PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT (PCR) - African Development Bank
Transcript of PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT (PCR) - African Development Bank
ZAMBIA
NKANA WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT
PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT
(PCR)
RDGS
February 2018
AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FUND
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I BASIC DATA
A Report data
Report date Date of report: 30/11/2015
Mission date (if field mission) From: 19/10/2015 To: 23/10/2015
B Responsible Bank staff
Positions At approval At completion
Regional Director - Kennedy Mbekeani (OIC)
Country Manager N/A Damoni Kitabire
Sector Director Andrianarison Rakotobe Mohamed El Azizi
Sector Manager Sering Jallow Osward Chanda
Task Manager Mecuria Assefaw Herbert Chinokoro
Alternate Task Manager
PCR Team Leader Alex Gomani
PCR Team Members
Herbert Chinokoro
Monia Moumni (peer reviewer)
Aicha Mohamed Moussa (peer reviewer)
Kelvin Banda (peer reviewer)
C Project data
Project name: Nkana Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Project code: P-ZM-E00-008 Instrument number(s): 2100150018345
Project type: Public Operation Sector: Water and Sanitation
Country: Zambia Environmental categorization (1-3): 2
Processing milestones – Bank approved
financing only
Key Events (Bank approved financing
only)
Disbursement and closing dates (Bank
approved financing only)
Financing source/ instrument1: ADF
Loan, 2100150018345
Financing source/ instrument1: Financing source/ instrument1:
Date approved: 27/11/2008 Cancelled amounts: Original disbursement deadline:
31/12/2013
Date signed: 22/12/2008 Supplementary financing: N/A Original closing date: 31/12/2013
PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT FOR PUBLIC SECTOR OPERATIONS (PCR)
AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT
BANK GROUP
2
Date of entry into force: 29/01/2009 Restructuring (specify date & amount
involved): N/A
Revised (if applicable) disbursement
deadline: 31/03/2015
Date effective for 1st disbursement:
25/06/2009
Extensions (specify dates): 31/12/2013 to
30/09/2014
30/09/2014 to 31/03/2015
Revised (if applicable) closing date:
31/03/2015
Date of actual 1st disbursement: 01/09/2009
Financing source/ instrument2: Financing source/ instrument2: Financing source/ instrument2:
Date approved: Cancelled amounts: Original disbursement deadline:
Date signed: Supplementary financing: N/A Original closing date: N/A
Date of entry into force: Restructuring (specify date & amount
involved): N/A
Revised (if applicable) disbursement
deadline: N/A
Date effective for 1st disbursement: Extensions (specify dates): N/A Revised (if applicable) closing date: N/A
Date of actual 1st disbursement:
Financing source/ instrument3: Financing source/ instrument3: Financing source/ instrument3:
Date approved: Cancelled amounts: Original disbursement deadline:
Date signed: Supplementary financing: N/A Original closing date:
Date of entry into force: Restructuring (specify date & amount
involved): N/A
Revised (if applicable) disbursement
deadline: N/A
Date effective for 1st disbursement: Extensions (specify dates): N/A Revised (if applicable) closing date: N/A
Date of actual 1st disbursement:
Financing source/instrument (add/delete
rows depending on the number of financing
sources):
Disbursed
amount
(amount,
UA):
Percentage disbursed
(%):
Undisburse
d amount
(UA):
Percentage undisbursed
(%):
Financing source/ instrument1: ADF Loan 34,998,407.20 99.99% 1,592.73 0.01%
Government: 3,820,000 89.10% 416,308.20 10.89%
Other (eg. co-financiers).
