Projects of Ultra-light one-man low cost Micro-helicopters easy to mount in five

or ten minutesStudied by Benjamin LISAN (2008. Update : 18/04/2013)

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Mosquito

Scootair

Kamov Ka-56 GEN H-4 Tipjet Dragonfly DF1

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In a spirit of "open source", I provide, to all, free of charge, this Powerpoint document, with its micro helicopter study and draft, hoping that, someday, someone will dare take over and develop my project micro-helicopter. My only dream is that this micro helicopter is born and he can fly.

Others raisons : I have not the financial resources to fund such a complex project to develop and test.

0) The terms of office of the micro-helicopter easy to mount

The terms of office [in French “cahier des charges”], of the ideal device, would be:

1) Ultra-light , you could almost carry “on your back” (if possible less than 40 kg – 60 Kg (?), including fuel) _ for this use of high-tech materials (carbon fiber, composites etc. ...),2) take-off and vertical landing (all grounds),3) a degree of autonomy in flight at least 2 hours,4) easy to fly, very maneuverable, great maneuverability (gyroscopic effect mastered and controlled, no effect of spatial disorientation etc.) (as a coax mini-helicopter, with cyclic and collective controls / commands …),5) Easy to assemble and disassemble (easy operation in less than 15 minutes, if possible) _ the best will be 5 mn),6) that can be easily transported in or on the car / 4x4 (for example on the roof of the car),7) and easy to store in the garage or in a house (at home),8) low maintenance (well calculated rooms, oversized to avoid wear and replacement).

9) The dream would be to create a popular _ thus low cost _ helicopter (as for the Ultra-light aviation planes). For that, it would better to use piston engines microlight engines (like Rotax engines) rather than gas turbine helicopters, more expensive and more difficult to maintain (unless you find a solution based on less expensive (cheaper) micro-turbines for drones (?)).

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1) My project or ideas – the “scoot-air dragonfly”

Figure 1 :

Explanations: 1) rotating counter-rotating drive with 4 carbon blades helicopter, dural or composite, 2) rotor head (middle) Contra (coaxial), 3) with its brake to hinge for drift , 4) vertical directional component (drift), 5) 2 knobs on the dashboard (control panel) with instruments, one for the rotor (the collective) and the inclination (the cyclic), the other for port orientation (G) and starboard (D ) drift (for example, the same simple dashbord as MD Mini 500 helicopter), 6) Engine (for example, a Rotax engine : a) Rotax 582 UL DCDI 65hp , b) Rotax 912 (81hp), c) Rotax 912S 100hp etc. … (or AMT Olympus HP gas-turbine (?). See micro-gas-turbines solutions on this page : http://www.modeljetclub.co.uk/turbines.htm .For example : AMT Netherlands newest turbine: the 80KG Thrust (784N/176.2Lbf) Nike. Price : > 4000 Euros (?)), 7) hinged to the complementary component of the drift (8), 8) complementary component drift directing the flow of air from the rotor vertical, orientation, according to its inclination (or G D), the air to the left or right (which can rotate in the vertical plane and counter any torque effect or "auto rotation" _ in the sense endless turning on its vertical axis like a top) _ see its role in the Figure 2. 9) son nylon or carbon, for control of the vertical and aileron. 10) tripod. 11) backpack soft (canvas paragliding), placed in the back of the saddle to transport business.

Figure 2:

Explanation: The role of this additional component of the airflow from the rotor : 1) freedom of movement and orientation of this additional component, 2) direction of airflow from the rotor, depending on the orientation additional component (see the collective and cyclic commands on the dashboard (control panel) to control the airflow direction).

Figure 1

Figure 2

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© Benjamin LISAN

© Benjamin LISAN

1) My project or ideas – the “scoot-air dragonfly” (next)

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 3 :

Explanation :Storage and transportation of the "scoot-air dragonfly": 1) padded cover a little more than the length of the blades (> 4 m), 2) with its rotor head joints of the blades to the folding along the vehicle (for transportation), 3) the machine, 4) blades folded and grouped together for transport, 5) tapes of Velcro to close and secure the cover on the transport platform (here a scale of 4 m long) , 6) scale, 7) roof rack sturdy enough to handle the scale and "scoot-air" (40-60 kg) [8 and 9) cloth and red signal lamp on the road].

Figure 4 :

Explanation :The two tripods on each side, and would fall back along the lateral sides of the unit, or stored in flight

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© Benjamin LISAN

© Benjamin LISAN

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Figure 5. Blad-rotor head joining system.

1) My project or ideas – the “scoot-air dragonfly” (next)

➊ Front view

➋ Rear view

rotor headpin Note : in real,the "ball"

(the ring) has a flattened oval-shaped.

keyhole

Blade

hole to input the pin

key

The key turns into the keyhole (the "lock"), of a

quarter turn.

pin put in place in the

"keyhole".

Note : the blades can be removed from the rotor head.

What engine ?

We can imagine to use : a)gas piston motor / engine (with zircon or alumina oxide ceramic piston cylinders). (for example, see the Ultra Titane 130 paramotor engine & exhaust pipe, http://www.paratour.com/content/ultra130_Fr.php).

b) (or micro high temperature diesel engine (with zircon or alumina oxide ceramic piston cylinders / graphite/ceramic pistons) (°)).c) Or aeronautic gas turbine (see images bellow).

For coax rotor head ?→ The coax rotor head could made of Titanium or Dural.

For example, Olympus HP gas turbine (AMT Netherlands b.v.) ? →

© Benjamin LISAN

© Benjamin LISAN

(°) It could be studies in mechanic engine engineer school.

