAEA shows signs of interested-China, Japan, and the United States. Allreinforcing the nuclear inspection of North Korea by transparencies, openness, and transparencies [as heard]employing all the agency's inspection techniques. desirable to create confidence.


[Yim Yong-il] Even member states of the IAEA Board of on how to deal with the protocols, a Foreign MinistryGovernors, such as the United States, Japan, and Aus- official said. "At present, our government is neither in atralia-which support Director-general Hans Blix's opin- position to support nor oppose the plan," he said.ion-will urge North Korea to dispel suspicion by vol-untary opening all of its nuclear facilities and materials, Critics assert that the new protocols designed to rein-stressing that although it received the tentative inspec- force control on nuclear materials and equipment fortion [imsisachal], which is nothing but an initial proce- peaceful purposes will deal a serious blow to developingdural step, this has not completely eliminated the con- countries' nuclear power industries.cerns and suspicions on North Korea's nuclear facilities. They criticize the United States and some other

In this regard, these countries will intensively call for advanced countries for attempting to monopolizeinformation on whether North Korea will continue to nuclear technology, according to Foreign Ministryproduce plutonium, where plutonium will be used, and officials.on an accurate inventory of plutonium. [end Kim Yong- State parties to the envisioned protocols will be requiredil recording] to provide data on the description, quantity, enrichment

and composition of nuclear material imported andIAEA Urges Reporting of All Nuclear Transfers exported; the state from and for which the material wasSK1406035992 Seoul THE KOREA TIMES in English imported and is destined; the date of arrival; and the14 Jun 92 p 1 location or facility from which the material was dis-

patched or is stored. The report should be provided[By staff reporter Sin Hak-nim] within 30 days of the end of the month in which the

import or export took place.[Text] The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)is seeking to introduce a "universal reporting" system on With respect to production of nuclear materials, thethe production and transactions of nuclear materials and information to be provided include the description,equipment for peaceful purposes in order to reinforce its quantity, enrichment and composition of the nuclearnuclear safeguards regime, informed government material produced; and the date, location or facilities atsources said yesterday. which the nuclear material was produced and is cur-

rently stored, processed, or used.Under the plan, all state parties of the IAEA would berequired to report to the agency the export and import of Small quantities of natural or depleted uranium ornuclear materials, "sensitive" equipment and nonnu- thorium already being used in a peaceful nonnuclearclear materials. manner would be excluded from reporting if less than

100 kilograms are transferred in any one shipment andTo that end, the IAEA secretariat will propose two draft the total amount imported by or exported to a particularprotocols at a meeting of its Board of Governors to be state does not exceed 1,000 kilograms in any 12-monthheld in Vienna June 15-19. The two are a "Protocol on period, however.Universal Reporting of the Export, Import, Productionand Inventories of Nuclear Material for Peaceful Pur- The IAEA secretariat planned to initiate the plan on theposes" and a "Protocol on Universal Reporting of the universal reporting system during the Board of Gover-Export and Import of Certain Equipment and Nonnu- nors meeting in February but postponed it because ofclear Material for Peaceful Purposes." strong objections from developing countries, Foreign

Ministry officials said.A heated pro and con debate is expected to take placeover the projected protocols between advanced and Such a move may have something to do with thedeveloping countries, during the forthcoming IAEA campaign to renew the Nuclear Nonproliferation TreatyBoard of Governors' meeting. The United States and [NPT] which expires in 1995. An NPT review confer-several European countries support the new system ence is expected to be held before then.while developing countries, including India and Brazil,are opposed to the plan, according to the sources. North Urged To Scrap Reprocessing FacilitiesIn particular, developing countries with uranium oredeposits strongly oppose stricter controls on the produc-tion and transactions of nuclear materials. Precondition for Sharing Technology

According to the projected protocols and relevant IAEA SK1506012492 Seoul YONHAP in English 0108 GMTstipulations, special fissionable material subject to 15 Jun 92reporting include plutonium-239, uranium-233, ura-nium enriched in the isotopes 235 or 233 and any [Text] Vienna, June 14 (YONHAP)-South Korea's firstmaterial containing one or more of these elements. ambassador to the International Atomic Energy Agency

(IAEA), Chong Kun-mo, says that there is no doubtSouth Korea, a country with the potential for exporting about North Korean nuclear policy or that the North'snuclear power technology, has yet to decide its position facilities are for the production of nuclear weapons.


There were a number of "unavoidable" processes to take North Korea is due to conclude a subsidiary arrange-for the development of nuclear weapons, Chong said ment to the safeguards accord with the IAEA aroundSunday [ 14 June]. North Korea was taking those steps, July 10. The IAEA then can conduct routine and specialincluding construction of facilities for nuclear material inspection on North Korea.reprocessing and the extraction of plutonium. "When North Korea accepts these IAEA inspections,

Moreover, there was a strong possibility North Korea there is nothing more we can do through the IAEA," thepossessed enough plutonium to produce several nuclear official said.bombs, he said. "We will have to solve Pyongyang's nuclear problemChong, a leading nuclear scientist, said that North through inter-Korean negotiations," he said.Korea's nuclear facilities were unsafe and inadequate forelectric generating. If North Korea really wanted to useits facilities for peaceful purposes, it should abandon the Will Not Press IAEAexisting facilities and bring in new technology and start SK1306001692 Seoul YONHAP in English 2345 GMTits nuclear program anew, he said. 12 Jun 92

Meanwhile, Yi Si-yong, South Korean ambassador to [Text] Vienna, June 13 (YONHAP)-The InternationalAustria who represents his government in the IAEA Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) convenes a regular Boardboard of governors' meeting June 15-19, said that South of Governors meeting Monday to discuss problemsKorea was prepared to provide Pyongyang with nuclear related to inspection of North Korean nuclear facilities.technology if it gave up its current nuclear policy. The five-day meeting will hear a report on progress for

There was a possibility that North Korea could the conclusion of supplementary agreements with Northannounce its intention to scrap its nuclear reprocessing Korea that will enable the IAEA to undertake full-scalefacilities at the board of governors' meeting, he said. inspections of each plant and facility.

The board meeting will also discuss the results of the firstDemands Detailed inspection.

SK1206105192 Seoul YONHAP in English 1030 GMT Unlike in the past, South Korea will not press the IAEA12 Jun 92 to discuss measures for special or forced inspections of

North Korean facilities or adopt a resolution warning[Text] Seoul, June 12 (OANA-YONHAP)-South North Korea against development of nuclear weapons.Korea's immediate top priority is getting North Korea toscrap its nuclear reprocessing facilities through inter- Instead, it will emphasize the need for simultaneousKorean negotiations, officials here said Friday. inspection by South and North Korea of facilities and

installations in each other's territory by pointing outHans Blix, director-general of the International Atomic mounting suspicion in the world community aboutEnergy Agency (IAEA), confirmed in his report to the North Korea's nuclear weapons program.Agency Wednesday [10 June] that what he and the adhoc inspection team saw in North Korea's Yongbyon South Korea's position is expected to be backed up bycomplex would serve as reprocessing plant once com- major member nations of the board like Japan and thepleted, officials said. United States.

This places South Korea's key emphasis on disabling In addition to the North Korean nuclear issue, the boardsuch capability, they said. members will discuss ways to strengthen restrictions on

imports and exports of nuclear materials and plants andThe comments suggest a shift from South Korea's former facilities throughout the world, nuclear safety problemsemphasis on speedy agreement on inter-Korean inspec- in former East European countries and the IAEA mem-tion regime for a cross-border check of each other's bership for Croatia.nuclear facilities.

"If the radiochemical laboratory in Yongbyon is indeed EC Preconditions DPRK Ties on Inspectionsfor research purposes as North Korea claims, our chiefinterest is in the reprocessing work of the laboratory," SK1006030592 Seoul KBS-1 Radio Network in Koreanone official said. 0200 GMT 10 Jun 92

"Our immediate goal would be met if North Korea [Text] The 12 member states of the European Commu-converts this section of the lab work to other purpose nity have decided to demand that International Atomicthan reprocessing," he said. Energy Agency [IAEA] inspection as well as mutual

inspection between the South and North are precondi-"Another alternative would be getting North Korea to tions for improving relations with North Korea and havereduce this facility to a truly research-oriented scale, informed North Korea of this decision, according to thesimilar to the ones in South Korea," said the official. Foreign Ministry.


The Foreign Ministry said that the 12 EC member states In particular, Russia is reported to have emphasized toheld a meeting of the Foreign Ministry directors in the North Korean authorities that it would not offercharge of Asian Affairs last 4 June in Brussels and agreed technical assistance that can be incorporated into mili-on making South-North mutual nuclear inspection a tary purposes. [end recording]precondition for improving their relations with NorthKorea. [Begin Saltykov, Russian minister of science] North

Korea and Cuba have been receiving special assistance.The Foreign Ministry added that the EC member states North Korea is a foreign country to Russia and, there-served notice on this decision to Kim Hong-nim, fore, cannot be an exception, however.director of North Korea's Foreign Ministry in charge ofEuropean Affairs who was traveling to seven EC coun- When it comes to the nuclear power field, any countrytries, including Portugal, from the end of last month can get assistance. [end recording]through the beginning of June, and called on North [Begin Kim recording] (Kruchapov) and (Duvana) areKorea to accept South-North mutual inspection, the two most important nuclear research institutes in

The Foreign Ministry explained that the EC member Russia.states made clear that improved human rights and a ban The Soviet Union had trained about 200 North Koreanon exports of terrorism and weapons, along with South- nuclear researchers after helping North Korea buildNorth mutual inspection, are preconditions for research nuclear reactors in the 1960's. It has beenimproving their relations with North Korea. learned that about 10 North Korean nuclear scientists

North Korea has been investigating improved relations are permanently staying in Russia as nuclear researchers.with the EC since it signed the nuclear safeguards accord Nuclear research institutes in Russia are being convertedlast January, arguing that the nuclear issues would be into ones for industrial purposes. As they are being madesettled when the IAEA starts its provisional inspection accessible to all countries due to extreme financial diffi-[imsi sachal]. culties, the close cooperative ties between Russia and

It appears that improved EC-North Korea relations will North Korea in the area of nuclear physics have sobe hard to realize with the EC making South-North changed that they no longer can be hoped for.mutual inspection a precondition for improving its rela- This has been Kim Son-ki from Moscow. [end recording]tions with North Korea, however.

