Project on Mr Baden Powel (Scout & Guide)

8/6/2019 Project on Mr Baden Powel (Scout & Guide)

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PROJECT

Subject:

LORD ROBERT STEPHENSON SMYTH

BADEN POWEL

By:-

Sarthak

Class- VIth BRoll No. 11

KV Vikaspuri


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Acknowledgement

Thanks to my parents who permitted me to join SCOUTS

Heartiest thank to Mr Kalicharana sir and Mr RP Sharma sir

who taught me about SCOUT & GUIDE.

Thanks to KV Vikaspuri where I got chance to learn aboutSCOUT.

Sarthak

Class- VI-B

Roll No. 11

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Chapter

Chapter No. Name Page No.

INTRODUCTION SUBJECT 01

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 02

CHAPTERS SCHEME 03

Chapter 1 ROBERT STEPHENSON 04

SMYTH BADEN POWEL

Chapter 2 SCOUT 06

Chapter 3 GUIDE 12

Chapter 4 BOER WAR 19

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Chapter-1

LORD ROBERT STEPHENSON SMYTH BADEN POWEL

FOUDER OF SCOUT & GUIDES

Robert Baden-Powell (1857-1941), British soldier and founder of the

Boy Scouts, was born in London, and completed his education at

Charterhouse. His full name was Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell,

1st Baron Baden-Powell of Gilwell.

He joined the 13th Hussars in India in 1876. From 1888 to 1895 he

was stationed, successively, in India, Afghanistan, Zululand, and Ashanti.

Before and during the Boer War, he served as chief staff officer during the

British campaign in Matabeleland (1896-1897), colonel of Irregular Horse,

South Africa, and lieutenant colonel of the 5th Dragoon Guards (1897-99).

In recognition of his courageous defense of Mafeking (now Mafikeng), he

was promoted to the rank of major general. He organized the South African

Constabulary toward the end of the war and became inspector general of

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cavalry in 1903. In 1908 he became a lieutenant general. Knighted in 1909,

he retired from military service the following year.

He started the Boy Scouts movement in 1907, and in 1910 he helped

to found the Girl Guides, a similar organization for girls. During World War

I he served in the British Intelligence Department. He wrote many books on

the Boy Scout movement, including What Scouts Can Do (1921) and

Scouting and Youth Movement(1929).

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Chapter-2

SCOUTS

Boy Scouts, international movement dedicated to developing the character of

boys and youths and training them for the responsibilities of adult life. The movement

was begun in England in 1907 by Robert Baden-Powell, who based his program on two

already existing American organizations: Sons of Daniel Boone, founded by the

American illustrator-naturalist Daniel Carter Beard, and Woodcraft Indians, started by the

British-born Canadian writer Ernest Thompson Seton.

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Scouting exists in more than 140 countries. The national organizations are

autonomous but hold membership in the World Organization of the Scout

Movement, which meets every two years. The World Scout Bureau in

Geneva, Switzerland, serves as secretariat for the movement. International

rallies, called jamborees, are held every four years.

BOY SCOUT FROM AMERICA

Boy Scouts of America (BSA) was incorporated in 1910. Each Scout

takes the Scout Oath: On my honor I will do my best to do my duty to God

and my country and to obey the Scout Law; to help other people at all times;

to keep myself physically strong, mentally awake, and morally straight.

The Scout Law calls upon all Scouts to be trustworthy, loyal, helpful,

friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful, thrifty, brave, clean, and

reverent. The movement is without military or political connection and is not

affiliated with any particular religious organization.

Although Scouting has no specific religious affiliation, the Boy Scouts

of America bans from membership those who refuse to affirm a duty to

God as part of the Scout Oath. The organization also excludes

homosexuals. These restrictions came under legal challenges in the 1980s

and 1990s. In 2000 the Supreme Court of the United States, by a 5 to 4 vote,

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ruled that the Boy Scouts can bar homosexuals from serving as Scout

leaders. The Court said the organization is a private group with a First

Amendment right to choose leaders based on its expressed values (see

Constitution of the United States: Amendment 1). Critics asserted the Boy

Scouts policy violated antidiscrimination laws.

The Boy Scouts organization encourages boys to participate in

vigorous outdoor activities. Camping is a regular part of the scout program,

which also includes conservation, forestry, farm work, and aid in community

services. During World War II (1939-1945), for example, the Boy Scouts

participated in a variety of civilian activities. The program also stresses the

development of skill in woodcraft, swimming, first aid, signaling, and other

activities. The Boy Scouts motto is Be Prepared.