What for avionics and fly control ? → see "Cyber Technology Autopilot", of Australian CoaX Helicopter Society.→ See article : Cyber Technology Autopilot takes its maiden flight, http://www.coaxhelicopters.com/details.php?p_id=22

↖ Pins (Goupilles in French)

1) My project or ideas – the “scoot-air dragonfly” (next)

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Problem of security, for the pilot, with such micro-helicopter:

1) Autorotation or pyrotechnic parachute? : Normally, it is assumed that the coaxial helicopters have the best qualities of flights (better maneuverability ...), that helicopters with tail rotor.But with blades as light or too short in length, and therefore with a low moment of inertia, it is possible that the autorotation maneuver (such as "parachuting" emergency for helicopter) is not sufficient to ensure the safety of the driver, in case of engine failure. So the idea of the pyrotechnic parachute into the rotor head (as can be seen for the DYNALI H2S helicopter) seems a good idea ... But it “complex” the geometry of the rotor head (especially with a coaxial head). It will recalculate the load balancing and weights based on the weight of the device (°).2) Risk of spatial disorientation: As there is no element around the driver to provide him reassuring space vehicles marks (as artificial horizon …), it is possible that the pilot during the flight, having a helmet-mounted display (HMountD), with spatial information display at the level of the head (bares / lines horizon indications, for ex. (?) ...) (see : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmet-mounted_display).(and see images of such helmet on the next page).(°) "We believe that the best security on a chopper in case of failure will be to install a pyrotechnic parachute on the rotor as did the company Dynali (+). Indeed rotors and small radius have little lightweight inertia and therefore poor autorotation. Parachutes GRS are easy to use can be triggered very low and are relatively light“ (Source: SS).(+) "The helicopter DYNALI H2S may even receive a parachute that deploys inside the rotor hub in case of engine failure, single safety equipment on a helicopter.". Sources: a) 15/03/09 - Dynali H2S, a helicopter kit, http://www.luxury-club.fr/news/dinaly-h2s.php b) DYNALI H2S (2006), http://www.helicopassion.com/fr/03/wbl310.htm

Pyrotechnic parachute →

1) My project or ideas – the “scoot-air dragonfly” (next)

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Development and test steps :

1) Using SolidWorks, a 3D mechanical CAD (computer-aided design program (software) for assemblies, simulations ... (use of modules such as SolidWorks Simulation etc.) (help to transform blueprints to 3d Models ...) … (°)

↑ Helmet-mounted display (head-up display helmet).

2) To find a dedicated R & D facility, to allow engineers to work in a work space with equipment and tooling solely provided for the engineers.

3) To test different versions (drone and piloted version _ You need to find a helicopter test pilot for essay).

4) Of course, to find finance & Business Angels … (for ex., with crowdfunding / crowdsourcing sites, as http://www.wiseed.fr/, www.friendsclear.com, www.leetchi.com, www.zentreprendre.com etc.).

Source : http://www.coaxhelicopters.com/details.php?p_id=73

(°) or MathWorks, engineering calculation software, including matlab (calculs) & simulink (simulations) modules …

1) My project or ideas – the “scoot-air dragonfly” (next)

A rough estimate of its budget and of his payload (weight) :

We propose a budget, the basic minimum budget scenario, the economy, at least initially.We envision first version to build counter-rotating with rotor head placing the blades very top 2, 5 meters above the ground (in strictly vertical position of the vehicle placed on a perfectly level ground, to prevent the blades touch the floor and break during their rotation or decapitate someone) blades 3 meters long, a gear belt / tape (that of Aircooter II) rapidly rotating, with a 65 Hp engine (Rotax 582 UL DCDI 65CV). Can regularly find this engine (very solid) used less than 200 hours. Our version would be a turning quickly (pale and quickly turning gear). In case this rapid rotation would increase the moment of inertia, therefore the gyroscopic effect and therefore reduce maneuverability, then we foreseen then a second version with blades 5 meters long and slower gear (≤ 20' (feet) (on 2.2 m across, 6.1 m long)).Without steel exhaust (which weighs, though, 5.1 kg!), We have a motor to 36.7 kg. It will then manufacture or even a series of exhausts in Dural "disposable" in a bench aluminum welding (argon atmosphere) with a weight must not exceed 2 kg. Normally our gear B weighs 4.5 kg, with a gear belt, maybe would get a weight of 3 kg latter. Each blade carbon should weigh 3-4 kg maximum each (~ 12 to 16 kg). The demonstrator will be heavy, mini 56.7 to 60 kg naked.

See the budget tab, on the page 9 →Note: This is a budget minima (to achieve maximum compress and expenses, then surely we choose solutions odds and ends, using the maximum system DIY and D). The solution will be heavy (for carrying this micro-helico on his back): 56.7 kg naked and with gasoline from 65 kg to 70 kg. In this budget, we do not take account of budget petrol, oil (maintenance) lower than the other positions.

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1) My project or ideas – the “scoot-air dragonfly” (next & end)

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budget item Budget (Euro) Weight (Kg) CommentsRotax 582 UL (for example (*)) 3760 36,7 (without

exhaust)Used (<200 h, ideal 50-100 h). With manual start.

Rotor head 7520 ? 3 à 5 Order it at Kamov aircraft (or Airscooter or Gyrodyne). It must withstand a load factor of at least 5G, 150kg x 5 = 750kg (it is calculated for 1 ton load).

4 x composite blades 6015 12 In carbon fiberComposite fins/flaps 600 1 In carbon fiberBolster, tank, dural frame, airbag, alloy exhaust pot, various insurance (?) ...

3000 2 It may be easier to ensure the vehicle and the driver (if not, in any case liability insurance, at least).

Technical studies for the calculation of the rotor head, the time of the thrust of the blades ...

De 0 à 15000 ou +

It depends on whether there is a helicopter engineer passionate or not wanting to join the project (if another idea: demand to Kamov Aircraft, to realize this study (?)).

