TIMBER

&

WOOD

Timber is wood that has been processed

into beams and planks, a stage in the process of wood production. Timber may be supplied either rough-sawn, or surfaced on one or more of its faces. Besides pulpwood, rough Timber is the raw material for furniture-making and other items requiring additional cutting and shaping. It is available in many species, usually hardwoods; but it is also readily available in softwoods, such as white pine and red pine, because of their low cost.

Timber

Plain sawn- A log sawn through without adjusting

the position of the log and the grain runs across the width of the boards.

Quarter sawn and rift sawn—These terms have been confused in history but generally mean lumber sawn so the annual rings are reasonably perpendicular to the sides (not edges) of the lumber.

Boxed heart—The pith remains within the piece with some allowance for exposure.

Conversion of wood logs

• Boxed heart—The pith remains within the piece with some allowance for exposure.

• Heart center—the center core of a log.

• Free of heart center (FOHC)—A side-cut timber without any pith.

Square and rectangular

forms: Plank, slat, batten, board, lath, strapping , cantA partially sawn log such as sawn on two sides or squared to a large size and later resawn into Timber.

A flitch is a type of cant with wane on one or both sides. Various pieces are also known by their uses such as post, beam, stud, rafter, joist, sill plate, wall plate.

Rod forms: pole, (dowel), stick (staff, baton)

Various pieces and cuts

Colour : yellowish Brown

Price : 350 Rs. Per Square Meter

Density : 595 Kg/m³

Location : Maharashtra , Andhra Pradesh , Tamil Nadu , Karnataka, Kerala

Features : Elastic, Closed Grained, Strong

Uses : Building Construction , Structural Work,

Making Furnitures , Good For Under Water.

Aini Or Anjili Tree

AINI OR ANJILI TREE

Colour : Dark Brown

Price : 550 Rs. Per Square Meter

Density : 870 kg/m³

Location : Central India

Features : It is heavy and strong.

Uses : It has such uses as beams, rafters, and posts.

ARJUN TREE

ARJUN TREE

Colour : Whitish red

Price : 469 Rs. Per Square Meter

Density : 835 kg/m³

Location : Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh

Features : It is strong, hard and tough and it takes up a good polish.

Uses : It is used for such products as bodies and wheels of bullock cart, agricultural instruments, tool handles, and well curbs.

Babul Tree

BABUL TREE

Colour : Reddish brown

Price : 780 Per Square Meter

Density : 765 kg/m³

Location : Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu

Feature : It grows straight. It is strong and fibrous.

Uses : It is often used for scaffolding and posts for temporary structures.

Casuarina Tree

CASURINA TREE

Colour : Yellowish brown

Price : 660 Rs. Per Square Meter

Density : 560 kg/m³

Location : Himalayas, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh

Feature : It can be easily worked and it is moderately strong.

Uses : It is used for making cheap furniture, railway carriages, railway sleepers, packing boxes, structural work and so forth.

Deodar Tree

DEODAR TREE

Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a

natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists

compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees.

WOOD

As one of the three types of SPF Lumber class

(Spruce, Pine and Fir) softwoods, pine is an inexpensive, lightweight wood that makes great furniture. Available readily in white or pale yellow and in several varieties, pine is very easy to work with.

Pros: Low cost; Takes paint/stain well; Resists shrinking and swelling

Cons: Prone to scratches and dents

PINE

PINE TREE

Another popular wood used in building furniture,

maple is available in both soft and hard forms. Maple is harder as compared to other types of woods and its fine texture and even grain also makes it more stable.

Pros: Ultra-durable; Dense; Distinct look; Resistant to shocks and dents

Cons: Tend to change colour; Humidity Issues

MAPLE

MAPLE TREE

The most widely used hardwood, oak is distinctively

grained with the grain having beautiful prominent rays to it. Durable and long-lasting, furniture made from oak wood will look more traditional and elegant, which explain why it is such popular choice of hardwood.

Pros: Resilient; Resistant to moisture; Unique; Attractive

Cons: Bulky; Expensive; Heavy; Prone to scratches; Humidity Issues

OAK

OAK TREE

Also known as fruitwood, cherry is an all-around

great wood that is easy to carve and polish, and ages beautifully. With a hardness of 2 on a scale of 1 to 5, this light to red-brown wood with closed, distinctive grain, is a very common wood for furniture-making.

Pros: Strong; Easily shaped; Resists warping; Versatile

Cons: Expensive

CHERRY

CHERRY TREE

Varies from rich golden-yellow to dark brown, with

dark and light streaks, teak is becoming rarer these days. With an oily feel and a golden-brown colour, teak is synonymous with fine outdoor furniture. In spite of its steep price tag, teak is valuable both for its elegance and its durability.

Pros: Strong; Durable; Highly weather-resistant

Cons: Very expensive; Extremely heavy

TEAK

TEAK TREE

By : NASRIN KHATUN

EnRoll No. : A2180315079

Course : Materials and Applications