North Korea has maintained diplomatic relations with DPRK Reacts to Demands for Plant Closuresonly two countries among the 12 EC member states-Denmark and Portugal-and has opened a general mis-sion in France. Favorable to Conversion

SKl106091592 Seoul YONHAP in English 0857 GMTRussia To Withhold Nuclear Aid to DPRK 11 Jun 92

SK1606151292 Seoul KBS-I Television Network [Text] Seoul, June 11 (OANA-YONHAP)--South Koreain Korean 1200 GMT 16 Jun 92 will pursue nuclear technology cooperation with North

Korea if Pyongyang abandons its reprocessing facility[Text] North Korea and Cuba have been entirely depen- and accepts inter-Korean nuclear inspection, a govern-dent on the former Soviet Union in terms of both nuclear ment official said Thursday.materials and nuclear technology. Now, however,Russia, the successor to the former Soviet Union, has "The government policy is that Seoul will promotedeclared that it will not assist any country with nuclear exchanges and cooperation with Pyongyang dependingmaterials and nuclear technology if it does not use them on the progress of inter-Korean relations and nuclearfor peaceful purposes. negotiations," Kim Chae-sop, director-general of inter-

national organizations at the Foreign Ministry, told aCorrespondent Kim Son-ki reports from Moscow: press briefing.

[Begin Kim Son-ki recording] The Moscow daily KOM- "There is no reason we cannot pursue exchanges andMERSANT said in its 15 June edition that North Korea cooperation in nuclear technology," he said.will survive the infliction of nuclear scrutiny, therebyhinting that North Korea will complete the nuclear The comments came after International Atomic Energydevelopment despite the international denunciation. Agency (IAEA) Director-General Hans Blix's report to

the Board of Governors Wednesday [10 June] on his tripThe former Soviet Union, however, was the one and only to Pyongyang and results of an ad hoc inspection oncountry assisting North Korea in the area of nuclear North Korean nuclear facilities.physics. Recently, Russia has made clear its basic stancethat it will provide North Korea with technical assis- Blix reported that North Korean officials respondedtance only in case the nuclear power is used for peaceful favorably to his recommendation that they convert theirpurposes. graphite-moderated reactor to light-water reactor.


Seoul was willing to give Pyongyang its light-water Blix said problems remained after the IAEA's first adreactor technology if North Korea agreed to convert, hoc inspection. The second inspection of North KoreanKim said. Almost all of South Korea's nine nuclear facilities could come as early as in July, he said.reactors are light water. Blix also said it is important to implement mutual and

"The IAEA evaluated Blix's and inspection team's North simultaneous inspections by South and North Korea asKorean visit as highly cooperative and positive," Kim agreed by the two countries in order to raise the degree oftold reporters. openness for North Korea's nuclear program.

"The significance of the ad hoc inspection was that theinspectors actually saw the much-suspected nuclear facil- Policy Advisers 'Optimistic' on Nuclear Issueities and gained information about Pyongyang's capabil- SK0906062492 Seoul THE KOREA HERALDity," he said. in English 9 Jun 92 p 2

A second IAEA team will go to North Korea for a furtherad hoc inspection in a few weeks, composed of same [By staff reporter Kang Song-chol]members that went for the first inspection.

There is no way of judging, however, whether North [Text] Despite lingering suspicion on North Korea'sKorea had hidden reprocessing installations, and the nuclear efforts, policy advisers at the presidential officeIAEA would need to further analyze the results of the ad of Chongwadae appear optimistic about resolving thehoc inspections. nuclear question.

But construction of the "radiochemical laboratory," They say they are convinced that the nuclear issue will bewhich the IAEA sees as a nuclear reprocessing plant, was settled "within a reasonable period of time" in the vortexhalted when the team was in Pyongyang, and the facility of inter-Korea and international relations.was barely equipped, Kim said. Their attitude contrasts with hawkish views voiced byNorth Korea's breeder reactor was outdated and primi- some other government officials following a stalemate intive, and the amount of separated plutonium reported to inter-Korean negotiations on the agreed-upon reciprocalthe IAEA was relatively small, he said. nuclear inspections.

"We should look at the nuclear question in the broadAgrees to Special Inspections picture of progress in inter-Korean relations," said Kim

SKI 706005092 Seoul YONHAP in English 0029 GMT Chong-hwi, national security adviser to President No17 Jun 92 Tae-u, yesterday.

He accused the news media of fretting and being sensa-[Text] Vienna, June 16 (YONHAP)-The International tional in reporting on inter-Korean relations, particu-Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) indicated Tuesday there larly the nuclear issue.is a possibility that it will undertake special inspections "The two sides (South and North Korea) may sometimeson North Korean nuclear facilities that Pyongyang has argue with each other. But I believe that the talks willnot reported to the IAEA. ultimately produce good results," Kim said on the inter-

An IAEA official gave the indication after IAEA Director Korean nuclear negotiations.General Hans Blix reported to the Board of Governors' The two Koreas failed to work out a regime for mutualmeeting Tuesday that he had succeeded in obtaining nuclear inspections by last month, the originally setNorth Korea's agreement to send IAEA officials to visit deadline. It has thus become impossible for the inspec-unreported nuclear facilities in North Korea. tion to take place this month as originally sought.

The official, who declined to be identified by name, Seoul and Pyongyang in February activated a jointexplained that Blix's report implied that the visit means declaration calling for the ban of nuclear weapons on the"special inspections." Korean peninsula, and agreed to pursue inspections of

For a special inspection, he went on, the IAEA needs suspected weapons sites in each other's territory.information from advanced countries prior to the visit. The inter-Korean inspection is independent from

nuclear surveillance by the International Atomic EnergyIn his report, however, Blix said it was impossible to Agency (IAEA).conduct complete inspections of every nuclear facilityand materials that were not reported by North Korea. Kim appears to think that a reconciliation process hasSuch problems get more difficult in a country where started in earnest on the peninsula and that accordingly,research for extracting plutonium is considerably the nuclear question will be settled in the not too distantadvanced, he added. future.


"Let us compare the situation now and that of a year National security officials at Chongwadae in generalago," he said while emphasizing improvements made in caution against remarks provoking the North, whileinter-Korean relations so far. asserting that it is now time to see the greater picture of

national reunification.Both Koreas held four rounds of prime ministers' talksand numerous committee and subcommittee-level nego- "It is now time for us to make full-fledged preparationstiations during the past year. for unification," one official said, while calling for mod-

eration in dealing with the nuclear issue.They signed a milestone accord calling for nonaggres-sion, reconciliation and exchanges as well as the joint He admitted that there are differing views within thedenuclearization declaration, government on how to deal with North Korea in regard

to the nuclear question. "It is natural that there is aAs part of the efforts for reconciliation, the two sides are diversity of views on the matter."to exchange visits of separated family members aroundAug. 15, Liberation Day, for the second time since the Some hard-liners in the government are said to be callingterritorial division after World War II. for harsher steps against the North, particularly fol-

lowing the failure last month to prepare the inspectionAnother ranking national security official at Chong- rules.wadae said he believes that the North will have no choicebut to implement the mutual nuclear inspection. The hard-liners include those in the Agency for NationalSecurity Planning.

"As for the mutual inspection, they (North Korea) mayfeel a more urgent need to do it," said the official, whoasked not to be named. "They have opened their Yong- IAEA Finds DPRK Nuclear Safety 'Defective'byon facilities to international inspection, and now they SK1506083392 Seoul TONG-A ILBO in Koreanmust want to see something in the South." 15 Jun 92 p I

The North, he said, must also be well aware that withoutthe resolution of the nuclear issue, it could not seek [By reporter Choe Maeng-ho from Vienna]improvement of ties with Japan and the United States.

The official also voiced regrets that some domestic [Text] It has been found that the design, radiationmedia had called the failure to work out the hinter- shielding systems, cranes, protective devices, waste dis-Korean nuclear inspection regime a "breakdown." posal sites, and safety control systems of North Korean

nuclear facilities are seriously defective."It is not a breakdown. It is just a temporary suspen-sion," he contended. Officials concerned at the International Atomic Energy

Agency [IAEA] pointed out on 15 June [date as pub-He said the negotiations could resume sometime after lished] that the activities in North Korea by a delega-mid-June, when an IAEA team reports the results of its tion led by Hans Blix, IAEA director general, and theinitial inspection of the North's facilities in Yongbyon to IAEA's first inspection team and the examination ofthe agency's board of governors meeting. the video tapes which the North Korean authorities

had shot for the IAEA reveal that the North Korean"Pyongyang may think that it can avoid international nuclear facilities are 40- to 50-year-old models, thatcriticism so long as the IAEA inspection is going on," the their design is shoddy, that radiation shielding stan-official said. dards are not uniform, and that North Korea's safety

standards, which are below the general internationalHe hoped that each side would make some concessions standards, are not reliable.to strike an accord. His remark suggests that the South isconsidering showing flexibility in such calls for "chal- In connection with this, the ROK delegation to the IAEAlenge inspections," surveillance conducted on demand at Board of Governors and the IAEA have decided toshort notice. present the North Korean nuclear facilities safety issueat a meeting that opened that day.He stressed that Seoul will stick to the principle of

reciprocity, however, indicating that it would never A correct analysis of the North Korean nuclear facili-accept Pyongyang's suggestion of opening Yongbyon in ties is not available. An IAEA official concerned said:return for seeing all American military bases here. "The design of the North Korean nuclear facilities

based on what is called chuche [self-reliance] is clearlyThe official also brushed aside as "sheer speculation" the substandard."allegation that the United States was putting pressure onSeoul regarding the nuclear inspection issue. In connection with, another IAEA official said: "North

Korea's nuclear facilities and equipment were all"We have consultations with the United States. But we designed and manufactured at plants near Pyongyang."make the final decisions," he said. He also said: "There is no independent supervisory


organization nor control committee in North Korea that Regarding the strengthening of safety measures, themonitors and supervises the safety of the nuclear facili- IAEA is proposing that reporting on the production andties. This is worrisome." import and export of nuclear weapons and nonnuclear

materials must be imposed as a duty. In this connectionNorth Korea built a five-megawatt experimental nuclear the IAEA is also proposing that an international agree-reactor patterned after the graphite reactor built by ment on nuclear safety be established to enhance safety.Great Britain and France in the 1950's. North Korea isnow building one 50-megawatt reactor and one 200-megawatt nuclear reactor patterned after the 5-megawatt Firm Recovers Systems With Radioactive Isotopesreactor. SK1606012692 Seoul THE KOREA TIMES in English

16 Jun 9 2 p 3An IAEA official concerned said: "It was found that

many of the fuel rods in the 5-megawatt experimental [Text] Two units of testing systems containing radioac-nuclear reactor had been damaged and that the design of tive isotopes, previously stolen in Ulsan, Kyongsang-this reactor was partially changed after the Chernobyl namto, were discovered at 10:20 p.m. yesterday at theincident in the former Soviet Union." Pyongsan resting place on the Seoul-Pusan expressway,

about 80 km north of Ulsan.This official also stated: "It has been revealed that North

Korea's radiation shielding systems in its nuclear reac- An unidentified man called the Korea Industrial Testingtors is inferior to those of the advanced countries; that Co. around 9:30 p.m. to notify the location of thethe thickness of the nuclear disposal facility is not missing equipment. They were retrieved under the watchuniform; and that there are no protective devices when tower of the resting place, the company source said.moving large cranes carrying nuclear waste." The isotopes, known as iridium, could be fatal if exposed

At an unofficial briefing on 10 June, Director General to the human body.Hans Blix revealed: "We notified North Korea of thewillingness to cooperate with it in planning effective and The Science-Technology Ministry was told by the com-commercially viable nuclear reactors and to secure the pany earlier in the day that the systems were missingsafety of the nuclear reactors." This indirectly hinted from a van parked in Ulsan, the ministry later made itthat the IAEA is not satisfied with the safety of North known to the press.Korea's nuclear reactors. Ministry officials said the isotopes were covered with

The ROK delegation participating in the IAEA Board of lead and have radioactivity levels of 36 and 37 curie.Governors meeting that will continue through 18 June is The systems, used for non-destructive materials testing,planning to urge the IAEA for thorough inspection and is each measure 40cmxl 5cmx35cm, weighs 20 kilogramsalso planning to urge North Korea to sincerely abide by and carry pink triangle warnings for radioactivity, theythe international agreement and to accept mutual inspec- said.tion between South and North Korea. This is becauseregardless of the first on-the-spot inspection by Director According to a report from Korea Industrial Testing, theGeneral Hans Blix and his party, the misgivings about equipment and the isotopes were left in a van overnightNorth Korea's nuclear development have not been elim- Sunday on a street in Nam-ku and the driver found theminated but rather increased, missing the following morning.