Control for testing with a testing pilot

De 0 à 7500 Or find a helicopter pilot (if possible knowing coaxial helicopters) prepared to test it for free (for ex. A passionate pilot wanting to join or not the project). Is the author of the project as pilot in helicopter Kamov (eg., If possible, with courses/training in English). We need to test the helicopter under all climatic conditions (-40°, +40 °C, in heavy rain, wind 40 km/h (maybe in a climatic tunnel (?))). To fly at least 300 hours. Test +/- 5G factor.

TOTAL (these figures are completely

optimist)

De 20895 à 35895 €(238701,75 FF)

56,7 kg (avec ~ 10 liters of 2 stroke petrol : ~ 65 kg).

1) with flying control/piloting but without the technical studies: 28,394.4 euros2) with steering/flying control/piloting and technical studies: 35 895 euros.

(*) With a Hirth 2703 (2 strokes) less powerful (55hp) Weight 75 lbs (34.02 kg), it also a lower price: U.S. $ 3,496.00 Price.

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2) CoaX Helicopter (2012) (Australia)

Items InformationsMarkets Recreational Personal Air Vehicule

Government and Military ?Uses Recreation

Search and RescueSurveillance

Dimensions Height ... 11' (2.2 m) Width ... ?' (? m)Length ... 20' (6.1 m)

Rotor Blades 20' (feet) Composite Coaxial (blades on 2.2 m across, 6.1 m long)Four Rotor blades

Air Frame ? Composite Torque Box ?Speed Minimum ... Hover

Maximum ... ??? Knot (??? km/h)Curb / Empty Weight ~? lbs (? kg)Fuel Weight Fuel weight will be dependent on configuration for the task, conceivably up to 200kg.Useful Load We plan on 500kg including pilot, payload and fuel.

We hope to increase this, as we develop further.Features Coaxial Stability

No Tail Rotor(Floats for Cushioned Landing and Water)

Power System Diesel & gas turbine powered models (No any petrol powered engine foreseen). We believe the cheapest and most cost effective engine will be diesel.

Power weight 95 lbs (43 kg)Endurance 5 Gallon (19 L) (Approximately 2 hours).Price Undecided at this stage (50.000 US$ ?).

At this stage we cannot estimate the final cost but the manned aircraft will be well under US$1,000,000, we hope at least half that value if not more.

Actually, en 2013, it is an prototype in development and an experimental aircraft.

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2) CoaX Helicopter (2012) (Australia)Items Informations

Security system You can auto-rotate the helicopter exactly the same as a conventional helicopter. We are considering a dual power plant for the diesel system.

Build in kit 50 pm This is under considerationCan we earn to fly your helicopter at your headquarters (in Australia)?

Currently you will need a conventional helicopter licence before flying a CoaX machine. We hope in the long term to have exemption for this aircraft type and have only a CoaX licence. You can fly the CoaX as an ‘experimental aircraft’, which will not require a helicopter licence.

Detachable blades & tail? Yes. They can be stored in protective covers.

Avionics ? Yes (Cyber Technology Autopilot, for drone ?).

The CoaX Helicopter design is recognised as being more stable, more robust, safer, faster and quieter than traditional helicopters. It has a smaller footprint and better maneuverability than existing alternative designs (Source : http://dawhois.com/www/coaxhelicopter.com.html). CoaX Helicopters Demonstration Flight 001 (26 mai 2012) : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z83t1iejpc8 CoaX Helicopters demonstrating a turbine powered version of it coaxial rotor head helicopter platform.This CoaX Helicopter platform will soon be integrated into a UAS (Unmanned Aerial System). UAS is also sometimes referred to as UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), Drones or Unmanned Drone Helicopters.

Notice:

According to his director, You can fly the CoaX as an ‘experimental aircraft’ which will not require a helicopter licence.

Others projects and solutions :

3) HILLER Rotorcycle XROE-1 (1954)

Program stopped because: 1) the formation of a helicopter pilot was as long and expensive on a small helicopter on a large, 2) The driver of Hiller, a 2-strokes 45 hp Nelson 4-cylinder boxer, had a low reliability.

We can see one exemplary of XR03 in San Carlos Museum (California) (see next page) : http://www.nasm.si.edu/research/aero/aircraft/hiller_yroe.htmThe XR 03, new version is fully foldable and is in the back of a Jeep. The legs fold up along the fuselage while the blades, paddles and tail boom are folded down. It is powered by a Rotax 503 (52 hp, at 6800 r / min) with a suitable reducing, made by a subcontractor to Dassault, in Toulouse. For Michel Roland, his driver and owner, Hiller XR 03 is easier to pilot than the Robinson R22.No marketing will, for the new Rotax powered version of the XR03. Source : Vol Moteur, N° 102, oct 1994http://users.skynet.be/fa401913/vol_moteur.htm

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3) HILLER Rotorcycle XROE-1 (1954)

Hiller Rotorcycle XROE-1, San Carlos Museum, California,www.flickr.com/photos/9477202@N06/658592872/in/photostream

In Les Ailes, N° 1677 du 19 avril, N°1679 du 03 mai 1958

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“[The] high yaw response in one direction, was considered potentially dangerous”.Source : Flight tests of a one-man helicopter and a comparison with those of larger VTOL aircraft. Terrell W.Feistel, Fred J. Drinkwater III, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field. Calif.

3) HILLER Rotorcycle XROE-1

Characteristics Information

Engine 1 Nelson (4 Cyl.)