TOTAL 38,818,407.20 98.92% 417,900.93 1.08%
Co-financiers and other external partners:
Executing and implementing agency (ies): Nkana Water and Sewerage Company
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D Management review and comments
Report reviewed by Name Date
reviewed
Comments
Country Manager Damoni Kitabire 6/01/2016 Cleared
Sector Manager Osward M. Chanda 8/01/2016 The PCR has been reviewed and it is
very informative
Regional Director (as chair of Country Team) Kennedy Mbekeani, OIC 10/02/2016 Cleared
Sector Director Mohamed El Azizi 12/02/2016 Cleared for posting
II Project performance assessment
A Relevance
1. Relevance of project development objective
Rating* Narrative assessment
4 The project development objective was clear, realistic, important and responded to a key development priority for the
Government of Zambia (GRZ) of improving the provision of adequate, safe, and cost effective water supply and sanitation
services to both urban and rural population, with due regard to environmental protection sustainable water supply and
sanitation to Zambia’s population. The components and institutional arrangements provided a coherent means to achieve
the PDO. The program objectives and purpose which were to provide continuous and satisfactory delivery of potable water
to all customers within the defined consumer areas of Kitwe, Kalulushi and Chambishi, and provide improved sanitation
for all residents in these urban and peri-urban areas, remained fully aligned and highly relevant with the Bank’s Country
Strategy Paper (CSP) and the GRZ developmental strategy, the long-term plan National Vision 2030 and will contribute to
achieving Millennium Development Goal 7, Target 7.C, which calls for halving the proportion of people without access to
safe drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015. The project was crucial and timely to promote improved health and
standard of living of the beneficiaries, as well as economic development of the project areas.
2. Relevance of project design
Rating* Narrative assessment
3 The project design was based on priorities identified through a pre-feasibility study carried out by the Borrower
encompassing technical, economic and financial analyses. The project design remained consistent throughout the
implementation period and adopted robust monitoring, supervision, inspection and technical assistance mechanisms. The
project design also included conditions on reporting on the key financial indicators of the company to ensure sustainability
of the project outputs and outcomes. The project learnt heavily from phase one of the Banks support under the Kitwe Water
Supply and Sewerage Rehabilitation Project including maintaining simplicity in operations, uniformity in equipment
selection and proper training of staff in operations to ensure sustainability have been taken into account.
3. Lessons learned related to relevance
Key issues
Lessons learned Target
audience
Involve beneficiaries
in program
identification and
design for onsite
sanitation facilities
There is need for effective community mobilisation and sensitization on the project design if
the intended buy-in and outcomes are to be achieved. Provision of Household sanitation
facilities which required contributions from households was a success due to initial engagement
with stakeholders and assessment of beneficiary needs during project preparation and
implementation.
Bank, RMCs
Good Pre-Feasibility/
Feasibility study
reports are critical to
good project design
Pre-feasibility/ feasibility study reports are important elements of overall project design as they
provide the basis for more accurate project cost estimates and implementation timelines to
quickly operationalise the project and avoid costly cost overruns during implementation. There
were no cost overruns on this project because of good pre-feasibility reports
Bank, RMCs
4
Incorporation of
performance
monitoring of water
and sewerage utilities
is important for
ensuring
sustainability after
project completion
Sustainability agreements should be regular tools and instruments in any Bank financed project
for provision of water supply and sanitation services especially in urban areas to ensure the
entities charged with the responsibility of service delivery move towards technical,
environmental, financial and commercial sustainability and should include operational
performance, customer services, financial and corporate governance.
Bank, RMCs
B Effectiveness
1. Progress towards the project’s development objective (project purpose)
Comments
Provide a brief description of the Project (components) and the context in which it was designed and implemented. State the project
development objective (usually the project purpose as set out in the RLF) and assess progress. Unanticipated outcomes should also be
accounted for, as well as specific reference of gender equality in the project. The consistency of the assumptions that link the different
levels of the results chain in the RLFshould also be considered.
The project purpose was to improve the provision of adequate, safe, and cost effective water supply and sanitation services to both urban
population, with due regard to environmental protection. The project consisted of five components, namely (A) Water supply works
improvement ; (B) Sewerage improvement works; (C) Sanitation and hygiene promotion and education; (D) Institutional support to
NWSC and (E) Project management.
(A) Water supply works improvement - This component was designed to increase the quantity of water produced and distributed in
Kitwe, Kalulushi and Chambishi townships. Water production increased from 56.6 million m3 per year to average water production
of 69.1 million m3 /year. In the distribution system, storage was improved by addition of 3,500 m3 of new storage
(B) Sewerage improvement works – This component resulted in rehabilitation of the Nkana East Sewage Treatment Works to bring it
to its original operation design, rehabilitation of four (4) sewage oxidation ponds and collapsed sewer networks by removing
blockages and damaged manholes, and improving sanitation in the Wusakile, Kamitondo and Buchi areas. More than 100 kilometres
of sewer network was rehabilitated and 1,940 water borne toilets were constructed.
