Project Management Overview-II

By: Engr.Dr.Attaullah Shah PhD ( Civil) Engg , MSc Engg ( Strs), BSc Engg ( Gold Medalist),

MBA, MA ( Eco),M.Phil (Eco) MSc Envir Design, PGD Computer Sc.Tel: 051-9250100

E-mail: pdaiou@yahoo.com.

Bio details of the Speaker Dr. Attaullah Shah

Director ( Planning and Projects AIOU) pdaiou@yahoo.com. pd@aiou.edu.pk, www.drshahpak.weebly.com +92-333-5729809, +92-51-9057212

Qualification PhD Civil Engineering ,M.Phil Eco ,MSc Structure Engg MBA, MA Eco, MSc Envir Design,BSc Civil Engg (Gold Medal), Post Grad Dip Comp (Gold

Medal) Professional and Field experience:

25 Years Research Publications in refereed journals and conferences:

25 Journals publicationsm+36 Conference publications Areas of interests

Structural Engineering Sustainable built Environment Construction project Management

What is a Project? An temporary endeavor to create a Unique Product

or Service.

A unique one time effort bound by cost, time and resources/technical performance ( CST) and has defined objectives to satisfy the customer needs.

Project is an undertaking having definite objectives, and specific beginning and ending points, limited budgets, defined scope.

Sum of certain activities and tasks required to be performed in a specified period of time with human and non-human resources for specified objectives.

( Is your training a project? )

What is a Project? Project is a one time non-routine opportunity to

develop a new product. To satisfy the customer to achieve the organizational objectives.To be completed with in Allocated budget. Scheduled Time. Approved Technical Performance. Approved and agreed Scope of Work. Without any change in the existing culture.

What is management? The process of Planning, Organizing, Staffing, controlling and leading.Project management: The art of Directing and coordinating the human and non humanResources throughout the life of project by using modernManagement techniques to achieve pre-determined objectives ofscope, cost, time, quality and participants satisfaction.

( Project Management Institute America)

Project management includes:- Project Appraisal ( Before Commencement of Project PC-I, PC-II).- Project monitoring. ( During Execution of the Projects PC-III)- Project Evaluation ( After Completion of the projects. PC-IV,PC-V)

31% of all new software development projects are cancelled before completion

53% of projects cost >189% of original estimates

16.2% of software projects completed on time and on budget

Average overrun is 222% of original estimates

Source: Standish Group, 1995

Costs of Poor Project Management A A survey on overall survey on overall applications development applications development projects revealed:projects revealed:

46% of IT projects were 46% of IT projects were "challenged" (completed "challenged" (completed over budget and past the over budget and past the original deadline).original deadline).

6% of projects succeeded.6% of projects succeeded.

28% of projects failed.28% of projects failed.

Source: Standish Group, 1998

Operations and Projects

Operations and projects share many characteristics:

Performed by people. Constrained by limited resources. Planned, executed, and controlled.

Operations may include activities such as: Financial management and control Continuous manufacture Product distribution

Projects may include activities such as: Developing a new product or service. Effecting a change in structure, staffing, or style of

an organization. Developing or acquiring a new or modified

information system.

Projects are Temporary Temporary means that every project has a

definite beginning and a definite end. The end is reached:

When the project’s objectives have been achieved, or When it becomes clear that the project objectives will

not or cannot be met and the project is terminated. Temporary does not necessarily mean short in

duration: many projects last for several years.

The duration of a project is finite: projects are not ongoing efforts.

The Product of a Project is Unique

A product or service may be unique even if the category it belongs to is large.

For example, many thousands of office buildings have beendeveloped, but each individual facility is unique—differentowner, different design, different location, differentcontractors, and so on.

Because the product of each project is unique, thecharacteristics that distinguish the product or service must beprogressively elaborated.

Progressively means “proceeding in steps; continuing steadilyby increments”

Elaborated means “worked out with care and detail; developedthoroughly”

Project management consists of

Roles

Who is responsible?

1

2

7

8

3

Processes

Work Products

What to deliver?

Techniques

How to produce?

Hints & Tips

How to produce?