JPRS-TND-92-01919 June 1992 EAST EUROPE 13

BULGARIA [Jansky] Until 1989, the Czechoslovak UraniumIndustry [CSUP] was a giant that was losing money and

Russian Staff Dismissed From Nuclear Plant swallowing state-provided subsidies. An excessive quan-A U1306154992 Sofia 24 CHASA in Bulgarian tity of uranium concentrate was exported to the SovietA Jun 92 Sa 24 Union. Since then, we reduced the production of ura-5Jun 92 p2 nium concentrate from 2,400 to 1,760 tonnes. The

[Text] According to a report, four drunken Russians program of production scale-down adopted by the gov-were stopped at 0010 on 21 May as they tried to enter the ernment anticipates that we will only extract as muchhigh security zone of the No. 6 Reactor Unit at the uranium as needed to satisfy the needs of our nuclearKozloduy Nuclear Power Plant. One of them was the power stations. The number of Diamo employeesleader of a team of Russian specialists that is replacing decreased from 23,000 to 13,000 today. For the state it isracks in the waste fuel tanks. the most important thing that uranium mining ceased to

lose money, and we only need subsidies to cover socialYulian Lazarov, the shift chief in the Radiation Safety programs and liquidation costs ensuing from the pre-and Measurement Section, and Sergeant Naumov, the vious activity of the enterprise.police officer on duty, prevented the four from startingwork. [Stregl] How has the previous structure of the enterprise

"This is a gross breach of internal discipline," states the changed?

report that Nikolay Todorov, chief of the department, [Jansky] Previously, the CSUP was a closed industrysubmitted to Ivan Ivanov, manager of the Nos. 5 and 6 within an industry, separated from other economicReactor Units. developments as much as possible. It has its own engi-

Zhak Karakash, deputy chief of the Administrative neering, electronic, civil-engineering, and other produc-ZhakKarkas, dput chef o th Adinitraive tion capacities, which were not very profitable. This isCouncil of the National Electricity Company, said that to aaiis hc eentvr rftbe hsi

why the enterprise was divided into a smaller number ofthe Russians had been recalled from the Kozloduy subsidiary plants, which are not directly related to ura-Nuclear Power Plant and that the incident was inadmis- nium ore mining, processing, or research. They weresible. Some of the rack fittings for the No. 6 Unit, of sugre mningpoessin or rse w ereRussan anufctue, hd povedto e deectve, segregated and included in the first wave of privatiza-Russian manufacture, had proved to be defective, tion. This internal restructuring allowed us to signifi-because of which the racks will not be replaced this year cantly reduce the administration and the redundantas scheduled. Only the racks of the No. 5 Unit will be technical staff. Because of scaling down the production,repaired, for which purpose the unit will be shut down too, had to leave. However, a significant numberfoJuytSetme.miners, to a olae oeeasgiiatnmefrom July to September. of them had to leave because the maximum time limitMr. Karakash believes that the No. 2 Reactor Unit will for their exposure to radiation had expired.start operating again in November. [Stregl] What will happen to the core of the enterprise?

CZECHOSLOVAKIA [Jansky] The core of the enterprise, representing oreextraction and processing, should not be privatized in

Uranium Industry Head Claims Production the years to come. In the first phase, we are trying toReduced transform the enterprise into a state-owned share-AU2905094992 PragueHOSPODARSKE holders' company . The company would stay state-AO U290 in0Czech22 Prague H 2SpO 1,S3owned, but in the second phase it would become aNO VINY in Czech 22 May 92 pp 1, 3 holding [company] with subsidiaries that could receive

[Interview with Czechoslovak Uranium Industry, private and foreign capital.Diamo, Director Jan Jansky by Richard Stregl; place and [Stregl] What would these subsidiaries do?date not given: "The Uranium Industry's Ups andDowns"] [Jansky] One, the core of which already exists, would

[Excerpt] The former state enterprise called the Czecho- deal with ore extraction and processing. The remainingslovak Uranium Industry has carried the name Diamo ones are only on paper and are the expression of oursince 1 April 1992. Not only the name has changed: The endeavor to free ourselves from the unilateral depen-production scale-down in the uranium industry began dence on the production and sales of uranium concen-one year ago. Prospects for this industrial branch trate, the price and marketability of which are unstable.changed considerably. We also want to diversify our activity-what else besidesnuclear energy generation? With the exception of ecolog-

We asked Diamo Director Eng. Jan Jansky, about the ically unacceptable and expensive process of enrichingsituation in the uranium industry and what prospects it uranium, we would like to secure a substantial part of thehas. fuel cycle.

[Stregl] How far has the scale-down progressed in ura- This means to manufacture fuel rods for nuclear powernium extraction? stations with the VVER-type reactors [water-moderated

JPRS-TND-92-01914 EAST EUROPE 19 June 1992

water-cooled power reactor] and to participate in radio- are held simultaneously, despite the fact that the deci-active waste disposal. A third new subsidiary would be sion made by one entity significantly influences thefocused on solving ecological problems. Our knowledge negotiation results of the other. The Slovak Electricin this line of business originates from the experience of Power Plants will invite another tender for fuel forour experts who have been in the chemical extraction of VVER reactors. In my opinion, nuclear energy produc-uranium business for many years. tion is a sphere that the state must constantly coordinate.This is what did not happen over the last two years.It it also our intention to export uranium concentrate.

There is a demand for it, and we are trying to achieve The realization of our plans is also dependent on themore advantageous marketing conditions. existence of Diamo itself. Its existence is jeopardized,

above all, by demands raised by ecological associations[Stregl] What are other reasons for your intention to and representatives of the regional administration whoproduce nuclear fuel? demand an immediate stop to the chemical extraction of

uranium in Straz pod Ralskem. Chemical production is[Jansky] Above all, we would like to use Czechoslovak cheaper than classical extraction, and if it were stopped,intellectual and production capacities. We have the it would have a substantial impact on the overallknow-how that is recognized all over the world. We are economy of extraction. Besides, chemical extraction andgoing to sell it in cooperation with our foreign partner. mining in Straz pod Ralskem, where the greatest part ofThe production itself is nothing more than quality engi- Czechoslovak uranium is mined, are technologicallyneering. This production has tradition and production interconnected. [passage omitted]facilities in the CSFR. Moreover, there are strategic,technological, and economic reasons. All the fuel rods Reports on Construction of Temelin Nuclear Plantdelivered to our country come from Russia, which is anot-too-stable country, as far as prices and deliveries are Completion in Doubtconcerned. Technological and economic properties of LD2705104292 Prague CSTK in English 1723 GMTRussian fuel rods are much worse than properties of fuel 27 May 92rods offered by Western firms. For example, the utiliza-tion of the fission material in Russian fuel rods is much [Excerpt] Ostrava, North Moravia, May 26 (CSTK)-lower, which means that specific costs for fuel are higher The Czech Republic's environment minister, Ivan Dej-and there is more radioactive waste. mal, today said whether or not to stop construction on

the Temelin nuclear power plant is an issue of eco-[Stregl] With which firm would you like to establish the nomics, not ecology.shareholders' company for the production of fuel?

According to the original plans under which it was begun[Jansky] For over a year, we have been negotiating with in the mid-1980s, the Temelin plant, with four Soviet-the American company Westinghouse, French Fram- designed VVER [water-cooled, water-moderatedatome, German Siemens, and Swedish ABB Atom. All reactor] 1000-MW [megawatt] blocks, was to have beenthese firms presented their recent binding offers. They completed by this year. [passage omitted]are extremely interested in establishing a new share-holders' company, since there is a giant market for fuel No Recommendation Madefor the WER-40 and WER-1000 type reactors. Apart AU1706135192 Prague CSTK in Englishfrom the CSFR, Bulgaria, Hungary, Finland, Ukraine, 0941 GMT 16 Jun 92and Russia can be considered.

[Text] Prague-At its extraordinary session on Monday[Stregl] On what does the realization of your intentions [15 June], the outgoing Czech Government recom-depend? mended to its successor, which is only to be appointed,

neither to stop nor continue the construction of the[Jansky] It would be simpler to say what jeopardizes it. nuclear power plant at Temelin, South Bohemia.The lack of coordination of individual entities in nuclearenergy production causes unpleasant complications for Launched in the mid-1980's, the four-bloc plant was tous. For example, we are discussing the establishment of have been completed by this year, but in early 1990, thethe said joint company for fuel for the VVER reactors post-communist government decided to go through withand, at the same time, the Czech Electric Power Plants only two in Czechoslovakia of the four soviet-designedare looking for a supplier of nuclear fuel for the Temelin WER [water-moderated water-cooled power reactor]nuclear power station. Of course, companies with which 1000-MW blocs, on the condition that they be outfittedwe are dealing can also be considered. The negotiations with Western-made safety devices.