(C) Sanitation and hygiene promotion and education - The component achieved the construction of 1,654 improved on-site sanitation
facilities in the unplanned settlements of Twaiteka, Kamatipa and Ipusukilo. The households were encouraged to put up own
sanitation facilities depending on their preference in the project area as part of this component. 35 public sanitation facilities have
been built with 16 in schools, 13 in health centres including incinerators and 6 in public places such as markets and bus stops. The
provision of the facilities has enable 14,000 people to access improved sanitation in the three urban areas. The Training of Trainer
(TOT) programme for WASHE in total reached 9,621 community members, staff and 480 school teachers, Parents and Teachers
Association Members and School Administrators using a pool of Trainers and outreach facilitators (7,130 females)
(D) Institutional Support – The component enable the NWSC receive various support from the project to enable it continue to improve
its operations. The Management Information System of the Company was upgraded in order to achieve full integration of its
technical and financial activities making billing more efficient. A tariff and an affordability study was undertaken in order to match
the charges to the actual cost of delivery water supply and sanitation to the people of the three urban areas and was effected in 2013.
Among other things, the affordability study provided information to assist with setting the lifeline tariff, to cater for the very urban
poor. Institutional support was provided in terms of donation of equipment, tools protective clothing and other logistics for
enforcement of the Public Health Act and implementation of the Training of Trainer programme. Staff were also trained in various
WASH related areas and exposed to similar ongoing projects in WASH.
On whole, the project is benefiting 704,143 people living within the three urban centres of Kitwe, Kalulushi and Chambishi with
improved access to reliable water supply and sanitation services. This represents a water coverage ratio of 95% of the population in the
service area, more than the target of 90% which was originally intended to be covered. Of the beneficiary population, approximately
65% of these are the urban poor mostly living in the peri-urban areas, which were generally poorly serviced. 47% beneficiaries for the
1,654 household sanitation facilities the unplanned settlements of Twaiteka, Kamatipa and Ipusukilo are female headed and 10% of the
facilities have been provided for vulnerable households.
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2. Outcome reporting
Outcome
indicators (as per
RLF; )
Baseline
value
(Year)
Most
recent
value
(A)
End target (B)
(expected value
at project completion)
Progress
towards
target (% realized)
(A/B)
Narrative assessment
Core Sector
Indicator (Yes/No)
Outcome 1:
Percentage of
residents
benefiting from
adequate water
supply
services
71%
(2008)
95%
90% 105% The project is benefitting 704,143 people with
improved access to reliable water supply and
sanitation services. This represents a water
coverage ratio of 95% of the population in the
service area, more than the target of 90% which
was originally intended to be covered. The level
of service and the reliability of the system has
greatly improved with average hours of supply
at 16 hours.
Yes
Outcome 2:
Percentage of
residents
benefiting from
improved
sanitation
facilities
66%
(2008)
70% 80% 84% The project is benefitting 519,302 people with
improved sanitation in the project area. Of these,
9,924 beneficiaries where from unplanned
settlements of Kamatipa, Twaiteka and
Ipusukilo who were provided with 1,654
improved onsite sanitation facilities. In addition,
the project provided 31 public sanitation
facilities in various institutions, health centres
and bus stops benefitting 14,000 people. The
target could not be reached as the population
growth outstripped the number of sewer
connections which are being made.
Yes
Outcome 3:
Incidence of
diarrhoea and
dysentery
239/1000
(2008)
137/1000 180/1000 131% There has been a substantial reduction in major
water-related diseases in all project towns. The
project has enhanced public health awareness
and the reduction of the incidence of diarrhoea
is a reflection of the contribution of the project
to improvement of the environmental health of
the project areas. Water coverage ratios have
increased and moreover, wastewater treatment
capacities have increased, reducing the
discharge of untreated effluent into the
environment. No major outbreak in project area
since 2012. The incidence of diseases has
reduced by 43% from 239 cases per 1,000
people in the year 2008 to 137 cases per 1,000 in
2015.
Yes
Outcome 4:
Increased
metered
connections
33%
(2008)
85% >80% 100% Metering is a key element of running a
successful utility business. It is the cash register
of the company. The project managed to
increase metering coverage from 33% to 85%.
NWSC will ensure fully metering from its own
internally generated funds by the end of 2016.