GuidingPrinciples

Stages of PM

Three Stages of a Project

Establish

Execute Complete

Define project objectives, scope and approach, mobilise project team

Execute the work plan to achieve desired outcome

Wrap up and transition

Project Stages & Project Management Model

Organise Resources

Control the Work

Report Status

Plan the Executio

n

Complete Project

Establish

Execute Complete

Define project objectives, scope & approach, mobilise project team

Execute the work plan to achieve desired outcome

Wrap up and transition

Confirm Definition

Project Selection

Project Stages & Project Management Model

Establish

Confirm Definition

Project Selection

Project Selection• Define Project Scope• Define Project Objectives• Define Approach• Define Business Case• Select Best Projects

Project Stages & Project Management Model

Establish

Confirm Definition

Project Selection

Confirm Definition• Understand Project Sponsor expectations• Understand Project Scope• Understand Project Objectives• Confirm any assumptions• Identify Project Risks

Project Stages & Project Management Model

Organise Resources

Control the Work

Report Status

Plan the Executio

n

ExecutePlan the Execution

• Define Project Deliverables• Develop Work Plans• Develop Scope, Change

Control, Issue Management and Sign-off Processes

• Develop Risk Mitigation Plan

• Develop Quality Plan

Project Stages & Project Management Model

Organise Resources

Control the Work

Report Status

Plan the Executio

n

ExecuteOrganise Resources

• Identify Project Team Roles / Responsibilities

• Assign Team Members to Work Plan tasks

• Communicate responsibilities, target dates, deliverables

• Train Team Members • Organise physical

resources

Project Stages & Project Management Model

Organise Resources

Control the Work

Report Status

Plan the Executio

n

Execute

Control the Work• Monitor work progress• Resolve issues• Measure performance

Project Stages & Project Management Model

Organise Resources

Control the Work

Report Status

Plan the Executio

n

Execute

Report Status• Assess project progress• Prepare status reports • Communicate progress to

relevant audience group• Follow up any issues

resulting from status meeting

Project Stages & Project Management Model

Complete Project

Complete

Complete Project

• Complete any development / administrative activities

• Obtain sign-off of final project deliverables

• Transition to maintenance team where appropriate

Part-II Project Management in Public Sector

History of Planning Bodies in Pakistan Development Board was established early in 1948 In 1950 a Six-Year Development Plan was formulated and

embodied in the Colombo Plan for Cooperative Economic Development in South and South East Asia.

Planning Board: 18th July, 1953, To develop the resources of the country as rapidly as possible

so as to promote the welfare of the people, provide adequate living standards, and social services, secure social justice and equality of opportunity to all and aim at the widest and most equitable distribution of national wealth.

Planning Commission  On 22nd October 1958, the President was pleased to re-designate the National Planning Board as the Planning Commission.

Federal Ministries/Divisions

The Federal Ministries are responsible for the preparation of programmes and

projects in their respective fields of interest including autonomous organizations under their control

Conceptual Plans.Perspective Plan-Vision Plan ( Ex: 2030 Vision) To provide a long-term (15-25 years) economic and social

policy framework so that the objectives to be achieved over a much longer period can be incorporated in a medium-term framework.

Five Year Plan: A five year plan is a general statement of objectives and

targets relating to the economy as a whole and its various component sectors.

Roll-On Plan In order to bring flexibility into the Five Year, a roll-on plan of

medium term is designed in which the sectoral and project-wise position is adjusted according to the foregoing year

Annual Plan It is regarded as the implementation side of the five year

plan. The annual plan includes an evaluation of past performance,

a presentation of the main targets, an assessment of the resource position for the year.

FEASIBILITY STUDYPre-requisite for preparation of a major development project on sound lines, and is not ruled out even for a minor one

Preparation/Processing of PC-II.  For Large projects of cost 500 Million or more Consultants are appointed for pre-feasibility. The consultancy charges should not exceed 10%PC-I/Project Feasibility: Part 'A' is the "Project Digest”- containing eight

questions which are more or less common to all sectoral PC-I’s forms.

Part 'B' entitled "Project Description and Financing", Part 'C' deals with "Project Requirements". Part 'D' deals with environmental aspects.

PC-III Proforma Designed to furnish information on the progress of on-going

projects on quarterly basis

PC-IV & V Proformae PC-IV form is required to be submitted at the time when the

project is adjudged to be complete while the PC-V form is to be furnished on an annual basis for a period of five years by the agencies responsible for operation and maintenance of the projects.

Umbrella PC-I Some times a Federal Ministry is required to prepare a PC-I

having provincial components to be financed through a joint loan by a donor agency.