Power 40 HP

Hover Ceiling O.G.E. 6400 Ft (1951 m)

Hover Ceiling I.G.E. 9200 Ft (2804 m)

Service Ceiling 13200 Ft (4023m)

Maximum Range (Std) 40 miles (64 km)

First Flight 1957

Seating Capacity 1

Empty Weight 309 Lb (140 kg)

Maximum Weight 496 Lb (225 kg)

Vel. Cruise : 52 mph 40 Kts (84 K/h)

V.N.E. 57 Kts

Total Length 18,50 ft (5,63 m)

Length 12 ft 6 in (3.81 m)

Total Heigh 7,6 ft (2,33 m)

Width 8 ft 9 in (2,7 m)

Main Rotor Diameter 18,50 ft (5,63 m)

Tail Rotor Diameter 3,6 ft (1,09 m)

Gross weight 255 kg (562 lb)

Rate of climb 1160 ft/min

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The Rotorcycle was so stable a non-pilot could fly it after only eight hours of instruction. However, The Marine Corps did not accept the YROE-1 for military service because of its slow speed of 84 kph (52 mph), its minimal range of 64 km (40 miles), its vulnerability to small-arms fire and the lack of visual references on the structure, which could cause the pilot to experience spatial disorientation at all but very low altitudes.

www.nasm.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A19610202000

Sources : www.hiller.org/rotorcycle.shtml http://hillerrotorcycle.comhttp://users.skynet.be/fa401913/index.htm

3) HILLER Rotorcycle XROE-1 (1957)

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Rotorcycle storage box.

Soldier begin to unfold and store the Rotorcycle

Source : June 1958, SPORT AVIATION, Hiller XROE-1 Rotorcycle.

4) Gyrodyne XRON Rotorcycle (1955)

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Rotorcycle at the Cradle of Aviation Museumwww.cradleofaviation.org/exhibits/atrium/xron.htmlBiography (Internet site) on Gyrodyne XRON Rotorcycle: http://travelforaircraft.wordpress.com/2010/04/28/draft-single-person-helos www.gyrodynehelicopters.com/xron_history.htm www.gyrodynehelicopters.com/the_rotorcycle.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RON_Rotorcycle www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/gyrodyne_xron-1.php

The first flight was on November 1955. The two-cycle engine was prone to overheating. The Marine Corps also tested one XRON-I, and three YRON-1 protoypes.[5] The Marine Corps eventually concluded that both the RON, and the competing Hiller ROE were too heavy and too difficult to fly and abandoned the project. The Rotorcycle went on to win the prize for most maneuverable helicopter at the Paris Air Show in 1961.

Crew: 1, engine: 1 x Porsche 4-cylinder pistone, rated at 45kW, take-off weight: 315kg, payload: 105kg, max speed: 110km/h, service ceiling: 2000m, range: 50-95km

4) Gyrodyne XRON Rotorcycle (1955)

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Micro-helicopters and avatars

www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/gluharev_emg-300.php www.gluhareffhelicopters.com One man Backpack helicopter Powered by G8-2 Pressure Jet Engine invented by Eugene Gluhareff, www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0DY4Qe14A4

5) Eugene Michael Gluharev EMG-300 helicopter, 1992

Blades were propulsed by jet gaz as the Djin Helicopter.By tip-jet and peroxyd.E. Gluharev dead in 1994 before seeing his effort succeed.

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Micro-helicopters and avatars

6) Kamov Ka-56 « Osa » (1988 ?)

Crew: 1, take-off weight: 220kg, payload: 110kg, max. speed: 110kph, max. ceiling: 1700m, max. range: 120km. Sources : http://www.gizmowatch.com/entry/blast-from-the-past-almost-perfect-folding-helicopter-the-kamov-ka-56

/ , http://twistairclub.narod.ru/ka56/indexengl.htm &http://www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/ka-56.php

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Somebody says that "the Kamov Ka-56 was never flown due to lack of suitable rotary piston engine".Source : http://aquilinefocus.blogspot.fr/2007_09_01_archive.html Note: a gas-turbine, for the propulsion, could be se solution).

5) Kamov Ka-56 (1971 ?)

1) The Russian Navy wanted to pull the helicopter out of a submarine’s torpedo tube so the helicopter could be transported in a cylinder container of 533 mm diameter.2) 15 minutes was the assembling time (the only parts which were detachable from the helicopter for transportation were 4 main rotor blades. All other parts were easily folded. MR blades were attached by single shift each).3) Power-plant was 40 hp air-cooled rotary engine which burned the auto-fuel.Ka-56 should have never been piloted (?). 1st studies in 1972. Source : http://airbase.ru/alpha/rus/k/ka/56/ & http://twistairclub.narod.ru/ka56/indexengl.htm www.zvlastnezbrane.estranky.sk/clanky/lietadla-a-ina-letecka-technika/kamov-ka-56 www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/ka-56.php http://jalopnik.com/5602424/the-soviet-torpedo+sized-one+man-helicopter

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Very confidential.No photo of Kamov Ka-56

in fly.

http://thefutureofthings.com/pod/1113/gen-h-4-personal-helicopter.html

Autonomy: 1 hour, with 5 gallons (18.9 liters / hour) for a pilot of about 70 kg (155 lbs.). Curb Weight: 63 kg (140 lbs.) Maximum speed: 55 mph (~ 85-90 km / h) Set Height: 2.4 m (8ft) Rotor diameter: 4 m (12ft), speed of the rotor during normal operations; 800-900 rpm Composition of the rotor blades: composite carbon / Kevlar (CFRP composite). Materials from the rest of the machine: aluminum tubes (to absorb shock), magnesium reservoir. Maximum weight: 171 kg (380lbs) (permits a driver to 86 kg (190 lbs) to fly). Autorotation is impossible (!), Estimated Maximum altitude: 3,000 m (10,000 ft), VNE: 200 km / h (120 mph), TBO: 500 hours. Number of revolutions / min for each engine, in normal flight: 7000 rpm to 8000 rpm, electric start. Checking the "yaw" It is controlled through a differential gear included in the transmission.

Price in Japan: U.S. $ 35,000. (3.780.000 yen), a kit for 50 h. Price in USA : 30 000 $ (sold by AceCraft USA)Engines: 4 x 2-cylinder boxer engine, 125 cm3 (GEN-125). Maximum power of each engine: 10hp at 8500 rpm. Maximum cutting: 0.86 kgm / 6.500 rpm, Fuel 2 time (30: 1) Weight of each motor: 2.8kg (6.2 lb). Dimensions of each engine: 203.5mm x 280mm x 160mm. Direction of rotation: counterclockwise-clockwise.