Yes
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Outcome 5:
Unaccounted for
water (UFW)
42%
(2008)
44% 25% 176% With the increase in water produced and
distributed, and increased domestic metering,
this resulted in having more accurate
measurements of what quantities were produced
and billed. A more comprehensive water
demand strategy encompassing a robust non-
revenue water action plan should have been part
of the project to adequately address the
requirements for improving on water losses.
NWSC has begun work on these two tools and
has now an operations and maintenance plan for
the existing and new infrastructure.
Yes
Outcome 6:
Increase
Collection ratio
80%
(2008)
81% >95% 85% Despite increased water produced and billed, the
collection ratio has not improved as expected. In
areas like Chimwemwe, Buchi, Kamitondo and
Chamboli were water supply has improved, the
collection ratio is on average only 54%. These
areas were not receiving adequate water supply
before the project and it is expected that there
will be a gradual increase in the collection ratio
as consumers get used to billed water supply.
NWSC should embark on a sensitization and
debt collection exercise to collect outstanding
debt
Yes
Outcome 7:
Average daily
hours of supply
18 (2008) 16 24 67% Water supply has improved with areas such as
Nkana East receiving 24 hours supply and
Chamboli and Wusakile moving from 3 hours
per day to 11 hours per day of water supply.
Despite these improvements, average water
supply has declined slightly from the baseline
due to population growth which has outstripped
the gains. It is expected that with further
improvements in Optimising the water supply
districts within the distribution system, there
will be a gradual increase in supply hours. The
reduction in hours of supply by two hours from
the baseline has an adverse impact on cost
recovery as this results in reduced cash flows
and has impact on sustainbility.
Yes
Outcome 8:
Quality of both
water supply
and treated waste
water
Not
meeting
national
standard
(2008)
Water
quality
complianc
e of 95%
attained
To meet
national
standard
Feacal
coliform
standards
not met in
sewage
effluent
The rehabilitation of the Water treatment plants
has greatly improved quality of treated water.
For sewage treatment, all the parameters are
being met except bacteriological results which
would require chemical dosing in the long run to
meet the national standards.
Yes
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Outcome 9:
Functional
Resident
Development
Committees
(RDCs) and
increased women
participation
from 30% to
50%.
30
(2008)
79 50 158% Since Government banned RDCs, community
level activities spearheaded by the
Neighborhood Health Committees (NHCs)
under the respective clinics. A community level
steering Committee comprising the NHCs, Civic
leaders, community leaders from Churches,
Political parties, Community Based
Organization was also established to engender
participation and reduce conflict at community
level.
Rating* (see IPR
methodology) Narrative assessment
3 The project outcome indicator targets have been largely attained resulting in a positive impact, which will enhance
the livelihood and wellbeing of the population especially that of peri urban residents. The benefits cited by various
beneficiaries included lower incidence of diseases corroborated by health statistics collected, reduced clinic visits,
improved economic opportunities for artisans and community based enterprises (san-plat makers and brick layers,
mostly trained by the project but also with preexisting skills) who have continued to be contractors for residents
replicating on their won the sanitation facilities which the project demonstrated and built in the peri urban areas.
All these benefits will allow peri urban populations to increase productive and income generating activities which
will ultimately lead to more inclusive growth outcomes.
One of the key objectives of the project was to market the value addition side of sanitation promotion as part of
promoting positive attitudes in the communities. In addition to health benefits of WASH, the livelihood
opportunities were also promoted by providing various skills training in construction skills e.g. building of
sanitation options, casting of sanitation platforms. 236 community artisans were trained out of which women were
77 men and 159 women were trained in Business management and WASH. Communities were encouraged to form
Community Based Organizations such as Women’s Clubs and contracted to provide the services to the project at a
fee. In total 18 Community Enterprises were established out of which 9 have females in leadership.
3. Output reporting
Output
indicators (as
specified in the RLF;)
Most recent
value
(A)
End target (B)
(expected value at project completion)
Progress towards
target (% realized) (A/B)
Narrative assessment
Core Sector
Indicator (Yes/No)
Output 1: Audit
report submission
2014//2015
Audit report
submitted
submission of
all Audit reports
due
100% All the Auidt reports from commencement of
deisbursement of funds in 2009 to the
2014/2015 were submitted and reviewed and
were unqualified and accetablke to the Bank
No
Output 2: Quantity
of water produced
and distributed in
Kitwe, Kalulushi
& Chambishi (m3)
68,073,069 70,202,500
97% The indicator is on track but current
production being affected by load shedding
being experienced at the major water
treatment plants at Kafue, Bulangililo and 7
Shaft.