Public Sector Development Program PSDP The Public Sector Development Programme

(PSDP) is an annual document which lists all the public sector projects/ programmes with specific allocations made for each one of them in that particular financial year

Federal Vs Provincial Projects Major share of the total Development

Programme is allocated to Federal projects While the remainder is allocated to the

Provincial Development Programme.

PROJECT APPROVING BODIES

National Economic Council (NEC) –CEO/PM as Chief. ( No limit)

Executive Committee of National Economic Council

(ECNEC) Headed by the Federal Minister of Finance/ Adviser to the

Prime Minister for Finance and Economic and Planning.

Economic Coordination Committee of the Cabinet (ECC) Headed by the Federal Minister for Finance and Federal

Ministers of economic ministries as its members. It attends to all urgent day-to-day economic matters and coordinates the economic policies initiated by the various Divisions of the Government

Central Development Working Party (CDWP)

Headed by the Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission and which includes as its members the Secretaries of the Federal Ministries concerned with the development and the heads of the Planning Departments of the Provincial Governments.

Departmental Development Working Party (DDWP/DSC) Headed by the respective Secretary/ Head of Department and

includes representatives of Finance Division and concerned Technical Section in the Planning and Development Division.

Provincial Working Party (PDWP): headed by the Chairman, Development Board/Additional Chief

Secretary (Development) and includes Secretaries of the Provincial Departments concerned with development, as its members

Preparation/Processing of PC-II• A PC-II is prepared for undertaking a feasibility study in respect of a major project estimated to cost Rs 50 million or more. This is mandatory.

•A project-oriented TOR should be prepared and professional consultants should be engaged for the feasibility study, if necessary • The procedure for processing a PC-II is the same as for the PC-I. The consultancy cost should not exceed 10% of the project cost.

•The relevant scrutinizing body and the sanctioning authority will also remain the same as for the PC-I. In short, all the rules and procedures in respect of the PC-I will apply mutatis mutandis to the PC-II.

•All proposals for consultancy, both local and foreign, for preparation of feasibility studies/ conducting surveys should be drawn up on the PC-II form and got approved from the Competent Authority before undertaking the actual work.

• The need for utilization and development of local consultancy has been recognized by the Government.

Accordingly, ECC in its meeting held on 19-7-1988 decided that 30 per cent of expenditure to be incurred on foreign consultancy should be devoted to the development of local consultancy and that the limit of 30 per cent would be mandatory for foreign consultants, who would be required to engage local consultants

The Pakistani consultants and engineers be given full opportunity and they should be the first to be hired for projects for consultancies in Pakistan before hiring any foreigners.

For details of PC-II refer to Doc-PC-II

Project Preparation PC-1 General -        Linking Projects to Resources -        Location, Area and Population Coverage -        Project Description -        Project Objectives and Targets -        Project Scope -        Change in Scope of Projects -        Cost Estimates -        Revised Cost Estimates -        Financial Plan -        Financial Phasing -        Physical Scheduling of Activities -        Period of Implementation -       

Appointment of Consultants for Project Preparation, Detailed Designing and Tender Documents -        Economic Benefits -        Economic Benefits -        Inter-Agency Coordination -        Preparation of PC-I/Project Document For details refer to PC-I doc.

PROJECT APPROVAL

Approval Stage Project Approving Bodies-  National Economic Council (NEC)-   Executive Committee of National Economic Council (ECNEC)-  Economic Coordination Committee (ECC) of the Cabinet-  Central Development Working Party (CDWP)-   Departmental Development Working Party (DDWP)- Provincial Development Working Party (PDWP)  Sanctioning Powers of Approving Authorities Submission of Schemes to the Competent Authority  Processing of Schemes   

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING  Project Management & Supervision Appointment of Project Director Increase in Scope of Work and Delay in Execution of Projects Project Execution/Supervision-Development of Management

Information System (MIS) PERT/CPM Techniques Steps in Project Formulation/Implementation -  Listing of Activities -    Acquisition of Land -    Tendering of Civil Works and Award of Contracts -     Procurement of Machinery and Equipment -     Local Purchase/Fabrication -               Foreign Procurement/Utilization of Foreign Aid         

Submission of Completion Report -               Project Review and Monitoring -               Progress on PC-III Proforma -               Progress Review by the Ministries/Divisions         

Project Review Groups -               Review of Foreign Economic Assistance and Problematic

Foreign Aided Projects by the Committee -              

Project Control Cycle.