The Boy Scouts of America, with headquarters in Irving, Texas, is

administered by a national council, which charters local councils. Local

Scouting organizations are sponsored by churches, schools, civic groups,

and other bodies, which are chartered by the local councils.

SCOUTING PROGRAMME

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The Scouting movement in the United States is open to boys and youths

beginning in the first grade or between 7 and 20 years of age. The movement

has three main divisions: Cub Scouting (including Tiger Cubs, Cub Scouts,

and Webelos), Boy Scouting, and Venturing, each designed

CUB SCOUTING

Cub Scouting is for boys in the first through fifth grades. The

programs offer boys participation in family-centered activities, community

service, and camping. Boys belong to a den, usually a group of six to eight

boys. The dens form a pack that meets monthly.

Tiger Cubs is a Cub Scouting program for boys in the first grade (or

who are age seven). Each boy has an adult partner. The Tiger Cub, working

with the adult, completes a series of 15 indoor and outdoor activities to earn

a Tiger Cub badge. Tiger Cubs wear a blue uniform with a blue-and-orange

cap and neckerchief.

After the first grade, boys in the Cub Scouts advance through the

ranks of Bobcat, Wolf, and Bear. The programs emphasize activities in and

around the boys' homes, with an increasing emphasis on outdoor activities as

the boys grow older. The uniform for Bobcats and Wolves is blue with a

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yellow cap and neckerchief. Bears wear the same uniform with a blue cap

and neckerchief.

Webelos (short for Well Be Loyal Scouts) are boys who are in the

fourth or fifth grade. Webelos may wear either the blue Cub Scout uniform

or the tan-and-olive Boy Scout uniform with an olive-and-plaid cap. After

achieving Webelos rank, boys can earn the Arrow of Light Award, the

highest rank in Cub Scouting.

BOY SCOUTING

Boy Scouting is available to boys who have finished the fifth grade, or

who are at least 10 years old, until they reach the age of 17. Boy Scouts are

grouped into troops, and each troop is divided into patrols of six to eight

boys. Troops are led by Scoutmasters, who can be male or female and must

be at least 21 years old. A boy who lives in an area without a Boy Scout

troop can become a Lone Cub Scout or Lone Boy Scout and coordinate his

activity with larger scout units by mail. A Boy Scout starts as a Scout and

can move through the ranks of Tenderfoot, Second Class, First Class, Star,

Life, and Eagle Scout by completing increasingly challenging requirements.

The Boy Scout uniform consists of a tan shirt and olive pants.

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VENTURING

The Venturing program is for young men and women aged 14 through 20.

Venturing crews are organized by businesses and various community

groups. Each crew provides Scouts with learning experiences and leadership

skills in a career, hobby, sport, or outdoor program. Participants, called

Venturers, usually wear forest green uniforms.

PUBLICATION AND MEMBERSHIP

The Boy Scouts of America publishes handbooks; pamphlets on specific

subjects; brochures; a bimonthly magazine for adult leaders, Scouting; and a

monthly magazine for all boys, Boys Life. In the United States there are

about 3.2 million youths and 1.2 million adults involved in Boy Scout

organizations.

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Chapter-3

GUIDE

The Girl Scouts help girls build skills. Those skills have changed with

the times. The first achievement badgeChild Nursewas awarded in

1912. It was given to girls who showed they could care for children.

Today, Girl Scouts earn badges for achievements in many areas,

including math, science, arts, sports, and managing money. They can even

earn awards online for exploring computers and cyberspace.

WHO ARE THE GIRL SCOUTS?

There are about 3 million members of the Girl Scouts of the United

States of America. Girls of all backgrounds are welcome to join. Scouts

range in age from 5 to 17.

There are five age levels of Girl Scouts. These levels are Daisy (ages

5 and 6), Brownie (ages 6 to 8), Junior (ages 8 to 11), and Girl Scout (ages

11 to 17).

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Scouts are guided by the Girl Scout Promise and the Girl Scout Law.

The Promise states, On my honor, I will try to serve God and my

country, to help people at all times, and to live by the Girl Scout Law.

The Girl Scout Law states the qualities Scouts should strive for. These

qualities include honesty, helpfulness, responsibility, fairness, and courage.

