Project Management A Managerial Approach Chapter 5 Project Planning.
Project Management A Managerial Approach
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Transcript of Project Management A Managerial Approach
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Project ManagementA Managerial Approach
Chapter 1
Projects in Contemporary Organizations
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Projects in Contemporary Organizations
Project Management has emerged because the characteristics of our turn-of-the-century society demands the development of new methods of management
Many forces have fostered the emergence and expansion of Project Management
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Forces Of Project Management
3 Paramount Forces driving Project Management: 1. The exponential expansion of human knowledge 2. The growing demand for a broad range of complex, sophisticated, customized goods and services 3. The evolution of worldwide competitive markets for the production and consumption of goods and services
All 3 forces combine to mandate the use of teams to solve problems that used to be solvable by individuals
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Objectives of a Project3 Project Objectives:
Performance Time Cost
Expectations of clients are not an additional target, but an inherent part of the project specifications
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Objectives of a Project3 Project Objectives:
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The Professionalism of Project Management
Complexity of problems facing the project manager Growth in number of project oriented organizations
The Project Management Institute (PMI) was established in 1969
By 1990 it had 7,500 members 5 years later, over 17,000 members And by 1998, it had exploded to over 44,000 members
This exponential growth is indicative of the rapid growth in the use of projects
Also reflects the importance of PMI as a force in the development of project management as a profession
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Project Management Institute
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Recent Changes in Managing Organizations
The process of managing organizations has been impacted by three revolutionary changes 1. Accelerating replacement of traditional,
hierarchical management by participatory management
2. Currently witnessing the adoption of the “systems approach” (sometimes called “systems engineering”)
3. Organizations establishing projects as the preferred way to accomplish the many specific changes that must be made when the organization attempts to alter its strategy
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The Definition of a “Project”
Must make a distinction between terms: Program - an exceptionally large, long-range
objective that is broken down into a set of projects
Task - set of activities comprising a project Work Packages - division of tasks Work Units - division of work packages
In the broadest sense, a project is a specific, finite task to be accomplished
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Characteristics of a Project
Have a purposeHave a life cycleInterdependenciesUniquenessConflict
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Why Project Management? Companies have experienced:
Better control Better customer relations Shorter development times Lower costs Higher quality and reliability Higher profit margins Sharper orientation toward results Better interdepartmental coordination Higher worker morale
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Why Project Management?Companies have also experienced
some negatives: Greater organizational complexity Increased likelihood of organizational
policy violations Higher costs More management difficulties Low personnel utilization
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The Project Life CycleStages of a Conventional Project:
Slow beginning Buildup of size Peak Begin a decline Termination
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The Project Life Cycle
Chapter 1-13
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The Project Life Cycle Time distribution of project effort is characterized
by slow-rapid-slow
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The Project Life Cycle
Other projects also exist which do not follow the conventional project life cycle
These projects are comprised of subunits that have little use as a stand alone unit, yet become useful when put together
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The Project Life Cycle Unlike the more conventional life cycle, continued inputs of
effort at the end of the project produce significant gains in returns
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The Project Life CycleIt is essential for the Project Manager
to understand the characteristics of the life cycle curve for his project
The distinction between the two life cycles plays a critical role in the development of budgets and schedules for the project
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The Project Life CycleRisk during project life cycle
With most projects there is some uncertainty about the ability to meet project goals
Uncertainty of outcome is greatest at the start of a project
Uncertainty decreases as the project moves toward completion
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Risk During Project Life Cycle Uncertainty decreases as the project moves
toward completion
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Textbook Structure
Structure of the text follows the life cycle of projects Text divided into 3 main sections:
Part I - Project InitiationPart II - Project ImplementationPart III - Project Termination
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SummaryThe Project Management Institute (PMI) was
founded in 1969 to foster the growth and professionalism of project management
Project management is now being recognized as a valuable “career path” in many organizations, as well as a way to gain valuable experience within the organization
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Summary
The three primary forces behind project management are: 1. The growing demand for complex,
customized goods and services 2. The exponential expansion of human
knowledge 3. The global production-consumption
environment
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SummaryThe three prime objectives of project
management are: 1. To meet specified performance 2. To do it within specified costs 3. Complete on schedule
Terminology follows in this order: program, project, task, work package, work unit
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SummaryProjects are characterized by a
singleness of purpose, a definite life cycle, complex interdependencies, some or all unique elements, and an environment of conflict
Project management, though not problem-free, is the best way to accomplish certain goals
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SummaryProjects often start slow, build up
speed while using considerable resources, and then slow down as completion nears
This text is organized along the project life cycle concept: Project Initiation (Chapters 2-6) Project Implementation (Chapters 7-11) Project Termination (Chapters 12-13)
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Projects in Contemporary Organizations
Questions?
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Projects in Contemporary Organizations
Picture Files
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Projects in Contemporary Organizations
Figure 1-1
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Projects in Contemporary Organizations
Figure 1-2
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Projects in Contemporary Organizations
Figure 1-3
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Projects in Contemporary Organizations
Figure 1-4
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Projects in Contemporary Organizations
Figure 1-5
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Projects in Contemporary Organizations
Figure 1-6