Prokaryotic CellsEukaryotic CellsAnd VirusNotes Gallery

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic NotesProkaryotic vs. Eukaryotic NotesKnow these Greek word parts

Pro – before Prokaryotic cells existed before

eukaryotic cells.Eu – true

A Eukaryotic cell has a true nucleus.Karyote – kernal or nutReferring to the nucleus

Example• One-celled organisms: Bacteria

• No organelles• Few internal structures• Unicellular or colonial• Cell Wall• Cell Membrane• Circular Chromosomes• No nuclear membrane

Prokaryotic CellsProkaryotic Cells

Microbes live in the water we drink, the food we eat, and the air we breathe. Right now, billions of microbes are swimming in our digestive systems and crawling on our skin! But don't worry, over 95% of microbes are harmless. Microbes are single-cell organisms invisible to the eye that come in different shapes seen only with microscopes.

Prokaryotic CellsProkaryotic Cells

Shapes of Prokaryotes

Draw these three shapes in your

booklet and label them.

Prokaryotic CellsProkaryotic Cells

Group A Streptococcus is a bacterium often found in the throat and on the skin. People may carry group A streptococci in the throat or on the skin and have no symptoms of illness. Most GAS infections are relatively mild illnesses such as "strep throat," or impetigo. Occasionally these bacteria can cause severe and even life-threatening diseases.

Example of spherical shaped Bacteria

Prokaryotic CellsProkaryotic Cells

Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria normally live in the intestines of healthy people and animals. Most varieties of E. coli are harmless or cause relatively brief diarrhea. But a few particularly nasty strains, such as E. coli O157:H7, can cause severe abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea and vomiting.

Example of rod shaped Bacteria

Prokaryotic CellsProkaryotic Cells

Treponema pallidum: The cause of syphilis, this is a microscopic bacterial organism called a spirochete, a worm-like spiral-shaped organism that wiggles vigorously when viewed under a microscope.

Example of spiral shaped Bacteria

Prokaryotic CellsProkaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic• Contain organelles

surrounded by membranes• Contain a nucleus• Unicellular or multicellular• Cell Wall (plants and fungi)

• Cell Membrane (all)

• Most living organisms• Linear Chromosomes

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Notes

Eukaryotic Cell division

Due to their increased numbers of chromosomes, organelles and complexity, eukaryote cell division is more complicated, although the same processes of replication, segregation, and cytokinesis still occur.Eukaryotic cells form identical daughter cells by replicating and dividing the original chromosomes. This process, called Mitosis, is like making cellular xerox copies. Commonly the two processes of cell division are confused. Mitosis deals only with the segregation of the chromosomes and organelles into daughter cells.

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Notes

Prokaryotic Cell division

The usual method of prokaryote cell division is termed binary fission. The chromosome is a single DNA molecule first replicate, then attach each copy to a different part of the cell membrane. When the cell begins to pull apart, the replicated and original chromosomes are separated. Following cell splitting (cytokinesis), there are then two cells of identical genetic composition (except for the rare chance of a spontaneous mutation). One consequence of this asexual method of reproduction is that all organisms in a colony are genetic equals. When treating a bacterial disease, a drug that kills one bacteria (of a specific type) will also kill all other members of that clone (colony) it comes in contact with.

Comparing The Size

This is a picture of bacteria (the short, plump, curved rods) associated with a eukaryotic cell (upper right). The line on the bottom left represents 1 micrometer. Note the size comparison.

Prokaryotes: 0.2 to 2.0 um smaller than eukaryotes (lesscomplicated; fewer structures)

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic NotesProkaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Notes

White blood cell ttacking bacterial cells.

Eukaryotes: 10 – 100 um larger and more compexmore internal structures.

um means micrometers

Viruses vs. Cells