The Girl Scouts also trains girls to be leaders.

WHAT DO GIRLS SCOUTS DO?

Girl Scouts meet in small groups called troops with adult leaders. The

troops and their leaders meet about once a month. They work on crafts or

projects. They also plan activities to help their communities. For example,

Scouts might distribute food for the homeless or raise money for a

scholarship fund.

Girl Scouts also go on trips. These can be overnight camping trips at a

nearby state park. Or they can be longer trips that might involve a tour of

historic ruins or backpacking in a wilderness area.

Girl Scouts earn badges, patches, and pins for achievements in

different areas. Girls might choose to work for these awards in fitness, pet

care, community service, reading, sports, arts, and many other activities.

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Brownies win Try-Its for trying different activities. Girl Scouts can even

create their own club as part of a program called Studio 2B that enables

teens to set their own goals.

SELLING GIRL SCOUT COOKIES

In 1917, the Girl Scouts started selling cookies to pay for troop activities.

Back then, the Scoutswith their mothersbaked the cookies at home.

Today, there are companies that bake the special cookies.

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Girl Scouts

Girl Scouts of the United States is the largest

organization for girls in the world. Girl Scouts do all kinds of

activities, including hiking, arts and crafts, and volunteering.

They are also famous for selling cookies!

More than 170 million boxes of Girl Scout cookies are sold every

year. Thin Mints are the most popular kind.

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HOW THE GIRL SCOUTS BEGAN

The Girl Scouts were founded in 1912 by Juliette Gordon Low. Low

called a meeting in Savannah, Georgia, where she lived. Eighteen girls

attended the first meeting.

Low got the idea for the Girl Scouts from friends she had met in

England, Robert Baden-Powell and his sister Agnes. Robert had started the

Boy Scouts in England, and Agnes had started a group for girls called Girl

Guides.

Low liked the idea of bringing girls from all backgrounds together.

She believed that girls should know their way around the great outdoors as

well as how to cook and sew. She wanted to prepare girls for lives as

homemakers. She also wanted them to be ready to join the business world, if

thats what they chose to do.

Low traveled and set up Girl Scout troops across the United States.

She also established a national organization. The Girl Scouts expanded

rapidly

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Helping the Community

The Girl Scouts offers girls ages 5 to 17 a variety of

activity that emphasize fun, friendship, and the benefits of

helping others. These Girl Scouts plant trees during a

community service project.

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JULIETTE LOW

The Girl Scouts were founded in 1912 by American

youth leader Juliette Low, center. Today, there are more than

3 million Girl Scouts across the United States.

T

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Chapter-4

BOER WAR

INTRODUCTION

Boer War (1899-1902), conflict in southern Africa between

Britain and the allied, Afrikaner-populated Transvaal (or

South African Republic) and Orange Free State, in what is

now South Africa; also known as the South African War.

TENSIONS LEADING TO WAR

Throughout the 19th century, after Britain had acquired the

Cape of Good Hope in 1814 and expanded its possessions in

southern Africa, ill feeling mounted between the Dutch-

descended population, called Afrikaners, or Boers, and

British settlers. This resulted in the Afrikaner migration

called the Great Trek (1835-1843?) and the consequent

establishment of the Afrikaner republics: Natal, Orange Free

State, and the South African Republic. Natal became a

British colony in 1843, but Britain granted independence to

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the Transvaal territories in 1852 and to the Orange Free

State in 1854. In the late 1850s, the Transvaal territories

formed the South African Republic. The British annexed the

South African Republic in 1877, but an Afrikaner revolt

restored the republics independence in 1881. The stage for

war was set in 1884, when gold was discovered in the

Witwatersrand, a region then encompassing parts of the

southern Transvaal. The discovery lured thousands of British

miners and prospectors to settle in the area, the influx being

so great that the city of Johannesburg was created almost

overnight. The Afrikaners, primarily farmers, resented the

newcomers, whom they called Uitlanders (foreigners), and

in token of their feeling, taxed them heavily and denied

them voting rights. The resentment on both sides grew,

ultimately leading to a revolt by the Uitlanders in

Johannesburg against the Afrikaner government.