JPRS-TND-92-01919 June 1992 NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA 15

INDIA Agni. In the civilian rocket vehicles ascent temperatureduring re-entry stage is of the order of 3000 to 5000

Agni Missile Launch Defended Despite U.S. Ban degree centigrade. That means the metallurgy needed infabricating the last stage of the Agni missile should be

Development Program 'Intact' such as to withstand these high temperatures. All this hasbeen achieved indigenously by our scientists.BK1006 142292 Delhi THE HIND US TAN TIMES

in English 30 May 92 p 13 Weapons Development Urged

[Editorial: "Agui-II"] BK1206101692 Delhi PATRIOTin English 1 Jun 92 p 4

[Text] The second successful launching of the Agniintermediate range ballistic missile on Friday indicates [Editorial: "After Agni, what?"]more than anything else that India's missile develop-ment programme is still intact despite Washington's [Text] After the successful blast-off on May 20 of theputting hurdles ostensibly under the missile technology Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV), has comecontrol regime [MTCR]. The progress achieved by our another "technology demonstrator", this time in thespace scientists in both civilian and defence rocket field of defence technology, the launching of the 2500technology, specially in the wake of the US sanctions, km-range one-tonne pay load surface-to-surface missile,first Prithvi then the ASLV [Augmented Satellite Launch Agni II. After the success in the blast-off, the Agni IIVehicle] and now Agni, also shows that the Indian space seems to have developed a snag in the second, or theprogramme is in safe hands and that the civilian and re-entry, phase. But this does not matter much. Adefence space personnel working under the leadership of number of technologies are involved in launching mis-Prof. U. R. Rao and Dr Abdul Kalam are capable of siles: in Agni II, only one of them has had some prob-driving themselves hard to prove their mettle under lems. It should not be difficult for our scientists andadverse conditions. Even if our space progress has come engineers to correct this defect. In the field of spacein for a lot of flak from the US, India has shown to the research for peaceful and civilian uses, there were asworld what it means to be self-reliant. When the US many failures as successes in ASLV launches-betweenGovernment imposed a ban on ISRO [Indian Space the blast-off of Aryabhata from Russia in 1975 and theResearch Organization] for negotiating with its Russian May 20 take-off from Sriharikota. It is from their failurescounterpart the sale of cryogenic rocket engines, Wash- that our space scientists have drawn lessons which haveington's ire was in fact directed at the Indian break- brought them successes. But the question is: What afterthrough in Agni and its fear of the Indian Army the "demonstrator effect"? The three years' delay inacquiring the Agni missile fleet eventually. Far from launching Agni II has had an adverse effect on theremaining a mere "technology demonstrator", the morale of our defence scientists and created an impres-second Agni success comes at a time when both China sion in the public that in the political uncertainties whichand Pakistan have been flexing their nuclear muscles. It came soon after the launching of Agni I in July 1989, ourcould not have come at a more propitious time when political leadership could not withstand the pressuresboth our neighbours seem to understand only the lan- from Western powers to refrain from further develop-guage of matching deterrence. ment of indigenous missile technology. While taking a

decision on what to do with our technological capabilityWashington and its allies have been swearing by non- in the field of missiles, our political leadership cannotproliferation and their strict adherence to the MTCR forget that in our neighbourhood China, Kazakhstan,ever since India successfully test-fired the first Agni Iran and Saudi Arabia possess missiles and missilemissile with a range of 2,500 kms in May 1989. They did technologies of varied range and that Pakistan has atheir best to deny the Indian space establishment the missile programme under way, aside from the fact that itvital guidance components and on-board-computers for can get missiles from the Saudis and China. The latterAgni. These two act as the brain of the missile. This has been a source of missile technology for Pakistan.rather unfriendly attitude did not deter our scientists and India has to develop its strategic weapon for the kind ofengineers from developing their own indigenous substi- threat-potential posed by proliferation of nuclear armstutes which have now paid them rich dividends. The US and delivery systems in our neighbourhood. It is apolicy-makers must now realise that the harder they modest consolation that, despite tremendous odds, wedrive our space scientists to the point of desperation, the have kept our options open. But that is not enough. Nowmore futile will be the former's efforts and the more is the time to make up for the mistake we made 18 yearssuccessful will the latter prove in achieving their set ago when Pokharan was not followed up with the logicalgoals. The breakthrough in Agni is not just a matter of next step. Now we have reached a situation in which wedeveloping our own guidance and computer systems on have to be prepared for an immediate response to anyboard the last stage of the missile, but developing other threat to our country. Ultimately, of course, there is nolaunch vehicle technologies as well. These pertain to solution to the problem of proliferation, except a totalre-entry dynamics and rocket engines needed for civilian ban, as we have been advocating all along. But we canand defence missiles. There is a considerable difference negotiate for a ban not from a position of weaknessin launching a satellite carrying rocket and a missile like entailed by our "have not" status. We have to acquire a

JPRS-TND-92-01916 NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA 19 June 1992

position of parity to be able to negotiate as an equal. But Yet, even in the case of Iraq, the United States and itsthis would mean facing unimaginable pressures and allies were unable to eliminate its nuclear infrastructurearmtwisting. We can put up with all this and undergo all by war. They resorted to the United Nations, whoseconsequential hardships, if our political leadership teams took many months to carry out wide-rangingshows determination and strives for a national con- inspection tasks and blow up installations. Even now, itsensus. The ruling party has to take the initiative and the is not certain that the teams have managed to dispose ofothers have to rise above partisan interests if the threats everything that had to be disposed of and that Iraq willto the nation are to be thwarted, not revert to its evil ways when the UN inspection is

concluded.

Procurement of Nuclear Parts From UK Denied Recent reports may have created the false impressionBK1506162592 Delhi All India Radio Network that a turnabout has taken place in the balance of powerin English 1530 GMT 15 Jun 92 in the region. The actual situation is different, particu-

larly with respect to Syria. Damascus has lost its strategic[Text] India today categorically denied any clandestine partner, the Soviet Union; unlike in the past, it cannotprocurement of key components for nuclear and missile look to Iraq for help, and it is doubtful whether Dam-programs from Britain. A spokesman of the External ascus will be able to recruit another Arab partner for aAffairs Ministry described the report in this regard military confrontation with Israel.appearing in a London newspaper as mischievous andpolitically motivated. Speaking to newsmen in New It should be further remembered that despite the recentDelhi, he said some components required for short-range bout of arms procurement, Syria encounters difficultiesmissiles were negotiated for purchase as far back as 1986 in buying very sophisticated equipment: Many marketsonly with the prior permission of the British Govern- are close to it, and it has difficulties in paying off debtsment. He also said the wild allegations made against the for the already purchased weapons. It is true that itsBhabha Atomic Research Center are clearly intended to surface-to-surface missiles pose a danger to the Israelimalign India's nuclear program for peaceful purposes. home front, but their primary purpose is to deter Israel

from launching a war.

ISRAEL Thus, all the signs show that Israel's qualitative edge willgrow in the coming years and that Syria will be hard putto attain strategic parity with Israel. It is likewise highly

Actions Against Iran Conditioned on U.S. Consent doubtful that Damascus will be capable of attaining aTA 1606111892 Tel Aviv HA'ARETZ military nuclear option in this decade.in Hebrew 16 Jun 92 p Al Iran, on the other hand, will probably reach such capability

by the end of the decade and, in the wake of the lessons of[Commentary by Ze'ev Schiff: "Extensive Action the Gulf war, it is indeed striving to acquire the capability toAgainst Arab Nuclear Installations Possible Only With manufacture means of mass destruction.U.S. Consent"] Tehran allocates about $2 billion a year for the reorga-[Text] It is highly doubtful, in the military sense, that the nization of its Army, although the process of building up1981 operation in which the Iraqi reactor was blown up its military will be lengthy, particularly in view of itscan be repeated with equal effortlessness against an Arab ambition to end its political isolation and to maintaincountry or against Iran, should one of them begin better relations with numerous countries in the West.nuclear activity.

For some reason, the generals who reviewed militaryNot only will distances be greater-from Algeria to developments in recent days avoided noting that parallelIran-and routes more hazardous, the Arabs, too, have to the extensive military buildup in the region-learned their lessons from the 1981 event, and they will primarily in Persian Gulf countries-a peace process inbe able to conceal their nuclear activities if they so wish. which Damascus is a party is also under way and that the

It is likewise doubtful whether Israel should pledge to American presence in the region constitutes a clearstop Arab nuclear activities by force, as implied by the stabilizing factor.remarks of Major General Herzl Bodinger, the Air Forcecommander. It should be remembered that, contrary to1981, many Arab countries now have an instant retalia- Iranian Nuclear Capability Termed 'Worrisome'tion capability made up of surface-to-surface missiles TA0806150892 Tel Aviv IDF Radiowhich could be directed at the Israeli home front. in Hebrew 1400 GMT 8 Jun 92

In fact, an extensive operation against Arab nuclearinstallations will be possible only if the United States [Text] Iran is conducting a very worrisome nuclearbuckles down to the task and rounds up a few of its project and will be capable of reaching independentpartners. nuclear capability by the end of the decade, Major


General Uri Sagi, head of the Intelligence Branch, esti- linking Western firms, some of which had previouslymates. Our military correspondent 'Ido Baum heard assisted Iraq, with aid to Iran and Libya in return forGen. Sagi. astronomic sums of money.

Gen. Sagi said today that Iran is investing a great deal of The senior source said that Israel is deeply concernedeffort in developing the infrastructure for a nuclear about the activities of the firms, which provide Libyaproject. Sagi estimated that within eight to 10 years, Iran and Iran with experts and assist them in setting upwill have a nuclear capability if action is not taken to infrastructures and in developing nonconventionaldestroy the project. weapons, which will be aimed at Israel in the future.

[Begin Sagi recording] Iran is conducting a nuclear Major General Uri Sagi, head of the IDF [Israel Defensefusion project which might cause us to be concerned Forces] Intelligence Branch, said earlier this week thatabout our existence and basic security if and when that Iran is expected to reach nuclear capability within nineprocess become irreversible. I do not want to frighten to 10 years, and if it is not stopped, Israel's veryyou because that is not the situation now, but if with existence could be endangered.time the Iranian effort is not foiled, and it can befoiled-if it is not slowed down or stopped-and it can Gen. Sagi also said that Libya is developing a missilebe slowed down and stopped-then with time that called al-Fatah. It is a long-range missile capable ofpotential will become real and by the end of the decade, reaching 1,000 km. He said that the missile is in the earlywhich is also the end of the century, it will be possible for stages of development, and its technological level is low.Iran to achieve an independent nuclear capability. [end Libya is getting assistance from Western companies forrecording] the project.

Gen. Sagi also talked about Israeli Air Force activity in An investigation by HA'ARETZ has revealed that atsouth Lebanon. In his view, Hizballah has understood least nine Western firms and dozens of atomic scientiststhe message. That can be learned from the announce- are currently helping Iran develop an atomic program,ments by the Lebanese Government and what is hap- which began in the mid- 1970's under the shah. From thepening in the field, Gen. Sagi said. outset, the program was meant to match Iran's capabilitywith that of Iraq and Pakistan. [passage omitted]The Intelligence Branch's investigation indicates that the

terrorist squad which landed in Elat last week belonged Defense sources said that there is close cooperationto a three-member Fatah squad. All three trained in between Israel, the United States, and other countries inbases in Libya before leaving on their mission, an attempt to halt these Western companies fromassisting Libya and Iran.Gen. Sagi also said that he does not know about any

Israeli involvement in the murder of the PLO official in A senior government source said that Israel will not sitParis today but noted that 'Atif Bsisu had a rich terrorist idly in the face of Iran's accelerated nuclear developmentpast, which began with the murder of the Israeli athletes program. Although Iran will not have an atomic bombat the Munich Olympics and other attacks for the Black for another 10 years, Israel will not wait but will use allSeptember and Fatah organizations. possible means to prevent it.

