Project Quality Management

Sections of this presentation were adapted from A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge 5th Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., © 2013

Project Quality Management

Project quality management includes the process required to ensure that the project satisfies the needs for which it is undertaken.

PQM includes all the activities of the overall management function that determine the quality policy, objectives, and responsibilities and implement them within the quality system.

Why Quality Management? Quality means conformance to specifications

and fitness for use – i.e. just what you need and not more

Projects or products with unnecessary features can be too expensive to meet the business need

Prevention is much cheaper than inspection, build quality in early to minimize costs/maximize quality

How to Manage Quality?Three processes• Plan Quality

– What is quality and how will we ensure it?• Perform Quality Assurance

– Are we following the quality standards?• Perform Quality Control

– Are we meeting the quality standards?

Perform Quality

Assurance

Perform Quality Control

Plan Quality

How to Manage Quality? These processes interact with each other as well

as with the processes of other knowledge areas Each process involves an effort of one or more

individual or group of individuals based on the need of the project.

Each process occurs at least once in every project phase during the project life cycle

Perform Quality

Assurance

Perform Quality Control

Plan Quality

Plan Quality Management

Cost-benefit analysis

Cost of quality

Seven basic quality tools

Benchmarking

Design of experiments

Statistical sampling

Additional quality planning tools

Meetings

Tools & TechniquesProject management plan

Stakeholder register

Risk register

Requirements documentation

Enterprise environmental

factors

Organizational process assets

Quality management planProcess improvement planQuality metricsQuality checklistsProject documents updates

Inputs

Outputs

Perform Quality

Assurance

Perform Quality Control

Plan Quality

Plan Quality Management

Cost of Quality – Evaluating the cost of conformance with the cost of nonconformance to reach a balance. Includes;• Prevention Costs• Appraisal Costs• Failure Costs

Cost of Conformance

Cost of Non Conformance

Quality training Rework

Studies Scrap

Surveys Inventory Costs

Warranty Costs

Deming’s Costs of Quality

“85% of the costs of quality are the direct responsibility of management "- William Edwards Deming

Plan Quality Management

PMBOOK 2013

Cost of Quality – Evaluating the cost of conformance with the cost of nonconformance to

reach a balance.

Quality Planning Terms

Gold Plating – Giving the customer extras that do not add value to the projectMarginal Analysis – The point where the incremental revenue from an improvement equals the cost to implement itKaizen – Continuous improvement process to reduce costs and promote consistencyISO 9000 – International standard to ensure that companies have quality procedures and that they follow them

Perform Quality Assurance

Quality management andcontrol tools Quality audits Process analysis

Tools & Techniques

Change requestsProject management planupdatesProject documents updatesOrganizational process assetsupdates

Quality management planProcess improvement planQuality metricsQuality control measurementsProject documents

Inputs

Outputs

Perform Quality

Assurance

Perform Quality Control

Plan Quality

Statistics Terms Review

Mutually Exclusive – Two events that cannot both occur in a single trial

Statistical Independence – Probability of one event occurring does not affect the probability of another event occurring

Probability – The likelihood that something will occur (usually expressed in percent)

Perform Quality Control

Seven basic quality tools Statistical sampling Inspection Approved change requestsreview

Tools & TechniquesQuality Control Measurements

Validated Deliverables

Validated Changes

Change Requests

Project Management Plan Updates

Work performance information

Project Document Updates

Project management planQuality metricsQuality checklistsWork performance dataApproved change requestsDeliverablesProject documentsOrganizational process assets

InputsOutputs

Perform Quality

Assurance

Perform Quality Control

Plan Quality

Pareto Principle/ Chart

Graph of problem type vs. frequency80/20 Rule – a theory maintaining that 80% of the output in a given situation or system is produced by 20% of the input. 

Problem Type

Fre

quen

cy

Cum

ulat

ive

Per

cent

age

www.techtarget.com/

Control Chart Upper & Lower Control Limits (UCL & LCL)• Set by quality goal i.e. 3s• Includes the normal and expected variation in the process Specification Limits• Contracted acceptable limit, usually outside UCL & LCL Out of ControlA process is considered out of control when:

1. a data point exceeds a control limit; 2. seven consecutive plot points are above the mean; 3. seven consecutive plot points are below the mean.

Assignable Change• When the controller adjusts the process to bring the process

back within process control limits

Control Charts

Out of control point indicates unsuall process - activity