Done by:Zhu ZhengChen ChunAdeline Siu

Clarissa Wee

Rwanda Genocide

Content• Introduction• Rwanda’s History• What was not right with Rwanda in 1991?• What about present day Singapore?• What can we do to prevent the imagined future of 2061 from

becoming a reality?• References

Introduction

• What is Rwanda Genocide ?

• Lasted for 100 days starting from April 6 to mid-July 1994.

• Mass killings of thousands of Tutsis conducted by a Hutu power group known as the Akazu.

• Resulted in death toll of 800,000 to 1,000,000 Tutsis.

Rwanda’s History• Formally a Belgium Colony.

• People have been classified into 2 classes: Hutus (majority) and Tutsis (minority).

• Tutsis described as having noses similar to Europeans.

• Hutus are less wealthy and have more prominent African features.

Rwanda’s History A classification system based on class was established. Belgians felt that the colony would be better governed by this

hierarchy. Tutsis were given more power and higher authority in

governance. Most Hutus were less wealthy and a majority of them were

farmers.

Significant events leading to genocide

• Tutsis were removed of their power when Rwanda gained independence.

• Civil war broke out between the Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF) and Coalition for the Defense of the Republic led

by the president. (Mr. Habyarimana)

1962

1991

Significant events leading to genocide

• Assassination of President (Juvénal Habyarimana) on 6 April.

• Assassination of prime minister,(Agathe Uwilingiyimana) on 7 April.

• Evacuation of foreign personnel by Belgium and France.

• With no opposition left, the Hutus gained power

1994

Preparation for Genocide

• Rwanda Militia was assembled and numbered around 30 000

• Militia members armed with AK-47

• Volunteer groups like the Interahamwe and Impuzamugambi were formed and armed with machetes.

Media propagation

Described Tutsis as cockroaches

Tutsi women are described as sexual weapons used by the Tutsis to weaken Hutu men

Cartoons that depict women as sexual objects were printed in newspaper.

Incited war rapes

Rape War Rape was systematic and was used as a weapon to destroy the

Tutsi ethnic group.

Tutsi women were characterized as a threat to the homogeneity of Hutu descent and were used as the prelude to a call for Hutu ethnic unity.

Due to gender-based hate propaganda,

the Hutu uses rape to show that Tutsi

women are less regarded.

The Hutu wanted to destroy Tutsi women to prevent offsprings

How It Ended Ended in July 1994.

The RPF rebels overthrew the Hutu government regime under Jean Kambanda.

Almost every girl who survived the genocide in Rwanda have been raped.

2 million people who participated in the genocide , including Hutus, fled the country.

Many leaders who led the genocide are still at large today.

Analysis Results (Social) Genocide would not have started if the Belgians did not

classify the various classes as this gives more privileges to the tutsis.

It is a form of social discrimination

Genocide will leave a scar on the future generation

Analysis Results (Economical)

• Evacuation of foreign people meant decrease in tourism

• Rwanda relies on farming and majority of farmers are Hutus, therefore a decrease in agriculture income.

Analysis Results (Political)• Hutus and Tutsis not given equal opportunity

• The government under President Juvénal Habyarimana policies were Pro-Hutu

• The Assassination of President Juvénal Habyarimana was the catalyst

What about Present Day Singapore?Rwanda Vs Singapore (2009)

• Social factors

• Political factors

• Economic factors

Social Factors

Singapore• Low Birth Rate led to foreigners coming from

poorer countries. • Many Singaporeans look down on the

foreigners and judge them for their lack of social etiquette.

Rwanda• Similar to Rwanda stereotyping of Hutus and

Tutsis.

Prejudice Discrimination

• Too many foreigners may lead to Singaporeans discriminating against them.

• Foreigners might be unhappy and may lead to internal conflicts such as riots or war.

Social Factors

Singapore• Majority of high positions in companies are occupied by male.• Females are seen as incapable as compared to

males and are more family oriented.Rwanda• Discrimination of Tutsi women• Use of Tutsi women as part of anti Tutsi

propaganda.

Prejudice Discrimination

• Discrimination of women may lead to low birth rate in Singapore.

• Women will be more determined and concentrated to achieve high post.

• Less concentrated on family.

Political FactorsSingapore• Singapore government is predominantly

Chinese.• Other races are given less opportunity to

occupy a high post.Rwanda• Similar to the current predominant Tutsi

government.

Prejudice Discrimination

• Other races may feel that there is inequality

• Race riots may happen

Economic Factors

Singapore• Singapore depend on the tourism industry.• Riots will affect our economy.Rwanda• Rwanda economy relies on farming.• During the war, there was a shortage of food.

What can we do to prevent the imagined future of 2061 from

becoming a reality?

Solutions

To Prevent Low Birth Rate Government subsidize more on education and upbringing of child.

Less discrimination to women by giving them higher posts and more flexibility to work from home during maternity

Challenge× Companies may not be willing to give female employees more

benefits such as maternity leave as it will waste company resources.

SolutionsTo Even Out Gender Ratio Implement a law that states that after giving birth to 2 children,

genetic engineering can be used for their 3rd child

This also increases birth rate

Challenge× People will be tempted to go overseas for genetic engineering.

SolutionsTo Prevent Racism Give other races more high posts in the government

Find a better solution to educate Singaporeans that racism is a crime

Challenge× Minority races will favour their own race

References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Rwandahttp://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0860865.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Rwandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandan_Genocidehttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/1288230.stmhttp://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB53/index.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origins_of_Tutsi_and_Hutuhttp://theonlinecitizen.com/2006/12/singapores-declining-birth-rate/http://www.un.org/esa/agenda21/natlinfo/countr/singapor/natur.htm