Yes
Output 3: Quantity
of waste water
treated
(estimate)(m3)
22,427,000 26,676,950
96.7%
Treatment of waste water at the Nkana East
Mechanised Plant is currently being affected
by load shedding. Indicator on track once load
shedding eases.
Yes
Output 4: Number
of operable public
water points
165 163
101%
The water points provided have increased
access to safe water and greatly reduced time
required to fetch water in unplanned
settlements and improved the general living
conditions of the residents
Yes
8
Output 5: %
public water
points operated by
women
50 79
158%
Deliberate mechanisms were put in place to
ensure women take up leadership roles and
also empowered in skills on livelihood
improvement, such as business skills and self-
actualization. The women are able to earn and
income from manning the water points and
thus contribute to the overall family income.
No
Output 6: Number
of improved onsite
sanitation facilities
reaching
vulnerable groups
1,654 1,503
110%
The target was exceeded and there was
overwhelming demand for the facilities.
Construction of the sanitation facilities has
also lead to improved awareness and dignity
in the community. The women and elderly
have been provided the privacy they need.
Awareness levels have also been enhanced as
more people informed on the sanitation
options they could choose from. Demand
responsiveness is also high with more
households constructing or improving their
toilets using the established pool of skilled
artisans.
Yes
Output 7: %
Female headed
households
benefiting from
onsite sanitation
30 43.3
144%
50 female HH are benefiting from the onsite
sanitation facilities.
Yes
Output 8: Number
of new water
supply facilities
provided and
rehabilitated in
schools and health
centres
21 21
100%
Various schools in the project area were
provided with new water supply facilities and
some dysfunctional ones were also
rehabilitated. This is benefiting 6,667pupils.
Yes
Output 9: Number
of new sanitation
facilities provided
and rehabilitated
in schoolsand
health centres
35 35
100%
This provision of improved and adequate
sanitation in recipient schools has led to the
improvement of school attendance by the girl
child. School WASH campaign were children
were identified as a key agent for behaviour
change. Thus to promote more sustainable
behaviour change, WASH was to be
integrated into the school system through a
Localized curriculum. The curriculum has
since been approved by the Ministry of
Education and learning materials were
developed. In addition to this, school talks are
ongoing while awaiting the implementation of
the curriculum. School Lead Total Sanitation
was also administered in selected schools as
part of triggering demand for improved
sanitation. This is benefiting 3286 girls and
3381 boys in schools.
Yes
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Output 10:
Provision of solid
waste
management
equipment
4 4
100%
Equipment procured, distributed and in use No
Output 11:
Rehabilitation of
offices and
provision of
equipment
1
1 office,
1 set office
equipment
100%
New Head office construction works complete
and office occupied and in use
No
Output 12:
Provision of
specialized utility
vehicles
8 8
100%
Procured and in use
No
Output 13:
Provision of
logistic and utility
vehicles
7 7
100
Procured and in use
No
Output 14: No.
teachers and
health
Inspectors/CDOs
trained in
sanitation and
Hygiene
promotion and
HIV/AIDs as per
PAR
800 teachers
40 Health
Inspectors
625 teachers
43 health
inspectors/CDO
s
84%
Teachers TOT activity completion awaits
implementation and approval of Localized
Curriculum materials and will continue under
NWSC. Indicator on track.
No
Output 15: 50%
RDC women
trained S & H and
management
50% 56%
112%
Training on gender mainstreaming was also
provided to the community leaders and the
general community to enhance appreciation of
the benefits of inclusiveness.
No.
Output 16: 7,000
community
members trained
in S&H HIV/Aids
7,000
(>3500
women)
9,621 (7,130)
137%
The Training of Trainer (TOT) programme for
WASHE in total reached 9,621 community
members, staff and 480 school teachers,
Parents and Teachers Association Members
and School Administrators using a pool of
Trainers and outreach facilitators (7,130
females).
