Project Overview and Highlights - CORDIS · 2017-04-21 · Components and Systems 4 Functionality...

Flexible Multifunctional Bendable Integrated Light-Weight Ultra-Thin Systems

www.flexibility-fp7.eu

Flexible Multifunctional Bendable Integrated Light-Weight Ultra-Thin Systems

Project Overview and Highlights

September 2011 – August 2015


• FLEXIBILITY is a 6.9M€ IP (4.9M€ EC funding)• 4 LE (incl. BEL), 4 SMEs (incl. KON), 1 research lab and 3

universities; 6 countries• Pushed state of the art of OLAE technologies and

components with single function• Provided functional modules

– e.g. audio, wireless receivers, sensors, dc supply

• Integrated multifunctional systems– E.g. audio bag, soft book, smart labels

• Demonstrated flexible packaging in transparent and textile technologies

• First printed speaker, audio amp & signal generator on PET• First thin-film analog radio & wireless receiver

Introduction

2


Participants and main tasks

3

TUD Coordination, audio amp, broadcast & data radios

ENF Primary battery

TUC R2R printing & fabrication, speakers, audio oscillator

SIE Sensor systems, packaging

ETH IZGO thin film tech. & fabrication

EXO Wireless streaming platform e.g. for ads, web page

DCS Sensor platforms e.g. for security and food

SMA Textile integr., wearable audio system, packaging

VAR Secondary batteries

KON Solar cells, OPV to battery interface electronicsVTT Touch screen & user interfaces

BEL Solar cells, OPV to battery interface electronics


Components and Systems

4

Functionality Wearable audio

Wireless streaming

Temperature sensing

Motion sensing

Application example (demonstrator)

Audio Bag Remote control

Sample validation

Soft book, toys

Audio loudspeaker needed needed needed not req.Audio amplifier needed optional needed not req.Audio signal generator not req. needed needed not req.Motion sensor not req. not req. not req. neededTemperature sensor not req. not req. needed neededBroadcast radio RX needed not req. not req. not req.Wireless stream. RX optional needed optional not req.Touch-screen w. OLED needed optional optional optionalPrimary battery optional needed needed neededSecondary battery needed optional optional optionalCharging electronics needed optional optional optionalSolar cells needed optional optional optional


Textile integration: wearable audio

5

• Integrate printed speaker and electronics in textile

• Demo: audio bag


Textile integration: soft book

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Magnetic snaps for removable components

Layout of one page of the soft book, with textile connection to voltage supply

Flexible substrate with packaged electronics for a soft-book page


Smart labels: beeper module

7

Printed Speaker

Fully Printed Ring Oscillator


a-IGZO TFT technology (ETH)

8

Sub-micron a-IGZO TFT Compelling applications

N. Münzenrieder et al., Applied Physics Letters, vol. 105, p. 263504, 2014.N. Munzenrieder et al., , Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 60, pp. 2815-2820, 2013.

Remarkable Mechanics

N. Münzenrieder, et al., Advanced Electronic Materials, vol. 1, pp. n/a-n/a, 2015.G. A. Salvatore et al., Nat Commun, vol. 5, 01/07/online 2014.

FT=135MHZ


20MHz a-IGZO TFT Receiver (TUD)

9


Roll-to-roll OFET technology (TUC)

10

Fully mass printed OFETs

• All-plastic transistors• Channel length 10-20 µm• Mobility 0.2 cm²/Vs• Good bias stress stability• Audio circuitry compatible • ft >50 kHz


• First fully-printed audio system.• First fully-printed & complete (i.e. with

integrated bias circuitry) amplifier circuit.• Capable of 5 hours continuous operation.

• Output sound pressure:– 3562dBA at 1 meter,– over 600Hz14kHz.

OFET Audio Amplifier (TUD, TUC)

11


Printed Speakers (TUC)

12

Fully printed loudspeakers

• Piezoelectric speakers• On conventional paper or plastic foil• 50-100 µm thick• Different size from 5 – 1000 cm²• Sound pressure level up to 80 dB

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

500 5000

SPL [dB

A]

f [Hz]

5cm² 16cm² 130cm² 550cm²


• Roll-to-roll manufactured thin film touch screen based on the resistive touch technology.

• R2R screen printing for resistive layer patterning, spacer layer and conductors.

• Hybrid integration of touch control electronics on flexible plastic film.

• Highly sensitive and accurate touch sensing observed in swipe and tap tests.

Printed thin film touch screen (VTT)

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R2R pilot printing line Flexible touch screen Touch screen with control electronics


• Gravure printing of OLED thin films on plastic film.– PEDOT:PSS and Yellow light emitting polymer (Super Yellow)– Emissive area 18 mm2

– Up to 1000 devices characterized.• Optimization of printing process parameters led to

improved OLED performance.• The yield of functional devices improved up to 95%

Flexible OLEDs (VTT)

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Flexible OLEDs OLED brightness and efficiency characteristics with variable process parameters.