Establish the Standards

Collect the performanceData.

Compare with the standards Take the corrective actions

MonitoringMonitoring

Evaluation Evaluation

Resolve Resolve

Feedback Feedback

Project Management & Supervision1. The objective of any effort in project planning and analysis is to

have a project that can be implemented to the benefit and socio-economic uplift of the society.

2. The Project Director is appointed, staff of all categories arranged, the detailed designs got prepared, if need be, with the assistance of consultants, contractors pre-qualified and short-listed, tenders floated for civil works, equipment, and their installation, contracts awarded, all in timeliness with the objective of initiating the operations and getting them fully underway for achieving the goals envisaged without any time and cost over-run, in order that the economic benefits accrue according to the promises made in the scheme.

3. For achievement of the stipulated targets and tangible returns, however, it is imperative to entrust the management and supervision of the project during the implementation stage to capable and competent hands of required qualifications, experience and calibers.

CASH PLAN General

• The Cash Plan has to be prepared on the basis of allocations made in the PSDP for the next financial year.

• Provide name of the ministry/division along with Project and PSDP allocations. The serial number of the project as reflected in the PSDP may also be provided.

• The actual expenditure are the expenditure actually incurred on the project. The funds transferred to PWD/C&W department are not expenditure rather it is deposited with the department to be spent on behalf of executing agency. The expenditure incurred by PWD/C&W department may be shown as an expenditure.

Object/Functional ClassificationThe classification and head of expenditure as given in the chart of account of PIFRA

Items of ExpenditureThe major components of expenditure have been identified in the Cash Plan. However the items of expenditure may vary from project to project. The executing agency may incorporate any additional item of expenditure as per approved items of expenditure given in the PC-I The executing agencies can further bifurcate an item of expenditure if required. ( For details refer to Cash Plan Doc.)

Approved Cost as per PC-IProvide item-wise approved cost as reflected in the PC-I.Cumulative ExpenditureProvide item-wise, cumulative expenditure up to the end oflast financial year. Quarterly Financial TargetsThe cash requirements be worked out on the basis ofquarterly physical activities proposed to be undertaken in

thenext financial year.

Ensure a relationship between items of Work Plan and cashrequirements of different items of work.

WORK PLANGeneral The Work Plan has to be prepared on the basis of activity chart

annexed with the Work Plan.

Identify the activities to be undertaken on the basis of PSDP allocations for next financial year.

The activities have to be developed in line plan or bar.

In case, PSDP releases are not lapsable, the executing agency is required to prepare a separate Work Plan for the unspent releases.

Items of Work The items of works are the same as indicated in the Cash Plan. In

case of addition of any item in cash plan, it may also be added in the Work Plan.

Unit Please indicate the Unit of measurement. It can be kanals, acres,

hectare for land and sq. ft. for civil works etc. Scope of Work The approved scope of work in quantifiable terms as per PC-I be

provided. Physical targets/items of work be provided in absolute figures and not

in percentages.

Cumulative Physical Progress Item-wise cumulative Physical progress up till 30th June of the last

financial year be provided.

Quarterly Physical Targets The quarterly physical targets are developed on the basis of activities

identified and time allocated for each activity in activity chart. The activity-wise targets developed be reproduced under quarterly

Physical targets. Out Put Indicators Indicate output of the project in quantifiable terms (if applicable)

during the financial year. ACTIVITY CHART Activity charts have been developed to identify the time required in

undertaking an activity. Relationships between different activities have to be developed. An

activity can be undertaken after completion of previous activity or a number of activities can be undertaken simultaneously.

Time required to undertake an activity can be identified by line or bar. Activity chart will not be developed for

POL, repairs and maintenance. Stationery utilities etc. Contingencies.

Some Funny Quotes of Project Managers As of tomorrow, employees will only be able to access the building

using individual security cards. Pictures will be taken next Wednesday and employees will receive their cards in two weeks. What I need is a list of specific unknown problems we will encounter.

E-mail is not to be used to pass on information or data. It should be used only to be used for company business. Turnover is good for the company, as it proves that we are doing a good job in training people. This project is so important, we can't let things that are more important interfere with it. Doing it right is no excuse for not meeting the schedule. No one will believe you solved this problem in one day! We've been working on it for months. Now, go act busy for a few weeks and I'll let you know when it's time to tell them