No
Output 17: Reduce
girls absence from
schools by 60%
per month
Activity not
commenced
As the sanitation facilities were only
commissioned in June 2015, the impact has
not been immediately felt and the executing
agency will continue to monitor the indicator
for future evaluations
No
10
Output 18:
Clearing of
Dambo’s
22 22
100
As part of promoting a cleaner environment
and malaria control, support for clearing of
Dambo’s was undertaken in Kitwe, Kalulushi
and Chambishi. Although the initial target was
to clear 100 Dambo’s, the number of Dambo’s
identified in the project area were only 22.
These were worked on included the
unblocking and clearing, thus contributing to
the malaria control efforts in the two districts.
No
Rating* (see IPR
methodology) Narrative assessment
3 The physical implementation of project components (rehabilitation, expansion of water and sewer networks, water
treatment plants, sewerage treatment plants) complied with the technical specifications of the contracts. Materials
and equipment supplied and installed complied with the requisite international quality standards. Design and
installation works were conducted pursuant to the best practices.
4. Development Objective (DO) rating
DO rating (derived
from updated IPR)* Narrative assessment
3 Most of the outputs and outcomes were achieved at 100% and others even surpassed. The development objective
is assessed as satisfactory and is likely to be achieved. Based on the reported results indicators at project closure,
the project substantially achieved its objectives. The quality of outputs from the project was excellent, the quantity
of water being supplied has increased, areas which previous had no or very low water supply hours are now able
to receive an average of 16 hours of supply with most parts receiving over 20 hours of supply. The project has
improved peoples livelihood and uality oif life by empowering women, men and youths who are now involved in
the household sanitation construction works and managing water kiosks providing employment and income
genrtaing activites. This has raised household incomes contributing to inclusive growth in the projct area with
community artisan contracts will contributing a total of K930, 800 (US$175,800) to communities thus improving
the general livelihoods, especially for female headed households.
5. Beneficiaries (add rows as needed)
Actual (A) Planned (B) Progress towards target (% realized) (A/B)
% of
women
Category (eg. farmers, students)
704,143 people 667,082 105% 50.2% Population with improved access to water supply in Kitwe,
Kalulushi and Chambishi towns
457,693 people 433,603 105% 50.2% Peri urban population accessing improved water supply
and sanitation at public places, schools and health centres
519,302 people 593,488 84% 50.2% Population with improved access to sanitation in Kitwe,
Kalulushi and Chambishi towns
14,000 people 14,000 100% 51% Population accessing improved water supply and
sanitation at public places such as markets and bus stops,
schools, and health centres
9,924 people 9,018 110% 51% 47% of the households are female headed benefitting from
1,654 sanitation facilities in Twaiteka, Ipusukilo and
Kamatipa.
9,621 people 7,000 137% 68.3% Community members sensitized in WASH, HIV and
malaria
11
625 Teachers and
4 Health
inspectors
800 teachers
and 40 health
inspectors
84% 57% Teachers and environmental health technicians
6. Unanticipated or additional outcomes
Description Type (eg.
gender, climate
change, social, other)
Positive or
negative
Impact on
project (High,
Medium, Low)
Additional outcomes through Household empowerment: women, men and youths
are involved in the household sanitation construction works. For Hand washing post
between K5 (US$1) and K10 (US$2) is charged for, while dish racks are pegged at
K30 (US$6). By end of Project a total minimum of K16, 500 (US$3,113) will be
raised in household incomes. Community artisan contracts will also contribute a
total of K930, 800 (US$175,800) to communities thus improving the general
livelihoods, especially for female headed households.
Gender, social,
private sector
Positive High
Improved sanitation in schools and homes provided through the project enhanced
equality between the sexes. During the mission, school authorities reported that has
girls have become equal to boys as they do not have to drop out of school because
of absence of sanitation facilities.
Gender Positive High
Improved household health and hygiene knowledge. At the household level, the
support was provided through hygiene education and sanitation improvement
promotion activities such as Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) accompanied
by gender responsive sanitation marketing encouraging households to construct
improved sanitation facilities.
Health Positive High
WASH Friendly school campaign: Interests of children with Special needs were
highlighted in Localized curriculum. Sanitation facilities specifically designed for
CSN were built for 2 schools, while all other ablution blocks provided for
differently abled.
Social, gender Positive High
7. Lessons learned related to effectiveness
Key issues Lessons learned Target audience
Assessment of
implementation
readiness.