Gen H-4 personal helicopterwww.flickr.com/photos/maisonbisson/56958280

www.koreus.com/video/helicoptere-personnel.htmlSecure ? Gravity center ?

GEN-H4 works !

http:

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7) GEN-H4 (2000)

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7) GEN-H4 (2000)

Address : GEN CORPORATION (Engineering System Co.), 5652-83 SASAGA, MATSUMOTO-shi, NAGANO-ken, JAPAN  399-0033. E-mail : aviation@gen-corp.jp , Site : http://www.engineeringsystem.co.jpUSA : ACE CRAFT, Richard Plummer, Dealer email: rcplummer@iglide.net , Jon Plummer, Pilot email: plummer@byu.edu http://www.acecraftusa.com/

Complex mechanism !One clutch per engine (four engines).

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7) GEN-H4 (2000)

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Source : http://www.perfectioner.com/2012/08/15/gen-h-4-is-worlds-smallest-one-man-helicopter/

8) Dragonfly DF1 (Avimech International Aircraft – USA)

Dragonfly DF1 – A zero emission helicopter powered by rocket motors

This ultra-light Dragonfly DF1 helicopter is powered by hydrogen peroxide-powered rocket motors, instead of conventional fixed motor attached to the body, that are manufactured by jetpack maker, Tecaeromex (Mexico) [and AVIMECH – USA].

The amazing machine has voluminous fuel tanks surrounding the pilot that supply 70% hydrogen peroxide fuel to the rockets. Helicopter's non-burning hydrogen peroxide thrusters help power the craft to stay aloft for 50 minutes at the speed of 40mph.

Its maximum aloft time is extendable with an optional extra fuel tank. Also, with a top seed of 185km/h, Dragonfly can climb at 700m/min up to a ceiling of 4000 meters. When it’s empty, the darn thing weighs merely106kg and it can carry up to 227kg, including pilot and fuel.

Hydrogen peroxide-powered rocket motors produce no pollution, are easy to fly, easier to maintain, safe (no moving parts) and more stable to its conventional counterparts. Even when it’s the same throttle lever, but there is a motorbike-like control bar added to tilt the rotor head to control the flight direction and rotation.

Sources : http://www.automotto.com/entry/dragonfly-df1-a-zero-emission-helicopter-powered-by-rocket-motors/

Fabricant : http://tipjetusa.com/ Videos : a) Tip-Jet Dragonfly DF1, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEDo95DPkzg b) Dragonfly DF1 H2O2 helicopter demo, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=evjd49r52tg

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8) Dragonfly DF1 (Avimech International Aircraft – USA)

Features• FAA Certified• AVIONICS EFIS-Flight Instrument System• Communication and Navigation Aids• Blades Airfoil approved by NACA Laboratory and recommended by NASA• Autorotation, Lift Generation through purely aerodynamic forces• Position Lights, LED / FAA Approved• Taxi and Landing Light, LED / FAA Approved• Strobe-Beacon Light• Airtalk• Tip Jet Technology• Light Weight Construction, 220 lbs• Low Maintenance: No engines, No pedals, No hydraulics• No Rotational Torque• Easy to Fly• Environmentally Friendly Fuel• Very Low Noise• Easy to Transport and Store• 1.5 hours to Assemble Out of the Box• Built to MIL SpecsSource : http://tipjetusa.com/features.html

Introductory Price US $ 120,000http://tipjetusa.com/purchase.html

Perhaps disadvantage (?) : Powered by Hydrogen peroxide gas (not easy to find peroxide everywhere).

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9) Appendix: solutions which do not meet the criteria selected

9.1) Mosquito micro-helicopter (New-Zealand) (°)This helicopter, cheap (<$ 30,000 U.S. All taxes included) is not removable and foldable so it can be stowed in the trunk of a break car.

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(°) The price of the kit Mosquito Ultralight Helicopter AIR, full is: € 26,800 tax not included; including, the "kit rapid manufacturing", the MZ-202 engine, instruments, rotors, tank option "Large capacity".MOSQUITO AVIATION, Blair Hollands, Po Box 439, Kumeu, 0841, Auckland, New Zealand, Web Site: www.mosquito.net.nz, Email: info@mosquito.net.nz, Phone: +64 (0)21 2994122Mosquito autorotation demonstration video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=_W_5lo_trDI

9) Appendix: solutions which do not meet the criteria selected

9.2) Ultrasport-254 kit helicopter (1994)

Specifications :

Top Speed, mph 63 (101,39 km/h)Cruise, mph 63Range S.M 70Stall, mph naRate of Climb, fpm 1000Take Off Distance, ft 0Landing Distance, ft 0Service Ceiling , ft --HP/HP Range 55Fuel Capacity, gal 5 (19 l)Empty/dry Weight, lbs 252 (115 kg).Gross Weight, lbs 525 (239 kg).Useful load : 273 lbs (124 kg).Height, ft 7.5 (2.2 m)Length, ft 16.7 (5.8 m)Engines: HIRTH 2706 65 hp (or HIRTH 2703 55 hp).Main Rotor Diameter: 21 ft. (6.4 m)Tail Rotor Diameter: 2.6 ft (79 cm / 0,79 m)Drive System: 12:1 PlanetaryEndurance: 1.25 h.Wing Span, ft 21Wing Area, sq.ft --Number of Seats 1Landing Gear type skidsBuilding Materials CBuilding Time, Man Hours 60Number of Completed & Flown 1Information Package $$5Plans Cost $noneKit Cost $33900Certified : FAA ultralight regulations FAR Part 103.

American Sportscopter International, Inc., 11712 Jefferson Ave Unit #C228, Newport News VA, 23606, USA, Phone: 757-872-8778, email : assi@visi.net, www.ultrasport.rotor.com (restricted use).

