Project Preparation and Management
-
Upload
gbpuat-pantnagar -
Category
Education
-
view
18 -
download
0
Transcript of Project Preparation and Management
![Page 1: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Dr. P. P. PatelDirector of Extension
Education,Directorate of Extension
EducationUniversity Bhavan,Anand Agricultural
University, ANAND-388110
Prepared by:Dr. Arpita Sharma
Assistant Professor,Directorate of Extension
EducationUniversity Bhavan,
Anand Agricultural University, ANAND-388110
![Page 2: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
A project refers to a specific undertaking or venture that is to be carried out within an identified time frame. Is a temporary endeavor designed to produce a unique Product Service Result with a defined beginning End undertaken to meet unique goals and objectives.
![Page 3: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Are efforts to achieve objectives. Have a start, a middle and an end. Different from operational activities. Core skills involved in project management including
identifying and agreeing on project objectives, scheduling and estimating.
In addition other issues such as managing risk, communication and dealing with other people are key areas of importance.
![Page 4: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Objectives of any project should be:
S – Specific M – Measurable A – Agreed upon R – Realistic T – Time related
![Page 5: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cost
Quality Time
Organisational politics
PersonalObjectives
BusinessPressures
External and stakeholder issues
![Page 6: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Project management is the discipline:
Projecting or planning, Organizing, Motivating and controlling resources To achieve specific goals and meet specific
success criteria.
![Page 7: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
To explain the main tasks undertaken by project managers. To introduce software project management and to describe its
distinctive characteristics. To discuss project planning and the planning process. To show how graphical schedule representations are used by
project management. To discuss the notion of risks and the risk management
process.
![Page 8: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
1. Initiate the project2. Identify the Project Manager3. Develop the Project Charter4. Conduct a Feasibility Study5. Define Planning Phase6. Sign off on the Project Charter
![Page 9: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
1. Organize and staff the project.2. Develop a Project Plan.3. Sign off on the Project Plan.
![Page 11: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Execute the Project Plan Manage the Project Plan Implement the project’s results Sign off on project’s completion
![Page 12: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Document the lessons learned during the project.
After-implementation review. Provide performance feedback. Close-out contracts. Complete administrative close-out. Deliver project completion report.
![Page 13: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Proposal writing. Project planning and scheduling. Project costing. Project monitoring and reviews. Personnel selection and evaluation. Report writing and presentations.
![Page 14: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Probably the most time-consuming project management activity.
Continuous activity from initial concept through to system delivery.
Plans must be regularly revised as new information becomes available.
Various different types of plan may be developed to support the main software project plan that is concerned with schedule and budget.
![Page 16: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Establish the project constraints. Make initial assessments of the project parameters. Define project milestones and deliverables.While project has not been completed or cancelled loop
1. Draw up project schedule.2. Initiate activities according to schedule.
3. Wait ( for a while ) 4. Review project progress. 5. Revise estimates of project parameters. 6. Update the project schedule. 7. Re-negotiate project constraints.
![Page 17: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The project plan sets out:
◦ The resources available to the project;◦ The work breakdown;◦ A schedule for the work.
![Page 18: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Introduction. Project organisation. Risk analysis. Hardware and software resource requirements. Work breakdown. Project schedule. Monitoring and reporting mechanisms.
![Page 19: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Split project into tasks and estimate time and resources required to complete each task.
Organize tasks concurrently to make optimal use of workforce.
Minimize task dependencies to avoid delays caused by one task waiting for another to complete.
Dependent on project managers intuition and experience.
![Page 20: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Estimate resourcesfor activities
Identify activitydependencies
Identifyactivities
Allocate peopleto activities
Softwarerequirements
Activity chartsand bar charts
Create projectcharts
![Page 21: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Graphical notations used to illustrate the project schedule.
Show project breakdown into tasks. Tasks should not be too small. They should take about a week or two. Activity charts show task dependencies and the the
critical path. Bar charts show schedule against calendar time.
![Page 22: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
4/7 11/7 18/7 25/7 1/8 8/8 15/8 22/8 29/8 5/9 12/9 19/9
T4T1T2
M1T7T3
M5T8
M3M2T6T5
M4T9
M7T10
M6T11
M8T12
Start
Finish
![Page 23: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
PERT – Performance Evaluation and Review Technique[1] Better for software-oriented projects.[2] Uses 3 time estimates to determine most
probable.CPM – Critical Path Method
[1] Better for construction type projects.[2] One time estimate.
![Page 24: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• The modern approach to project management may be traced back to the middle of the 20th Century when the US Navy’s special Projects Office was formed in 1957 to support the nuclear submarine project.
• The PERT method (program evaluation and review technique) was established to analyse the tasks involved in completing a complex project.
• Is the identification of the critical path, that minimum amount of time that the project will consume given the various activities involved and how they relate to each other.
![Page 26: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
1 2
3
4
53 months
1 month 3 months
2 months
4 months 3 months
A
B C
E
D F
![Page 27: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
CPM was developed as a joint venture between DuPont Corporation and Remington Rand Corporation for managing plant maintenance projects.
Critical Path: Sequence of tasks that forms the longest duration of the project
Float◦ Amount of time that an activity may be delayed from its earliest
possible start date without delaying the project finish date◦ Latest possible finish date – earliest possible start – duration = total
float
![Page 28: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
CPM
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
6
4
3
5
1
4
2
6
5
3
5
0
6
9
13
19
18
23
23
18
20
13
9
6
0
ES
LF
Forward
Backward
![Page 29: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
PERT stands Program Evaluation and Review Technique. CPM stands for Critical Path Method. Is used to plan the scheduling of individual activities that make up a
project. Can be used to determine the earliest/latest start and finish times for
each activity, the entire project completion time and the slack time for each activity.
Are similar in their basic approach, they do differ in the way activity times are estimated.
Three times (optimistic, pessimistic and most likely times) are combined to determine the expected activity completion time and its variance.
Thus, PERT is a probabilistic technique: it allows us to find the probability of the entire project being completed by any given date.
CPM is called a deterministic approach. It uses two time estimate, the normal time and the crash time, for
each activity..
![Page 30: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
3. Gantt Chart
![Page 31: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
![Page 32: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Is a deliverable oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project.
Is a foundation document that provides the basis for planning and managing project schedules, costs, resources, and changes.
Decomposition is subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces.
![Page 33: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Breaks large project into manageable units:◦ Total project◦ Subprojects◦ Milestones ◦ Major activities ◦ Work packages
Helps to:
Identify all work needing to be done. Logically organize work so that is can be scheduled.Assign work to team members.Identify resources needed.Communicate what has to be done.Organize work using milestones.
![Page 34: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Guidelines: Some organizations, such as the DOD, provide guidelines for preparing WBSs.
Analogy approach: Review WBSs of similar projects and tailor to your project.
Top-down approach: Start with the largest items of the project and break them down.
Bottom-up approach: Start with the specific tasks and roll them up.
Mind-mapping approach: Write tasks in a non-linear, branching format and then create the WBS structure.
![Page 35: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The primary challenge of project management is to achieve all of the project goals and objectives while honoring the preconceived constraints.
The primary constraints are scope, time, quality and budget.
The secondary and more ambitious challenge is to optimize the allocation of necessary inputs and integrate them to meet pre-defined objectives.
![Page 36: Project Preparation and Management](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081604/589c10871a28ab007e8b4817/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Thanks