Assessment of project implementation readiness should not only focus on having a
procurement plan for the first year of implementation, but also pay adequate attention to
completing critical preparatory activities such as detailed designs for investments, to allow for
timely commencement and implementation of activities once the loan becomes effective. It is
important that as projects start , there is already ‘shovel ready’ sizeable investments when the
project became effective to be procured.
Bank, RMCs,
Incentives for
project staff
There was high labour turnover on the project and this posed a threat to successful project
completion. Two (2) procurement Specialists, Two (2) Project Accountants and Three (3)
Projects Engineers left the project during implementation. The Mines in the project area offered
better slaries as compared to the utitlity The design of project implementation arrangements
should ensure that staffing policies include incentives that promote the retention of experienced
staff seconded by government or externally sourced who have benefitted from capacity building
opportunities provided through the project. The high turnover of project staff could have been
reduced through a combination of incentives, such as, appropriate competitive compensation
and/or benefits compared to the market, contractual policies to maintain services for a given
period. These could be staff cost made aas Governmnet contribution to the project.
RMCs
Need for
appropriate skills
mix
Projects with significant reforms aiming to improve utility performance should include an
adequate skill mix, including staff with sound institutional reform experience, as well as
Financial Analysts with experience in Water Supply and Sanitation Utility management.
Bank, RMCs
12
C Efficiency
1. Timeliness
Planned project duration – years
(A) (as per PAR) Actual implementation time – years
(B) (from effectiveness for 1st disb.) Ratio of planned and actual
implementation time (A/B)
Rating*
5 6.22 0.80 2
Narrative assessment (indicative max length: 250 words)
In terms of planned to actual implementation time, the project was executed within the 6.22 years with two extensions totalling 1.25
years to the completion date to enable completion of additional works of expansion to the distribution system and installation of 12,000
domestic meters. There was also a delay to complete the major contract, Kitwe Water Works Lot 1A which had a delayed start as it
was retendered due to poor response from bidders in 2012. The poor response was as a result bidders not adequately responding to an
addendum issued by the executing agency, thereby resulting in all but one bidder meeting the requirements. Most of the bidders did
not receive the addendum and the executing agency did not confirm with them whether they had received the addendum
2. Resource use efficiency
Median % physical implementation of RLF
outputs financed by all financiers (A) (see
II.B.3)
Commitment rate (%) (B) (See table 1.C – Total commitment rate of
all financiers)
Ratio of the median percentage
physical implementation and
commitment rate (A/B)
Rating*
100 98.92% 1.01 3
Narrative assessment
The final cost of the project at completion was UA 34,998,407.20, against UA 35,000,000 projected at appraisal of the project. This
shows the project was executed within budget. Procurement in some instances like for Kitwe Water Works Lot1A, took longer than
expected due to retendering the works therefore delaying the timing of project benefits. The Banks commitments were fully utilized.
For its part, GRZ lagged behind to honour its financial commitments with a contribution of UA 3,820,000 million. GRZ disbursed
90% of its commitment and is yet to liquidate the remaining balance.
13
3. Cost benefit analysis
Economic Rate of Return
(at appraisal) (A)
Updated Economic Rate of Return
(at completion) (B)
Ratio of the Economic Rate of Return
at completion and at appraisal (B/A)
Rating*
16.9% (ENPV at 10% $38.36
million)
17.8% (ENPV at 10%, $40.36
million)
1.05 3
Narrative assessment
EIRR and NPV at Project completion are calculated based on the earlier model used in the calculation of the EIRR at the appraisal
stage. The updated economic analysis gives a higher EIRR (17.8%) than the estimates made at the appraisal (16.9%) though marginal.
Sensitivity analysis shows the Project is more sensitive to changes in Non-Revenue Water, Tariffs and water production. For instance,
a 50% change in the rate of reduction of NRW at NPV of 10% gives a relative change in EIRR of 10%, with a high impact than tariff
at 7.7% or production of 4.6%. The project has had a good impact on the residents in the project area. Its projected economic
performance is positive in all scenarios even after making adverse changes in the three key assumptions of Non-Revenue Water, Tariffs
and water production. However, none of such changes have a dramatic impact on the outcome of the NPV and EIRR analysis i.e. the
changes would not bring the NPV of the Project towards or below zero. Given the consistently positive net benefits and EIRR from
the sensitivity analysis, the project has contributed to: (i) Access to reliable water by a total of 704,413 people who previously had
intermittent water supply and therefore faced hazardous health incidents; (ii) Improved sanitation and hygiene behaviour as a result of
sensitization, provision of sanitation facilities in the unplanned settlements of Ipusukilo, Twaiteka and Kamatipa and other public
places (markets, health centres and schools) has leverage huge health benefits for the beneficiaries by significantly reducing the disease
burden (iii) Empowerment of communities and through provision of knowledge and basic skills to get women, men and youths involved
in the household sanitation construction works; and (iv) Promotion of inclusiveness for vulnerable members of beneficiary
communities through provision of latrines (a total of 500) and accessible-friendly latrines for disabled children in the programme
targeted schools.. The implementation processes has for the most part been satisfactory and has for the most part led to the anticipated
results.