Sources : http://www.airsport.com/homebuilt4.ihtml?id=53&cid=16 www.freqofnature.com/photos/cma2002/index.html www.ultralightflyer.com/americansportcopter & www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/ultra-254.php

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9) Appendix: solutions which do not meet the criteria selected

9.3) Furia, amateur construction helicopter(°)Furia Helicopter e-Plans $49.95, www.plansdelivery.com & www.plansdelivery.com/furia.htm#(short free plans : www.sfu.ca/~jst4/plans/docs/misc/Ultralight%20Furia%20Helicopter%20Plans.pdf ).

Main Rotor Diameter: 19 ft.Tail Rotor Diameter: 3.6 ft.Height: 6.9 ft.Length: 12.5 ft.Max Gross Weight: 700 lbs.Empty Weight: 325 lbs.Payload (with full fuel) : 350 lbs.Fuel capacity: 8 gal.Seats: 1Range: 80 sm.Take Off Distance: 0 ft.Landing Distance: 0 ft.Vmax.: 95 mph (max. allowable speed level, flight sea level std. day)Vcr: 70 mphClimb Rate @ msl: 1100 fpm.Service Ceiling: 12500 ft.Engine: Rotax 65 hp.

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Potential danger of amateur construction

9) Appendix: solutions which do not meet the criteria selected

9.4) Airscooter II, coaxial personal helicopterAirScooter II (2004) Specifications

Markets : Recreational Personal Air Vehicule Government and MilitaryUses : Recreation Search and Rescue SurveillanceDimensions : Height ... 11' (3,35 m) Wigth ... 7' (2,13 m) Length ... 12,5' (3,81 m)Rotor Blades: 14' Composite Coaxial (4,2 m). Four Rotor DesignAir Frame : Composite Torque I-BoxSpeed : Minimum ... Hover Maxmmum ... 55 Knot (100 km/h)Empty Weight: ~254 lbs (115.2 kg) (i.e. Curb Weight).Useful Load : Approximately 250 lbs (113 kg).Features : Coaxial Stability No Tail Rotor Floats for Cushioned Landing and WaterPower System: Aero Twin Four-stoke 65 HP Aerobatic Engine with Quiet Belt Drive ReductionPower weight: 95 lbs (43 kg)Endurance : 5 Gallon (19 L) (Approximately 2 hours). Price : < US$50.000Although its operating ceiling is around 10,000 ft (2 700 m), the AirScooter II is incapable of autorotation emergency descent, and is intended for recreational flying at low altitude, ie, at or below 50 ft (15 m) above ground level (AGL).This helicopter seem to have not success.Sources : www.airscooter.com/pages/airscooter_specs.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AirScooter_Corporation In French : www.jeunes-ailes.org/t3182-airscooter-2

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9) Appendix: solutions which do not meet the criteria selected9.5) Skylar, Choppy, G-1, Kestrel, kit & 1 seat helicopters(°)SKYLARFeatures:• Full Standard helicopter.• All-alu. main- & tail-rotor blades• Aircraft-grade steel & aluminum airframe & major components, plus all AN hardware• Full instrumentationSpecs :Height 7 ftLength 17-1/2 ftEmpty Weight 350 lbsGross Weight 725 lbsPayload Weight 375 lbsMain Rotor Diameter 19 ftTail Rotor Diameter 3-1/2 ftEngine Rotax 582Horsepower 65Power Loading (lbs/h.p.) 10.8Disc Loading (lbs/sq ft) 2.5Maximum Speed 95 mphCruise Speed 70 mphRate Of Climb 1,000 fpmMaximum Altitude 12,500 ftPrice : Assembled & Tested : $45,500www.vortechonline.com/skylark

CHOPPY (1950 et after)Configuration: Bolted aluminum-tube airframe. CONTROL: Main rotor: full cyclic and collective pitch, incorporating a swash plate system. Tail rotor pitch: bellcrank operated. Autorotation accomplished by manual-disengagement lever at cyclic stick. POWER PLANT (Prototype): Any engine of 450cc to 1100cc, or 45 hp. consumption approximately 4.2 gals. (U.S.) per hour at sea level. Specs:Height 6 ftLength 15 ftEmpty Weight 300+ lbs*Gross Weight 600 lbs**Payload Weight 300 lbsMain Rotor Diameter 21½ ftTail Rotor Diameter 3½ ftPower Loading (lbs/h.p.) 11.5Disc Loading (lbs/sq ft) 1.8Maximum Speed 85 mphCruise Speed 65 mphRate Of Climb 950 fpmMaximum Altitude 8500 ftPrice : Assembled & Tested : $45,500www.vortechonline.com/choppy

G-1 or Kestrel (Jet-powered) General Features:• Easy, low-cost construction • Takes off and lands vertically • Requires no license (ultralight) • Can be stored anywhere Spec:Length: 12 ftWidth: 5.7 ftHeight: 5½ ftMain rotor diameter: 12 ftTail rotor diameter: 2 ftEmpty weight: 150 lbsGross weight: 420 lbsUseful payload: 270 lbsEngine (typical): Kawasaki/Rotax, 40+ hpFuel capacity: 5 galsFuel consumption: 4 gals/hourSpeed (max.): 80 mphAltitude (max.): 10,000 ft asiPrice : Kestrel Jet Helicopter—Fully Assembled & Tested : $26,500www.vortechonline.com/g1

A/W 95, latest update of the ChoppyFeatures :• Full helicopter• Easy, low-cost assembly• Built from widely available materials• Uses Rotax 503 engine (or equiv.)