[Jerusalem Qol Yisra'el in Hebrew at 1400 GMT on 8June carries a report on Gen. Sagi's comments on Bsisu's 'Tacit' Accord With Syria on Lebanese Airspaceassassination and adds: "The intelligence chief refusedto comment on 'Arafat's charge that the Mosad mur- TA 1406155492 Tel Aviv IDF Radio in Hebrewdered Bsisu and said he read about it this morning."] 1400 GMT 14 Jun 92

[Text] Israel Air Force is making great efforts to avoidWestern Firms' Links With Iran, Libya Cited showdowns with the Syrians during its raids in Lebanon,TA 1106152592 Tel Aviv HA'ARETZ in Hebrew according to Major General Herzl Bodinger, the Air11 Jun 92 p 5 Force commander. He added that there is an unwritten

agreement that Lebanese airspace is under the control ofIsrael Air Force and that the Syrians are not to operate

[Report by Eytan Rabin] there. Our army affairs correspondent 'Ido Baum filedthis report a short while ago:

[Excerpts] Israel is working with the United States andother countries to halt cooperation between Western [Begin recording] [Baum] Maj. Gen. Herzl Bodinger, Aircompanies and Iran and Libya. These companies Force commander, judges that the Air Force incursionsassisted Iraq in developing its nonconventional weapons into south Lebanon have had an impact on Hizballah.and are now helping Iran and Libya develop such arms. Gen. Bodinger says the Air Force is making efforts to

avoid confrontations with the Syrians in Lebanese skiesA senior government source in Jerusalem told and to demonstrate that we are not interested in suchHA'ARETZ that information has accumulated in Israel confrontations.

JPRS-TND-92-01918 NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA 19 June 1992

[Bodinger] There is a tacit understanding that Lebanese Answering reporters' questions after the ceremony, Min-airspace is a space where our Air Force flies unhindered, ister Arens said that the whole world should be con-while theirs does not. So far, this balance has not been cerned by the Iranian attempts to obtain nuclear armsupset. There are no signed documents to that effect; it is and the Syrian attempts to obtain chemical weapons.just a tacit understanding, simply because we fly there.We have taken possession; that is a fact. Anyway, they do Arens called for international pressure on these twonot get menacingly close on their side of the border. countries to stop their nonconventional arsenal buildup.

[Baum] Gen. Herzl Bodinger goes on to say that nuclearweapons should be prevented from reaching Iran and PRC Envoy Denies Sale of N-Weapons toother countries in our region. Asked whether the Air MideastForce can attack nuclear targets in Iran, he replies that TA1606112592 Jerusalem Qol Yisra'el in Hebrewdistant places can be reached. 1005 GMT 16 Jun 92

[Bodinger] You have to create the greatest possibleinterference in every available way-military, political, [Text] The newly arrived Chinese ambassador categori-or through the international mediation-in a bid to cally denies reports that the PRC supplies Middle Eastprevent, as far as possible, the entry of such weapons into countries with nuclear weapons. As for other weapons,the region. From an international viewpoint, the entire he says, the PRC does not intend to upset the balance ofworld needs this. That spot can no doubt spark a world power in the Middle East. The PRC ambassador waswar that would start with a nuclear move. As for the hosted by the Haifa Municipality today. Our correspon-capability to reach that spot: The capability to reach dent Shula Schmerling reports:many places is available.

[Begin recording] [Schmerling] The new PRC ambas-[Baum] In a meeting with military correspondents on Air sador, Lin Zhen, who is apparently unaccustomed toForce Day, Gen. Bodinger says that by next spring the Western-type attacks by journalists who strike directly atAir Force will have tested both the theoretical and the underbelly of relations between the two countries,operational aspects of the F- 16's and F- 18's, and will gives terse replies to questions he does not like, clearlyadvise the chief of staff which will best benefit Israel's demonstrating his displeasure.future Air Force. [end recording]

Is there truth in the recent reports that China suppliesMiddle East countries-Iran and perhaps Syria-with

Arens on Terrorism, Nonconventional Arms Race weapons? Does China plan to take Russia's place in thisTA1606085792 Tel Aviv YEDI'OTAHARONOT sphere?in Hebrew 16 Jun 92 p 12 [Lin, in English] We are not doing many things in this

field, and I do not think this will upset the balance of the

[Report by Tzvi Singer] weaponry in this region.

[Schmerling translates and continues] He adds: We

[Excerpt] [passage omitted] Defense Minister Moshe strive to peace and stability in this region.Arens represented the government at a memorial cere- The next question really angers the ambassador. Doesmony for the IDF [Israel Defense Forces] fallen of the China supply Arab countries with nuclear weapons?Lebanon war held on Mount Herzl in Jerusalem yes-terday. [Lin, in English] It is nonsense. China never supplies any

nuclear weapons to any country.In his address, Arens said: "When the IDF went into the

Lebanon war, Lebanon was controlled by terror organi- [Schmerling translates and continues] At this point, thezations, and Israel's residents suffered daily terror ambassador turns angrily to his host, Haifa Mayor Aryeattacks and casualties." Gur'el, remarking: I thought I was invited to a reception.

I did not know it was a news conference."In the Peace for Galilee war," Arens added, "we paid a

heavy price to make sure that the children of Qiryat The other subjects, however-future economic ties andShemona, Misgav 'Am, and Nahariyya live in peace and possibly cultural ties between China and Israel-weresecurity. Since the Lebanon war, almost no Israeli citizen definitely more to his liking. He says: Endless possibili-was hurt as a result of a terror act coming from Lebanon. ties for business and economic ties have arisen. I have

not finalized any ideas in this field, but the start is very"The campaign against terrorism in Lebanon is not over. encouraging.Terror organizations still operate against Israel fromsouthern Lebanon. The Syrian and Lebanese Govern- The actual reason for Lin Zhen's visit to Haifa was thements are responsible for these acts of terror. Israel decision to establish a twin cities pact-the first of itsexpects these governments to use their influence to curb kind-between Haifa and the great Chinese port,terrorism." Shanghai. [end recording]


PAKISTAN power plant to Pakistan. France had hinted during theprime minister's visit to France [as heard] in January

French Supply of Nuclear Plant Ruled Out this year that it was ready to provide a nuclear plant to

BK1006160992 Islamabad Radio Pakistan Network Pakistan under International Atomic Energy Agency

in Urdu 1500 GMT 10 Jun 92 safeguards. Although no agreements have been signed,talks are expected to be held in this regard.

[Excerpts] [passage omitted] Briefing newsmen in Islam-abad today, a Foreign Office spokesman said that Paki- Nuclear Reactor Upgrade Achievement Claimedstan, as current chairman of the Group of 77 of devel- 92AS0999D Karachi JASARAT in Urdu 29 Apr 92 p Ioping countries, will make efforts to help facilitateconsensus between the developed and developing coun- [News report: "Pakistan Reactivated a Nuclear Reactortries on a number of issues which still remain unre- and Upgraded Its Power; the President Will Inauguratesolved. [passage omitted] 10 Megawatt Reactor on 28 May"]

On the nuclear issue, the spokesman reaffirmed Paki- [Text] Islamabad, (JASARAT Correspondent): Presidentstan's stand that it will accept complete nuclear safe- Ghulam Ishaq Khan will perform the opening ceremonyguards on all its nuclear programs provided India also of a 10-megawatt [MW] reactor in Nellore. The work ondoes so. He said France, in accordance with its amended the reactor was done in Pakistan. The 5-MW reactor thatpolicy on export of nuclear materials, is supplying Pakistan had received in 1972 had ceased to function;nuclear power plants to countries which accept safe- however, Pakistani experts not only reactivated it butguards on all their nuclear facilities. Therefore, there is also augmented its power to 10 MW. This is a notableno possibility of its supplying the proposed nuclear achievement for Pakistani nuclear specialists.

JPRS-TND-92-01920 CENTRAL EURASIA 19 June 1992

Gorbachev Urges Nuclear Powers to Stop Testing speed up the transition to a new world order, whichLD1106224992 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English would also facilitate the resolution of issues involved in2132 GMT 11 Jun 92 regional conflicts.

[Signed] Mikhail Gorbachev.[Text] Moscow June 11 TASS-ITAR-TASS todayreceived an appeal by former Soviet President Mikhail [Dated] June 10, 1992.Gorbachev to the leaders of countries possessing nuclearweapons, urging them to stop nuclear testing. Followingis the full text of the appeal: Russia Expects Nuclear Agreement in U.S.

"Mikhail Gorbachev's appeal to the leaders of countries LD1406215992 Moscow Radio Rossii Networkpossessing nuclear weapons-George Bush, Boris in Russian 1900 GMT 14 Jun 92Yeltsin, Francois Mitterrand, John Major, and YangShangkun. [Text] The United States will render assistance to Russia

As a person whose efforts helped to launch the process of in ensuring security in the transportation, storage, andnuclear disarmament, I regard it as my right to appeal to elimination of nuclear, chemical, and other weapons.you, my former partners, urging a complete cessation of According to the Russian Information Agency, it isnuclear weapons tests. expected that interstate agreements will be signed on

these issues by Boris Yeltsin and George Bush on 17The profound changes that have occurred in the world June in Washington. The U.S. Congress earlier decidedover the past several years have significantly under- to allocate $400 million to this end. In addition to this,mined the role of nuclear weapons as a factor in contem- three agreements have been prepared between the Rus-porary world politics. The global nuclear threat, which sian Federation's Ministry of Atomic Energy and thewas a product of the cold war, has for all practical U.S. Department of Defense. There is a possibility thatpurposes disappeared. an agreement on cooperation in the elimination of

chemical weapons could be prepared during the visit.In the past, the principal argument for continuing During Boris Yeltsin's visit to Washington, Russia andnuclear testing was that nuclear weapons had to be kept the United States intend to remove a number of imped-operational and improved qualitatively-as a "deter- iments to the work of representatives of both countriesrent" and in order to keep up with the 'adversary'. An which were created during the cold war period. Weadditional argument used for some time was that con- remind you that Boris Yeltsin's first visit across thetrolling low-yield underground explosions was impos- ocean as head of state begins on Monday.sible. Both of these arguments are no longer valid.