Textile antenna (TUD, SMA)

15

47.4

7.0 392 µH

21.1 pF

35.5 cm

25.5

cm

Substrate material: a poly-cotton blended fabricOuter dimension: approx. 30 x 40 cmAntenna material: copperN:30 turns, pitch: 2 mm, wire length: 29 m

Small-signal modelfor circuit simulation


V (m

V)

−10

0

10

20

T (°C)10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

R1R2

R3R4

Temperature sensor in Wheatstone-bridge configuration

Output voltage of the Wheatstone bridge at a bias current of 0.1 mA

• PTC sensor elements: R2, R3 (Carbon)• NTC sensor elements: R1, R4

(PEDOT:PSS + 1% DMSO)• Electrical contact pads and connections are

printed with a silver nanoparticle ink

• Wheatstone bridge exhibits a sensitivity of ~0.4 mV/˚C at a bias current of 0.1 mA

• Good linearity• No hysteresis

Carbon

PEDOT:PSS+DMSO

Silver

I0 = 0.1 mA

5 mm

Printed temperature sensor (SIE)


Influence of Bias current Reproducibility

• Sensitivity of Wheatstone bridge is proportional to bias current

• The 3 Wheatstone bridges exhibit similar results: same sensitivity but small offset Good reproducibility

V (m

V)

−10

0

10

20

T (°C)10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

W-Bridge 1

W-Bridge 3

W-Bridge 2

I0 = 0.1 mA

V (m

V)

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

T (°C)10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

I0 = 0.1 mAI0 = 1 mA

3.9 mV/˚C

0.4 mV/˚C

Printed temperature sensor (SIE)


• Motion Sensors based on 4 quadrant OPDs have been realized on flexible substrates both for the visible and the NIR spectral region.

• High conductive PEDOT as ITO replacement for high bending cycle applications Feasibility demonstrated

• Lamination process with aluminum based sheets for top side encapsulation validated

• With the new developed process stack, no noticeable increase in dark current density after 118 hours at 65°C / 85% RH.

• Fig caption:– (g) Schematic of the device layer

stack. (a) Lamination setup and motion sensor design. (b), (c) and (d), (e) show bottom and top view of OPDs on PET foil with laminated aluminum sheet encapsulation, respectively. (f) Corresponding JV curves. (h) Bending test results. (i) motion detection tests at Siemens laboratories

Printed motion sensor (SIE)

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PET

PEDOT (Anode)Interlayer

BHJ~700nm

Al Foil (encap)

Cathode

Fluorescent lamp,Motion immediately above OPDs

Sign

al−60

−40

−20

0

20

40

60

time(s)0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

g)

h) i)


Flexible packaging (SIE)

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• The beeper module consists of a PET main substrate assembled with a printed signal generator and a printed loudspeaker from TUC.

• To achieve a high conductivity and homogenous traces, two layers of conductive Ag structures are inkjet-printed on the PET substrate.

• Attachment of the signal generator and loudspeaker using an adhesive foil and connection of the pads by means of a isotropic conductive adhesive.

• Connector housing is attached to the PET substrate by means of a non-conductive glue and the pins are electrically connected using a conductive adhesive.

Packaging of Beeper module (Sub 8)


Disposable batteries (ENF)

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Highlights:- Scalable high-voltage battery - Record-low internal resistance - Efficient serial connection (patent pending)


• From a single cell to a 20 cell battery

6V battery, 5 NiMH cellsjan 2015

24V battery, 20 NiMH cellsjun 2015

1,2V battery, 1 NiMH cellPrior art

Advantages in• Sealing• Encapsulation• Miniaturization• Printing precision

Rechargeable batteries (VAR)

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Flexible solar cells (BEL)

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• Special tailored solar modules

• Flexible

• Semi-transparent

• Light weighted

• Excellent Low-Light Performance

• Fully printed

9 x 9 cm Module (inclusive encapsulation)6.4 V Vmpp and 28 mA Impp

14 x 14 cm Module (inclusive encapsulation)24 V Vmpp and 15 mA Impp

0 200 400 600 800 10004.64.85.05.25.45.65.86.06.26.46.66.87.0

Vm

pp [V

]

Light intensity [W/m²]


• First (and still unique) fully-printed solar module in the market

• Lightest and most flexible power module• Fastest fully mass-printed OFETs• Highest reported OFET output power• Most bendable a-IGZO TFT technology• First integrated and fully-printed audio module

(printed amp and speaker)• First fully inkjet-printed temperature sensor in

Wheatstone bridge configuration• First demonstration of flexible AM and OOK radio

receiver

Highlights

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Project Overview and Highlights - CORDIS · 2017-04-21 · Components and Systems 4 Functionality...

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