Specs : Empty weight: 272 lbs* (123 kilos) Gross weight: 497 lbs** (222 kilos) Useful load: 225 lbs** (102 kilos) Main rotor chord: 7" (17.78 cm) Main rotor diameter: 19.5' (5.94 m) Tail rotor diameter: 3'4" (102 cm) Height: 6'5" (196 cm) Length: 15' (4.57 m) Width: 5.75' (175 cm) Cruise speed: 60 mph (97 kph) Horsepower range: 50 - 75** Engine: Rotax 503 (or equiv.)** Engine RPM: 6200 - 6500 Main / tail rotor RPM: 435-450 / 2800 Flight time (5 gal fuel): 1 hour±Max altitude: about 10,500 ft www.vortechonline.com/aw95

Kestrel

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9) Appendix: solutions which do not meet the criteria selected9.6) Lonestar (Redback aviation), CH7 helicopter, Helicycle helicopter, Mamba AirLonestar (Redback aviation)Specs :Engine Rotax 582 ULPower 64 hp (46 kw)Gross weight 680 lbs (310 kg)Empty weight 420 lbs (190 kg)Useful load (pilot & fuel) 260 lbs (120 kg)Fuel capacity (seat tank) 8.3 gal (31.5 lt)Fuel weight (seat tank) 51 lbs (23 kg)Fuel consumption at cruise (4.8 gal/hr (18.2 lt/hr) Rate of climb 600 ft/min (180 m/min)Service ceiling 9000 ft (2740 m) Hover in ground effect (HIGE) 5500 ft (1675 m) Hover out of ground effect (HOGE) 4500 ft (1370 m) Range at cruise 105 miles (170 kms) Flight duration 1.7 hrsRange at cruise with auxillary tanks 235 miles (375 kms) Flight duration with auxillary tanks 3.9 hrsCruise airspeed 60 mph (96 kmph) Maximum airspeed 85 mph (135 kmph) Velocity limit (VNE) 100 mph (160 kmph)Main rotor diameter 20.0 ft 6.10 (m) Tail rotor diameter 3 ft 6 inches (1.07 m) Length - nose of skid to tail 13.5 ft (4.09 m) Width - at skids 5.0 ft (1.52 m) Height - overall 7 ft 4 inches (2.23 m) Height - overall for garage storage 6 ft 9 inches (2.05 m)www.redbackaviation.com

CH7 HelicopterSt.da Traforo del Pino 102, 10132 TORINO Italy,Tel: +39 011 899.67.30, Fax: +39 011 899.5550, kompress@ch7.ithttp://www.ch-7helicopter.com/ita/home.htm

Helicycle Helicopter,tel : 208-461-2567Eagle Research & Development, 2321 Hemingway Blvd, Nampa, Idaho USA,Office & Fax: 208-466-4120, Factory: 208-461-2567www.helicycle.com

MAMBA AIR (CZ) www.mamba-air.cz

Mamba Air CH7

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To mention : Micro helicopters avatarsa) Franz Schoeffman coaxial helicopter (Austria) (2005)The rotors are two sets of composite Ivoprops (one set reversed pitch).Craft weights : 35 kilograms.

www.unicopter.com/1764.html ↑

No information avalable on this helicopter. Problem of power and stability visible on the videos, the engine was not enough powerfull. This inventor, aged of 74 years old, in 2005, do not sale his invention (no web site giving docs on it). Vidéos avalable on this coaxial personal helicopter : www.dailymotion.com/video/x3pj1w_helicoptere-personnel_extreme www.lemondeavance.com/lemonde_Helicoptere-personnel-Je-veux-le-meme-870.htm http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/Back-Pack-Helicopter/message/1893 . (His possible email (?) : franz_schoeffmann@aon.at (?)). http://www.rotaryforum.com/forum/showthread.php?t=22639 .

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↑ www.rotaryforum.com/forum/showthread.php?t=22639

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To mention : Avatars of micro helicoptersa) Franz Schoeffman coaxial helicopter (2005)The engine could be a Rotax that has been modified for go-cart racing. It delivers 28 hp and weighs 22 kilograms. It is reliable for 15-30 minutes.. No safe ! : 1) No autorotation capability. 2) no way to fit a ballistic parachute.

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Note : An equivalent coax helicopter, the SA4H, is proposed at this address : SWING-AVI personal coaxial helicopter Kits, PO BOX 1223 PATRAS, GREECE 26001, TEL/FAX: +30 2610 432597, swingavi@gmail.com, www.pra13.org/newsletters/wash5-0210.PDF

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To mention : Avatars of micro helicoptersb) Libelula Rocket Helicopter – TECA AERO MEX (Mexico) / Project of jet propulsion with peroxyde.

What it is written on the web site of TECA AERO MEX society : This project is not fiction, is based on the same technology we use in larger rocket helicopters and Rocket Belts technology and this will be used to produce the "Libelula" a portable helicopter easier and safer to fly. The best of this technology is that this type of helicopter don´t need a tail rotor because they have no torque, the impulse is directly to the tip of the blade rotor so this don't produce any counter rotational reaction and a small rudder is all you need to steer, being the simplest form of Helicopter and the safest because 86% of helicopter accidents are due to tail rotor failure in most cases fatal in addition to this, its flight is much more stable. Using modern aerospace materials like carbon fiber, Kevlar, titanium and aluminum can reduce the weight and it can be lighter than the Magill Pinwheel helicopter that show very nice performance, stability and safety and this is a fact because the three prototypes from Magill still are intact at Swiss Copter showing that none was damaged in any accident. .Source : www.tecaeromex.com/ingles/libe-i.htm

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To mention : micro-h. avatars : c) Eugene Michael Gluharev helicopters (1960)

Source : www.tecaeromex.com/ingles/libe-i.htm

In the 60's came Eugene Gluhareff with an idea of jet engines mounted on the tip of the rotor blade and he built his first version of the MEG-1X which had a single blade and a counterweight on the other side, this design proved to be very stable.Later he decided to use two blades and larger engines and the MEG-2X was built.This version was able to fly but the problem was that this engines had to be very light in thickness to save weight and they operate at extreme temperature, in fact they glow orange when they work so it was too heavy and centrifugal force and high temperature caused them to deform and in one test the tail of one of the jets flew away.