What is more, it is becoming increasingly clear that Russia Adopts Resolution on Nuclear Securityqualitative improvement of nuclear weapons wouldmake meaningless their quantitative reductions-reductions that everyone now agrees are necessary and Toughens Controlthat the United States and Russia are already under- 0W0906193292 Moscow INTERFAXtaking. in English 1749 GMT 9 Jun 92

Continued testing by nuclear powers weakens the non-proliferation regime, since near-nuclear states can point [Following item transmitted via KYODO]out that everyone has a right to act in accordance withthe principle of sovereignty. But, the renunciation oftesting by nuclear powers, made legally binding under [Text] The Russian President has adopted a resolutioninternational law, would create a barrier that those who on the State Committee on control over nuclear andwould like to acquire nuclear weapons would find it hard radiation security under the Russian president. Theto penetrate, committee was ordered to submit to the government

within the next three months in coordination with theFinally, it is clear that underground tests, despite all Russian Economy Ministry and Finance Ministry theprecautions, cause grave damage to the environment. I procedures for issuing licenses on construction, exploi-am referring not only to accidental discharges of radio- tation, reconstruction and modernization of radioac-active substances but also to the remote consequences of tively hazardous facilities, and terms of payment fornuclear tests, about which little is known so far. them. Permission is also required for production, trans-

portation, storage, use and burial of nuclear materials, asAll of this prompts me to put before you the following well as for storage, re-processing, transportation andquestion: Is this not the time for a complete prohibition burial of radioactive disposal. The resolution envisagesof nuclear testing? I believe that the international situa- the licensing of creation, production, testing, storage andtion now makes it possible to do so. Such step would liquidation of nuclear arms.

JPRS-TND-92-01919 June 1992 CENTRAL EURASIA 21

Export Controls Tightened turns out that big money can be earned for the father-PM0906093592 Moscow ROSSIYSKA YA GAZETA land's benefit from written-off military "scrap metal."in Russian 6 Jun 92 First Edition p 6 The I.V.K. Joint-Stock Company and the "Kompleks"

Science and Technology Center held a promotion for"Start," the first Russian multipurpose mobile space

[Russian Federation Government Resolution No. 366 rocket complex, at the International Trade Center on"On Approving Documents Regulating the Export of Krasnaya Presnya.Dual-Use Equipment and Materials and TechnologyThat Can Be Used for Nuclear Purposes," in Moscow] The most intriguing detail in this project is that the new[Text] In order to tighten control of exports from the space rocket launcher, designed for lifting small satellites[TextsIan orderatotighten control ofu-s e xupm materials into near-earth orbit, is designed on the basis of SS-20Russian Federation of dual-use equipment and pu rials and SS-25 missiles, which once instilled terror into theand technology that can be used for nuclear purposes, the "fiercest" of Western "hawks." Thanks to this, the

complex was developed in record time (less than nine1. The guiding principles of the transfer of dual-use months) and required minimal investments. The "Start"equipment and materials and technology that can be project is our country's first aerospace initiative onused for nuclear purposes, the list of dual-use equipment which not a single ruble has been spent from the budget.and materials and technology that can be used fornuclear purposes, and the memorandum of under- According to Sergey Zinchenko, vice president of thestanding, which were adopted by the nuclear supplier I.V.K. Joint-Stock Company, the "Start-1" rocket iscountries in accordance with the accords reached in designed for commercial launches for civilian purposes.Warsaw in March-April, are to be approved. Not for any money will the so-called "black boxes" be

lifted into orbit. Although, naturally, the Russian Feder-2. The Russian Federation Foreign Ministry is to follow ation Ministry of Defense can buy "launches" to meet itsthe established procedure and send in May 1992 to the own requirements, but on equal terms with all otherstates that reached the accords in Warsaw in March- customers. Large-scale reductions of the armed forcesApril 1992 notes on the Russian Federation's adherence and the unsuccessfully launched conversion programto the documents mentioned in point 1 of this resolution have hit defense enterprises, and the economy as aand inform the director general of the International whole, too heavily. The vice president stressed that theAtomic Energy Agency about this. implementation of "Start" has already preserved thou-3. The Russian Federation Commission on Export Con- sands of jobs and saved unique scientific collectivestrol under the Russian Federation Government and the from oblivion. Therefore there is nothing strange in theRussian Federation Ministry of Atomic Energy, in con- fact the president's economic advisers have approved the

junction with other interested ministries and depart- program as a whole, and Vice Premier Ye. Gaydar hasments of the Russian Federation, are to present to the blessed the initiative with his signature. S. ZinchenkoRussian Federation Government in 1992 proposals on promised that the Army would not be left withoutmeasures to implement in the Russian Federation the employment either.

documents provided for in point 1 of this resolution. Market analysis carried out jointly with U.S. experts has

[Signed] Ye. Gaydar, first deputy chairman of the Rus- shown that by the end of the century the potentialsian Federation Government. market will comprise approximately 300 launches.

Although "Start" is a "newcomer" on the international[Dated] 29 May 1992 market, in the opinion of Yu. Solomonov, director of the

"Kompleks" Science and Technology Center, the neweSatellite Launching rocket is more than competitive, even in comparison

Russia Announces Private Swith such mighty projects as "Arianne," "Delta," andPM0406120192 Moscow ROSSIYSK4 YA GAZETA "Iridium." Especially thanks to the incredibly low costin Russian 4 Jun 92 First Edition p 3 and the unique technical solutions utilized in the SS-20

and SS-25 rockets. The "Start" complex is absolutely

[Report by Dmitriy Slobodyanyuk under the "Conver- autonomous; in other words a launch can be carried outsion" rubric: "SS-20's 'Refitted' for Outer Space"] not only from the space vehicle launch site, but even

from an unprepared launch pad. In addition to every-[Text] The last restrictions on private entrepreneurial thing else, the solid fuel used in the motors of rockets ofactivity in the sphere of high technology production this class contain a low level of compounds that areprocesses were lifted with the beginning of economic harmful to the environment, which guarantees sufficientreform. By now it has become clear that the state ecological safety for the launches.conversion program, if it has not failed altogether, hasbeen delayed for many years to come. But the initial I.V.K. specialists claim that the use of such rockets forresults of private initiatives are finally appearing against civilian launches is especially discussed in the Soviet-the background of this muted failure. The implementa- U.S. Treaty on Strategic Offensive Weapons, and thetion of simple decisions is beginning to bear solid fruit. It "Start" complex does not come within any of the bans or


limitations stipulated in the treaty. The rocket is totally complex leadership had decided whether or not theydevoid of a "military filling" and meets all the necessary should sell the antidote, time had passed and the war hadcriteria, ended.

The institute does not hide the fact that it works withRussia's Defense Microbiology Institute Visited particularly dangerous bacteria. After all, you can verify

the action of a protective vaccine only by means ofPM1506095392 Moscow IZVESTIYA in Russian experiments. We were allowed to enter the building12 Jun 92 Morning Edition p 2 where they are carried out. But we were warned that first

of all we would have to be inoculated, and following our[Report by Viktor Litovkin: "'We Have No Bacteriolog- visit to the building we would have to go into quarantineical Weapons,' Military Bacteriologists Maintain"] for two weeks, as the institute's employees do. Alas, wedid not have the time.

[Text] The Russian Ministry of Defense MicrobiologyResearch Institute is in very center of the city of Kirov. But, as the scientists maintain, the following fact testifiesAlthough there is still no sign outside it, the fence to the level of epidemiological protection and security insurrounding it is covered with barbed wire, entry into the institute: A total of 1,600 people live on the territoryand exit from the installation is by permit only, and this of the scientific research institute, including women andwas the first time that journalists from Moscow had been children-the families of the most senior specialists. Weallowed in here, everyone in the area knows that the saw children playing freely by the fences surrounded byinstitute is directly connected with bacteriological barbed wire and by the bunkers.weapons. The microbiological institute has many problems today."We have not produced any bacteriological weapons in The main one is the lack of resources. One-third ofthe past and we are not doing so now," Colonel Yevgeniy employees have already left as a result of this. There isPimenov, head of the institute, stated categorically. only enough money in the budget for earnings, there is"Our main purpose is [to provide] means of protection no question of paying for the experiments, or food foragainst dangerous bacteriological pathogens. This means the guinea pigs, mice, and monkeys. The solution lies inprotection both for the military and for civilians." conversion. There is a program aimed at this-with

offers worth 8 million rubles. But the servicemen's handsColonel Pimenov is young-he is only 40. But he is are tied by the ban on their commercial activity. Admit-already a doctor of medical sciences, an honored Armed tedly, that is suitable material for another article.Forces specialist, and winner of the State Prize, and heoccupies a general's post. He started off here in Kirov asa lieutenant after graduating from the Second Medical Russian CHETEC Firm Denies Proliferation RoleInstitute, where he specialized in biophysics. The insti- 92WP0241A Moscow MOSCOW NEWS in Englishtute has 36 State Prize winners, five doctors of science, No 19, 10-17 May 92 p 882 candidates, and a total of 114 officers who arescientists.

[Unattributed article: "Russia's Nuclear Business: Is TheWhat do they do? Their range of interests includes Threat Real?"]microbiology, epidemiology, immunology, genetics, aer-obiology, biochemistry, biophysics, physical and col- [Text] The West is still apprehensive of the state ofloidal chemistry, and biotechnology.... It was here in Russia's nuclear power industry and the eventuality ofKirov that, back in the Great Patriotic War, military uncontrolled exports of nuclear components, primarily ofbacteriologists created the first industrial batch of peni- plutonium, enriched uranium and heavy water.cillin, which saved the lives of thousands of servicemen,the first streptomycin and other antibiotics against the Foreign experts say that the real threat emanates fromplague, tularemia, glanders, and anthrax.... fledgling private "entrepreneurs" rather than "uranium

mafia" whose very existence is doubted by many, forThe combined vaccine against anthrax developed in the criminals prefer rare-earth elements. The biggest head-institute is without equal in the world as regards effec- ache is the appearance of pseudo-private companiestiveness, the scientists claim. We were told how, during blessed by state outfits closely linked with the military-the preparations for the general attack on Iraqi positions, industrial complex and its mighty lobby.the American command recalled that Saddam Husaynpossesses bacteriological weapons, including anthrax, These new Russian "entrepreneurs" are well versed inand the coalition forces had only 40,000 doses of anti- methods of quietly circumventing legal limitations anddote for 400,000 officers and men (and even that was know which ropes to pull in the corridors of power, forintended for animals), which reason a semilegal uranium business may well

whet their appetites. Over a dozen developing states inThe Americans appealed to us to sell them the vaccine, today's world are salivating at the prospect of gettingand offered us a very advantageous contract, but by the quality raw materials for their ambitious military pro-time the Central Committee and the military-industrial grammes.


There have been reports of a private Polish-Russian the company told me: "Dmitriyev's promises and state-company which sells heavy water via Finland, etc. In the ments are full of hot air. We don't want our reputation inmajority of cases such information is found to be untrue, Russia and elsewhere smeared by groundless state-but there is always a grain of truth somewhere. One ments."name, CHETEC, has been in focus of late.