This revolt was instigated by the British colonial statesman

and financier Cecil Rhodes, then prime minister of the Cape

Colony, who desired to bring all of southern Africa into the

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British Empire. In December 1895, Leander Starr Jameson, a

friend of Rhodes, led a band of 600 British armed men in an

unauthorized attempt to support the rebellious Uitlanders in

the South African Republic. Called the Jameson Raid, the

venture resulted in Jamesons capture and imprisonment and

in Rhodess resignation. Jameson later served as premier of

the Cape Colony from 1904 to 1908.

Direct negotiations to solve the South African problem

proved unfruitful, and hostility between the Afrikaners and

the Uitlanders continued unabated. The president of the

South African Republic, Paul Kruger, was unyielding in his

opposition to the Uitlanders. In 1899 the recently appointed

British governor of Cape Colony, Alfred Milner, who strongly

resented the Afrikaners treatment of British subjects, issued

orders to build up the 12,000-man British army contingent

then in southern Africa. The force eventually grew to include

500,000 men. On October 9, 1899, Kruger demanded the

withdrawal of all British troops from the Transvaal frontiers

within 48 hours, with the alternative of formal war.

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MAJOR BATTLE

British noncompliance with Krugers demands brought

immediate action, and an alliance of the South African

Republic and the Orange Free State declared war on October

12, 1899. The Afrikaner forces were initially successful,

invading Natal and Cape Colony. Within days they succeeded

in surrounding British forces at Ladysmith, Natal, and at

Mafeking (now Mafikeng) and Kimberley, Cape Colony. In

December the British commander in chief Sir Redvers H.

Buller sent fresh troops to relieve besieged British forces in

three areas of the war zone: Colenso, Natal; the hills of

Magersfontein on the Orange Free State and Cape Colony

borders; and the mountain range of Stormberge in the Cape

Colony. Within a weeks time, referred to as Black Week by

the British, each of the new units had been defeated by

Afrikaner forces.

On January 10, 1900, the British general Frederick S. Roberts

was sent to replace Buller as commander in chief. (Buller,

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however, remained to fight throughout the war.) Early in

February, Roberts ordered the British commander John D. P.

French north to relieve the city of Kimberley; Frenchs

objective was attained four days later. Simultaneously,

Roberts undertook a northeastward march from Cape Colony

into the Orange Free State. Attacked by the Afrikaner

general Piet Cronje on February 27, Roberts fought back

successfully and forced the surrender of Cronje and his

troops, altogether about 4000 men. On March 13, Roberts

entered Bloemfontein, capital of the Orange Free State. Two

months later, on May 17, besieged Mafeking, defended by

troops under the command of the British soldier Robert

Baden-Powell, was relieved. Roberts captured Johannesburg

on May 31 and Pretoria, the capital of the South African

Republic, on June 5. Upon these defeats, President Kruger

fled to Europe, and Roberts, believing the war to be won,

returned to England in January 1901.

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GUERRILLA RESISTANCE

British satisfaction proved short-lived. Boer leaders, among

them such soldiers and future statesmen as Louis Botha and

Jan Christiaan Smuts, launched extensive and well-planned

guerrilla warfare against the occupying British troops. The

fighting thus continued for the next year and was finally

quelled only through the severe tactics of the new British

commander in chief, Lord Horatio Herbert Kitchener. He

exhausted the enemy by devastating the Afrikaner farms

that sustained and sheltered the guerrillas, placing black

African and Afrikaner women and children in concentration

camps, and building a strategic chain of formidable iron

blockhouses for his troops.

TREETY OF VEREENING

Negotiations for peace began on March 23, 1902, and on

May 31 Afrikaner leaders signed the Treaty of Vereeniging.

The settlement provided for the end of hostilities and

eventual self-government to the Transvaal and the Orange

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Free State as colonies of the British Empire. Britain agreed in

turn to pay a 3 million indemnity for rehabilitation, and

granted amnesty and repatriation to Afrikaner soldiers who

pledged their loyalty to the British monarch.

In the course of the Afrikaner War, British losses totaled

about 28,000 men. Afrikaner losses were about 4000 men,

plus more than 20,000 civilians who died from disease in

concentration camps. Thousands of black Africans also died

in the camps.

The Treaty of Vereeniging brought peace and political

unification to South Africa but did not erase the underlying

causes that had triggered the conflict. Even after the

establishment of the Union of South Africa in 1910, the

Afrikaners, by and large, kept themselves culturally and

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socially separate.

Reference:

1. Internet2. AIDS to Scouting.3. Encarta encyclopedia.

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