Gluhareff with his MEG-1X(jet propulsion, at the end of the blades, with

peroxyd)Eugene Gluhareff flying hands off his MEG-2X

To mention : Micro helicopters avatars : d) Gilbert W. Magill helicopters (1954)

The World's First Rocket Helicopter In 1954 an American inventor named Gilbert W. Magill of Glendale California designed and built the HR-1, a "mini" portable helicopter, at the tip of the rotor blades a hydrogen peroxide rocket engine impulse the rotor, this helicopter was better known as the "Pinwheel".Magill made his helicopter portable in a carrying box which was a success that flew incredibly well and had a fantastic performance for its size, with a maximum speed of 161 km / h (100 mph), a ceiling of 4570 meters (14.993 feet) and a range of 32 km (20 miles) with two tanks with a total of 20 liters of hydrogen peroxide 90% ea. This small helicopter still holds the world´s record speed of vertical climb rate.

Pilot Bob Farmer with the original version of Magill portable helicopter or "landing gear legs" version.

Source : www.tecaeromex.com/ingles/libe-i.htm

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The dream time

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To mention : Micro helicopters avatars : d) Gilbert W. Magill helicopters (~1954)

Source : www.tecaeromex.com/ingles/libe-i.htm

Later Magill built the second version by contract with the U.S. Navy's with larger peroxide tanks and a tripod landing gear that could take off standing on legs, this is the model flown in this video.

The dream time

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To mention : Micro helicopters avatars : e) Georges Sablier helicopter (1954)

http://stingraysrotorforum.activeboard.com/t43730966/sablier-personal-helicopter

← Source : www.unicopter.com/1764.html

Georges Sablier's one man strap-on helicopter won an award at the international helicopter show at St. Etienne, France in Sept. of 1954. It had a 6 hp motor, weighed about 60 lbs and [supposedly] was able to fly for 10 hrs at a top speed of 30 mph. [a website on the subject suggests that it probably never flew]. Source : http://www.care2.com/c2c/photos/view/43/100080464/My_hobby_pics/Personal%20copter.png.html

Translation from Spanish → :Once in the late thirties, we demonstrated the feasibility of the helicopter, there were those who saw the possibility of building small flying machines for personal use, as a backpack designed by curiosity, the French Georges Sablier. We do not know if it has flew.

A 6 hp motor is not enough powerful engine.

The dream time

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http://stingraysrotorforum.activeboard.com/t43730966/sablier-personal-helicopter & www.ipernity.com/doc/57114/6779588

A French Strap-On Helicopter by George Sablier. The "safety" helmet worn by the pilot is a First World War French infantry helmet. It is not known if this machine ever flew, but from the photograph it seems highly unlikely.

It lacks all three of the essential features of helicopters listed above. There also seems to be no means of dealing with the torque reaction which would make the wearer rotate in the opposite direction from the rotor. What can be said is that it is not shown in a flyable condition. Above the pilot's head is a set of pulleys apparently intended to make the ratio between engine and rotor rpm adjustable; however, there is no belt on the pulleys. Source : http://www.aqpl43.dsl.pipex.com/MUSEUM/TRANSPORT/personalheli/personalheli.htm

To mention : Micro helicopters avatars : e) Georges Sablier helicopter (1954)

The dream time

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f) Horace Pentecost, Hoppi-copter Strap-On (1945)This ultra-light individual helicopter had two co-axial contra-rotating two-bladed rotors powered by a small two-stroke horizon-tally opposed engine developing about 20 h.p.The body consisted of a tubular metal frame curved to fit over the pilot's shoulders and attached to the body by harness of the type employed in parachutes; the pilot's legs were used for landing.Some twenty hops were made with the use of safety cables attached to the pilot, but this strap-on helicopter ended its career at the Smithsonian Institution in Washingtonwww.aereimilitari.org/forum/topic/9021-aerei-curiosi/page__st__520 http://jackbrummet.blogspot.com/2009/08/strap-on-helicopter-division-seattles.html And Time Magazine, April 7th, 1947.

HOPPI-COPTER 2nd version , rear view

Not enough powered !

Pentecost HX-1 Model 100 Hoppi-Copter (stored). Source :

www.nasm.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A19520054000

To mention : Micro helicopters avatars : The dream time

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The Dream timeg) Paul Baumgartl Heliofly I (1941)(Austria), powered by two 8 hp (6 kW) Argus As _ 8 piston engines each driving a single-blade of the contra-rotating rotors.Sources : Antony L. Kay "German Aircraft of the Second World War", 1972Nowarra, Heinz J.. Die Deutsche Luftruestung 1933-1945 - Vol.1 - AEG-Dornier. Bernard & Graefe Verlag. 1993. Koblenz. Source of pictures : www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/baumgartl_heliofly-357.php

Crew: 1Length: 6.10 m (20 ft 0 in)Main rotor diameter: 2× 6.10 m (20 ft 0 in)Empty weight: 35 kg (77 lb)Gross weight: 120 kg (265 lb)Powerplant: 1 × piston engine, 16 kW (12 hp)

Not enough powered !

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To mention : Micro helicopters avatars :

The dream time

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To mention : Micro helicopters avatars :

2.4) The Dream time – Fantacopter (1952)In an adventure of Spirou et Fantasio “Spirou et les héritier” ("Spirou and heirs“), published in 1952 at Dupuis, the Belgian cartoonist André Franquin, imagine a kind of portable autonomous helicopter called "Fantacoptère" double game counter-rotating blades (rotating opposite direction). It was just a figment of the imagination. The idea of vertical take-off can, in theory, to take-off-road, without using the airfield.

That’s all folk !

To contact the author of this document:Benjamin.lisan@free.fr

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Keep cool !, http://www.jollygreen.org/Humor/reasoner.htm