This MN correspondent never saw the new president ofCHETEC, the Russian abbreviation for Man- the company, who was said to be "excessively busy"Technology-Capital, is the name of an international before his planned visit to Germany, where he wanted tocompany founded in December 1990 as a private deal with the issue of CHETEC's bank accounts. Vice-holding corporation, although in reality it has been and President Alexander Fokin told me on the phone that hisis an affiliate of the Ministry of Nuclear Power Engi- company has never been involved in the nuclear busi-neering and the Research Institute of Experimental ness. "We undertake ecological projects only, apart fromPhysics, also known as Arzamas- 16. A year ago the then building apartments for Arzamas- 16 physicists. We pos-President of CHETEC Vladimir Dmitriyev spoke at the sess no technologies and know nothing about anyMoscow conference for the annihilation of chemical Novaya Zemlya experiments," he said.weapons stating that the company was capable of"exporting its services." Soon after he informed an Indeed, the company is on no lists of licensed exportersinternational conference on the ecological aftermath of of nuclear or chemical raw materials or technologies.underground nuclear blasts in Ottawa of an experiment Officials in charge of export control see CHETEC as ato be staged in Novaya Zemlya in the summer of 1992 to product of power play, "They are bluffing" remarkedtest nuclear waste annihilation technologies. Vladimir Fartakov, a Ministry official.

The company then got the backing of Viktor Mikhailov,then chief of the country's nuclear power engineering, Yet many people in the West and in Russia are sceptical.who became Russia's Minister of Nuclear Power Engi- Such pacifying statements are too good to be true,neering in March 1992. He wrote a letter to the U.N. believe some. Others fear that CHETEC is lying low instating that he expected the first tangible results of expectation of better times, or is about to change name-annihilating chemical and nuclear weapons very soon plates.and named CHETEC as a corporation capable offinancing these activities to the tune of 130 million To be objective, there is no proof of CHETEC's illegalrubles. CHETEC was said to hold all rights to the activities. And one must remember the harsh interna-relevant technology, being free to seek partners and tional competition, plus widespread public phobia withsuppliers of the materials to be annihilated-for a price, regard to all things nuclear. Any rumour of uraniumof course. The technology was claimed to be ecologically leaking out of this country or doubtful technologies canclean and based on underground thermonuclear blasts. be used, if not provoked, by America, French andAccording to the Ministry, the technology had been Australian suppliers of enriched uranium, who wouldconsidered and approved by three international confer- lose no opportunity to kick their Russian competitors.ences. The problem is that the Ottawa conference was After all, the export of nuclear power technologies andnot one of them. enriched uranium still holds pride of place with Russian

export companies. In 1991 alone they earned half aProf. William Potter, who is a leading Western investi- billion dollars, although Russia's niche in global ura-gator of CHETEC's activities, confided in THE NEW nium exports is small-a mere 5 to 7 percent. Yet RussiaYORK TIMES that this company which offers obscure now sets its sights on a 25-percent mark...nuclear and chemical services and technologies runs afleet of limos and has representations in eight cities anda luxurious holiday home near Moscow which used to Russian Center Trained DPRK Nuclear Scientistsbelong to the party elite. There were unconfirmed SK1106021992 Seoul YONHAP in English 0137 GMTreports that the company pays the airfare of government 11 Jun 92officials on trips abroad.

The reported millions in CHETEC's purse do not tally [Text] Moscow, June 11 (YONHAP)-North Korea haswith its run-down headquarters. Nevertheless, the let hundreds of scientists study and work at an atomicbuilding is situated two minutes away from Staraya research center in Dubna, Russia, since 1956 in order toPloshchad, the seat of the now defunct Central Com- obtain advanced nuclear technologies, a knowledgeablemittee, and five minutes from the Kremlin, i.e. in a very source said Thursday.privileged location.

The source, who spoke on condition of anonymity, saidNor do today's statements by the top people in the the institute accommodated 10 to 20 North Koreancompany substantiate the high-brow image. Not long ago fellows on a routine basis under an agreement betweenthe Board of Directors released Mr. Dmitriyev "for Pyongyang and Moscow. The exact number and theirreasons of health." In a private conversation an officer of research subjects were still secret, he said.


Hundreds of North Koreans have completed the course Khabarovsk Denies Loss of Nuclear Warheadsin the institute and are now playing important roles in PM1106095492 Moscow KRASNA YA ZVEZDANorth Korea's nuclear development, according to the in Russian 11 Jun 92 p 1source.

[Report by correspondent Colonel V. Usoltsev: "NobodyThe Dubna research center was a major supplier of Lost Any Nuclear Warheads, and Vladimir Desyatov,personnel training and key technologies on machine Representative of the Russian Federation President inoperation and others when North Korea set up its first Khabarovsk Kray, Made No Statements to That Effect"]test nuclear reactor in Yongbyon in 1963 with thesupport of the Kremlin. [Text] Khabarovsk-A number of newspapers published

a report from the POSTFACTUM agency that 23The center, 200 kilometers north of Moscow, has a world nuclear were missing in the Far Eastern Military District.reputation in basic and applied science. It has 2,000 The Far Eastern Military District command apparentlyfellows and 6,000 employees, knew nothing about it. Later POSTFACTUM, citing

Vladimir Desyatov, representative of the Russian Fed-Dubna had rejected fellows from non-communist coun- eration president in Khabarovsk Kray, offered the clar-tries until it started to accept Western countries as ification that the "homeless" warheads may belong toregular member nations apparently due to a serious the Navy and come from the unfinished nuclear subma-financial pinch in 1990. German scientists are currently rines at Komsomolsk-na-Amure's Lenin Komsomolstationed in the institute, the source said. Plant.

I personally was surprised by this report becauseDesyatov himself, not so long ago, used to work at that

Krasnoyarsk Delays Shutdown of Nuclear plant as a design engineer. He could not help knowingReactors that there are hardly likely to be nulcear missiles on0W1206120992 Moscow INTERFAX in English "unfinished submarines."1136 GMT 12 Jun 92 Desyatov was in Komsomolsk-na-Amure. My first tele-

phone conversation was with his assistant Mikhail Che.[Transmitted via KYODO] "It is true that the Russian president's representative

Desyatov and a special commission found these war-[Text] The stoppage of two nuclear reactors producing heads," Mikhail Aleksandrovich confirmed, to my sur-weapons-grade plutonium in the closed city of Krasnoy- prise. "Whom they belong to has not yet been estab-arsk-26 has been put off. The first reactor is expected to lished"be stopped in July instead of June and the secondone-not later than September, although it was to be "Where exactly in Khabarovsk Kray was this?"stopped at the end of August. "Not far from Komsomolsk. Where precisely? I cannot

• tell you that yet."The administration of the local chemical and mining

mill believes that the schedule proposed by the Russian So the enigmatic story "unfurled." But on TuesdayAtomic Inspection Committee does not correspond to morning I at last succeeded in talking with Vladimirnuclear production's technological characteristics. To Desyatov himself by telephone.avoid accidents, experts prefer not to hurry. "I gave no interviews about this to any news agency or

newspaper," he stated immediately, when I told him the

Irkutsk Angara Factory To Produce Refractories purpose of the conversation. "My 'statement' about 23nuclear warheads lost by the military is the fabrication of

LD1006161992 Moscow POSTFACTUM in English idle journalists. Only someone who was either perma-1147 GMT 10 Jun 92 nently drunk or not in his right mind could make such a

statement."

[From the "Politics" section] "Vladimir Mikhaylovich, how are we to assess the state-ment by your assistant Mikhail Che that you did find the

[Text] Irkutsk-The Angara uranium-enrichment fac- warheads?"tory and the Irkutsk private joint-stock company Magir "Obviously Mikhail Aleksandrovich expressed himselfplan to organize the joint production of super-hard inaccurately. He knows that I did indeed say previouslyrefractories. Magir staff told PF [POSTFACTUM] mag- that there were nuclear warheads in the armory of anesites from the Larchinsk field in the Chita region are certain unit, and that they are not there now. They haveplanned to be used as raw material. The projected been moved to another storage facility, which I have nocapacity of the joint enterprise's first stage is from doubt is safe. I have seen with my own eyes, as they20,000 to 50,000 tonnes per year. saying goes, that they are not now in the vicinity of


Komsomolsk. They have not been mislaid, as certain Ukraine Plans Removal of Nuclear Weaponspublications are trying to tell their readers, but, I repeat,they have been removed for storage in a different special Kravchuk on Arms Destructionfacility." LD1106220792 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English

2128 GMT 11 Jun 92At the end of our conversation the Russian president'srepresentative repeated that he had made no irrespon- [By UKRINFORM correspondent Ivan Sayko]sible statements about nuclear warheads and had no [Excerpt] Kiev June 11 TASS-The Ukrainian presi-intention of making any such statements. dent's first visit to France will be held on June 16 and 17,

That is the whole story. Leonid Kravchuk told reporters today.

During the visit Kravchuk will meet President FrancoisMitterrand and sign several bilateral agreements.

Byelarus Requires 7 Years To Remove Asked about cutting nuclear weapons Kravchuk stressedN-Weapons that Ukraine prioritizes destroying all nuclear weapons.

wKRASNA YA ZVEZDA In the future Ukraine shall become a non-nuclear, non-PM1 706153592 Moscow K SNYAZV DAaligned state, he said.

in Russian 17 Jun 92 p 3

There are no tactical nuclear weapons on its territory andstrategic weapons are being destroyed, he said. [passageomitted]

[Report by BEITA-TASS correspondent T. Khryapina:"Republic of Byelarus Will Need Seven Years To Rid Reiterated in Treaty With FranceItself of Strategic Nuclear Weapons Is Deputy L. LD1606155292 Moscow ITAR-TASS in EnglishPrivalov's Opinion"] 1529 GMT 16 Jun 92

[By UKRINFORM correspondents Sergey Batyrev and[Text] "To rid itself completely of strategic nuclear Viktor Demidenko-TASS]weapons the Republic of Byelarus will need sevenyears." This was stated in a talk with your BE1TA [Excerpt] Paris June 16 TASS-Ukraine reiterated itscorrespondent by Leonid Privalov, people's deputy of pledge to become nuclear-free in a treaty on mutualByelarus and deputy chairman of the republic Supreme understanding and cooperation signed with France bySoviet commission for questions of national security, presidents of the two countries on Tuesday.defense, and the struggle against crime. The treaty also envisages further development of bilat-"To conduct this operation more rapidly," he said, "we eral ties, as well as interaction between the two states in

need enormous funds which, taking into account the international organisations. The two countries will holdneedenomou fuds wich taingintoaccuntthe immediate consultations in case a threat to peaceeconomic troubles and the difficulties in forming the imediaTe consultation in case ratto peacebudgt ad ceatig or on Ared orcs, w canot emerges. The main direction of cooperation betweenbudget and creating our own Armed Forces, we cannot Ukraine and France is "to build a peaceful Europe basedallow ourselves. But points are already being specified on principles of solidarity". [passage omitted]for unloading and delivery to the territory of the RussianFederation and a system of control is being developed by Ukraine To Continue Producing Nuclear PowerByelarusian representatives for the destruction of the LD1206225292 Kiev Ukrayinske Radio First Programnuclear charges withdrawn from Byelarus' territory. We Network in Ukrainian 0500 GMT 11 Jun 92do not intend to retain strategic offensive nuclearweapons. The republic's position on that issue is a [Text] Participants of yesterday's meeting betweenprincipled one." Ukrainian President Leonid Kravchuk and representa-

tives of the Nuclear Power Complex of the Republic"The last train with tactical nuclear weapons left Bye- reached the conclusion that there is no alternative tolarusian territory back on 27 April," the people's deputy nuclear energy, so Ukraine will continue to develop itrecalled. "It was the first step taken to come closer to the but on the basis of new technology, better reliability, andprojected goal-nuclear-free status and a neutral state." safety.

JPRS-TND-92-01926 WEST EUROPE 19 June 1992

AUSTRIA Particularly interesting are another 1024.4 grams of testfuel of the "Skoda AI" reactor type.

CSFR Citizens Arrested for Smuggling Uranium This does not mean that the radioactive material neces-sarily comes from the CSFR. This CSFR reactor materialis used all over the former East Bloc and also in India

Fissile Material Found and Pakistan.A U1006152092 Vienna ORF Teletext in German1455 GMT 10 Jun 92 The incident shows some parallels to the police success

last week-for instance, the unsuitable manner in which[Text] Attempts to smuggle uranium were foiled for the the traveling bags and the plastic bags containing thesecond time in a week in Vienna. Three CSFR citizens uranium were transported. The smugglers endanger theirwere arrested at a parking lot in Vienna's 11 th district own health in this way.today. A total of 3 kg of fissile material, which theywanted to sell to Arabs, as they claimed, were seized. Michael Sika, director general for public security, thinks

that the two operations were carried out by differentInitial examinations at the Seibersdorf research center organizations, however. In fact, the material is notrevealed that it would have been possible to extract 55 identical. The material that was seized in Pratersterngrams of pure uranium from the material. The material, Square last week was part of a reactor of the Soviethowever, did not pose a danger for the population. WWR-1000 type. The fuel rods seized in front of the

Huma supermarket cannot yet be exactly identified, butMembers of the Austrian antiterrorist task force (EBT) they certainly do not belong to a WWR-1000 reactor.uncovered the smuggling attempt.

Seibersdorf engineers say that there was no danger forInvestigation Detailed the customers at the Huma supermarket. The fuel rods

are harmless at a short distance.A U1106065992 Vienna KURIER in German11 Jun 92 p 17 Smugglers Seen as Amateurs

A U1206083892 Vienna DIE PRESSE in German[Report by Peter Grolig and W. Theuretsbacher: "Three 12 Jun 92 p 16Nuclear Smugglers Arrested at Supermarket"]

[Report by Michael Lohmeyer: "Uranium Smugglers[Text] The activities of an international nuclear mafia Only Amateurs? Experts Give Reassurance: 'Harm-are escalating. After the arrest of seven persons with 1.2 less"']kg of radioactive material last week-KURIER carried aworldwide exclusive report-the police have managed to [Text] Vienna-Nuclear experts say reassuringly: Theland another blow. This time three Czechs were arrested excitement about the recently discovered smuggling ofwith the record amount of 3 kg of material containing nuclear material is unnecessary. According to currenturanium. information, the smuggling was not the work of an

organized gang, but only of individual and amateurishOn Tuesday [9 June] around 1330 the "Antiterrorist criminals. In addition, this uranium could not be usedTask Force" [EBT] in the Interior Ministry received the for the production of a nuclear bomb in any way.decisive piece of information. Three Czechs in a gold-colored Mercedes were waiting for Arab business part- "We live in a world of absurdities," Yuliy Andreyevners with unknown goods in the parking lot of the says, smiling. The Russian nuclear expert, formerly a"Huma" supermarket on Landwehrstrasse. Indeed, the top-level official in the Soviet Nuclear Energy Ministry,suspects were discovered in a lightning action. The EBT says reassuringly that no one needs to be afraid of theinvestigators could not wait for the alleged business 850 grams of uranium dioxide and the 1.1 kg of naturalpartners, since they rightly assumed that radioactive uranium. Theoretically, not even 14 grams of fissionablematerial was in the vehicle. In this case, the danger to the uranium 235 could be gained from them. According topublic in the busy parking lot could not have been the International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA, which isjustified. based in Vienna, one needs 25 kg of highly enriched

Therefore, a Geiger counter was used. The instrument uranium 235 to build a nuclear bomb.started ticking when it was aimed at some plastic bags in It appears certain that both the 3 kg of uranium-a traveling bag. The Czechs were arrested, and the containing material impounded in Vienna on Tuesday [9material was analyzed quickly at the Seibersdorf June] and the amounts impounded in Austria, Hungary,research center. It consisted of 850 grams of pellets and Switzerland over the previous weeks and monthscontaining 2.4 percent uranium 235. These pellets are come from nuclear power plants or from uranium pro-uranium disks, which are usually strung together to form duction centers in eastern Central Europe. Meyer [nota fuel rod for nuclear reactors. Then there were 1,118 further identified in item]: "The half kilogram thatgrams of uranium-oxide pellets in the form of natural turned up in Hungary last year came from Romania anduranium. could have been stolen by someone who works in one of

JPRS-TND-92-01919 June 1992 WEST EUROPE 27

the facilities for the production of fuel rods." According UNITED KINGDOMto the experts, the persons arrested are most likelyadventurers who wanted to make big money as quickly Reaction to U.S.-Russian Arms Reductionsas possible.

Accord Termed 'Unrealistic'LD1706090192 London PRESS ASSOCIATION

Natural Uranium Cheap~er on the Olen Market in English 0844 GMT 17 Jun 92

In any case, natural uranium can be bought at a price of [Text] Huge arms cuts announced in the Bush-Yeltsin300 schillings per kg, on the spot markets at even half US summit were welcomed today by Defence Secretarythat price. Natural uranium consists of 99.3 percent Malcolm Rifkind. "It is enormously heartening that we

uranium 238 and only 0.7 percent fissionable uranium are seeing throughout the world a genuine process of235. While uranium 235 is used exclusively in reactors disarmament done on a basis that actually helps and2. Wiors protects security because it is being done multilaterallyand-in a highly enriched form-in nuclear bombs, and not unilaterally," he said.uranium 238 is needed in aircraft construction and forsailing boats because of its extremely high specific The United States and Russia agreed yesterday to slashweight. It is relatively easy to shield the alpha radiation long-range nuclear weapons by two-thirds. Presidentof uranium 238. Bush said the pact he and President Yeltsin will sign

today would further reduce the chance of a "nuclearnightmare." But Mr Rifkind said on BBC Radio 4's

Experts have no idea what a potential buyer could do Today programme that suggestions of worldwide nuclearwith the uranium from the black market: It would be disarmament were unrealistic and the world wouldimpossible to use it in nuclear power plants because it is remain nuclear over the next 10 years. "If other coun-not clear how the material on offer was treated; in tries, including some countries with very unstable gov-addition, uranium is considerably cheaper on the regular ernments, might be surreptitiously acquiring some crudemarket than on the black market. "Accumulating ura- nuclear weapons, obviously that is a problem the devel-nium in order to be able to build a bomb later on is not oped world, the western world, also has to be consciousrealistic, either," Meyer says. "Because for that one of," he said.needs processing facilities to separate uranium 235 fromuranium 238." Yuliy Andreyev adds that "a facility for Russia Remains Major 'Threat'the processing of this kind of uranium does not exist LD1806193192 London PRESS ASSOCIATIONanywhere." In addition, Meyer thinks that such facilities in English 1637 GMT 18 Jun 92could be built only with the technical help of the highlyindustrialized countries. [By Charles Miller, PRESS ASSOCIATION defence cor-

respondent][Text] Russia remains the greatest military threat to

FRANCE Britain, according to senior defence sources. Despite thisweek's superpower agreement to slash strategic nuclearwarheads by two-thirds, there is deep concern about

Presidency Announces Reduced Nuclear Alert instability in the former Soviet Union.A U0906161492 Paris AFP in English 1548 GMT "Can we be confident that rapprochement between East9 Jun 92 and West is guaranteed for all time?" said one of the

sources. "Not one of us can be confident about that."[Text] Paris, June 9 (AFP)-France said Tuesday [9 Britain has warmly welcomed Russia's agreement to cutJune] it was reducing the level of alert of its strategic strategic warheads to 3,500 but the programme will notnuclear forces. President Francois Mitterrand, who is be complete until the year 2003. Officials point to thealso head of France's armed forces, had decided "to inherent dangers of a large nuclear arsenal if anarchyreduce the level of alert of strategic nuclear forces," the breaks out. "We have to see our nuclear weapons as apresidency announced in a statement. "From now on the hedge against a very different world from the one we arepermanent sea-going strategic force will consist of two or in at the moment," said one.three submarines equipped with launchers", the state-ment said, adding that "the reaction time was The government is carrying out a fundamental review ofunchanged." key sections of nuclear policy in the light of the rapidly-

changing world situation. Although there is an officialrequirement for a new air-launched nuclear missile,

Several Western countries have reduced their level of there are serious doubts about whether it will go ahead.military preparedness since the elimination of the threat Officials are looking at whether Britain should build aof attack by eastern bloc forces. small-scale Star Wars system to protect against missile

JPRS-TND-92-01928 WEST EUROPE 19 June 1992

strikes. If approved, the system would consist of time that he "warmly welcomed" the announcementsimproved sensors in space to detect attacks and ground- which emerged from the US-Russian summit in Wash-based missile defences, more sophisticated than the ington on Tuesday.Patriots used against Iraq's Scud attacks during the Gulfwar. The four-submarine fleet of Trident nuclear-armed But he added: "We will certainly continue to maintainsubmarines will remain central to the government's our own independent nuclear deterrent. "We will main-nuclear policy tain it, we will build it, we will arm it and we will deploy

Trident."Trident Program To Continue He was responding to Tory Sir Anthony Durant (Read-

LD1806193 792 London PRESS ASSOCIATION ing W) who urged him to "maintain strong UK defencesin English 1543 GMT 18 Jun 92 within NATO and continue with the Trident pro-

gramme".[By Sarah Womack, PRESS ASSOCIATION parliamen- gam"tary staffr The presidents agreed on Tuesday that Russian and US

strategic warheads arsenals would be cut from 21,000 to

[Text] The prime minister today welcomed the planned a 7,000 maximum combined. They also agreed thatUS-Russian nuclear arms cuts but insisted Britain would heavy intercontinental ballistic missiles and all multiplepress ahead with deploying its own Trident submarine ICBMs be eliminated.missile system. US Trident submarine-launched missiles would be cut to

His remarks come after this week's agreement between 1,750 and all reductions would be completed by the yearPresidents Bush and Yeltsin to scrap two-thirds of their 2003, or by 2000 if the US helps Russia to destroy itslong-range nuclear warheads. Mr. Major said at question stocks.

A-1TTi PRUCEUSS 103

SPI. F IE_ LrjI-lpui 461

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Proliferation - DTIC · questioned. These range from plants producing cricket the glut of...

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Transcript of Proliferation - DTIC · questioned. These range from plants producing cricket the glut of...