4. Implementation Progress (IP)
IP Rating (derived from
updated IPR) *
Narrative comments (commenting specifically on those IP items that were rated Unsatisfactory or Highly
Unsatisfactory, as per last IPR).
3 While the implementation progress was slow at the beginning of the project, there was accelerated progress after the
award of all works contracts in 2012. The implementation of the project for the most part have been satisfactory and
have led to the anticipated results. The project remained complaint with the covenants except on other conditions
related to financial ratios of current ratio which was off target at project close. In terms of financial performance,
counterpart contribution from GRZ was sometimes disbursed late and at project close, GRZ remained with 10% to
disburse on the project. Procurement and financial management remained consistent with Bank systems and
procedures. In terms of budget commitments, the Bank funds were committed at 99.99% and disbursed accordingly.
14
5. Lessons learned related to efficiency
Key issues Lessons learned Target audience
Counterpart funds The counterpart funds should be budgeted for on projects and become available as the
project is being implemented to avoid delays or stoppages to work due to non-payment
of counterpart funds. RMCs should ensure that before the beginning of each financial
year, the counterpart funds are included in work plans and budget based on the
disbursement projections.
RMCs, Bank,
Executing Agencies
Complementing
Water and
Sanitation
interventions with
Hygiene education
and promotion.
In order to optimize benefits from water supply and sanitation interventions, the
interventions must concurrently address water supply, sanitation and hygiene.
Community sensitization on good hygiene practices and against vandalism should be a
continuous process to avoid communities reverting to previous malpractices. This
sensitization should always be adequately provided for in project budgets. This will help
to make the project outputs sustainable. The project provided water points in the public
places and unplanned settlements were the sanitation facilities were provided to maximize
the benefits of WSS.
Bank, RMCs
Make full use of
available
resources.
The project demonstrated its ability to make full use of the resources provided to achieve
the intended outcomes. Robust pre-feasibility studies backed by a detailed scope of works
are pre requisites to successful utilisation of funds for the intended benefits
Bank, RMCs
Use Design and
Build procurement
of large works
To avoind unnecessary delays at project commence and during implementation, the
design and build approach would work well in to avoid addenda being issued late into the
bidding processes as the contractor would be solely responsible for design and any
changes to the design.
BANk, PMCs
D Sustainability
1. Financial sustainability
Rating* Narrative assessment
2 Long term sustainability could be affected if tariff reviews are not done periodically to determine the cost reflectiveness
of providing water and sanitation services. NWSC carried out a tariff and affordability study to assess the need to
increase tariffs to match the cost of its operations. This is now institutionalized and carried out every three years and
serves as a basis for applications of tariff increases to the regulator. In terms of operations and maintenance, systems
and procedures for preventive and routine maintenance have been put in place and NWSC has continued with the
necessary measures for O&M to ensure sustainability of the new/ existing infrastructure and train personnel adequately.
An issue of concern still remains around NRW which has remained high at project completion and has a significant
impact on cost recovery. One of the major reasons is that there is now an accurate measurement of the quanities of
water unaccounted for with more meters in the system installed. The NRW presents a problem for long term
sustainbility if not adequately addressed. The efforts made by the project in replacing of old distribution lines,
strengthening thedetection and prosecution of illegal connections, regularizing of metering, billing and collection
procedures should be continued if the levels of losses are to be reduced. Whatever program is used for the reduction
of the losses it will only produce permanent results if it is accompanied by a real effort to improve the operating
conditions of the company (organization, procedures, human resources, etc) as part of an overall water demand
management strategy.
15
2. Institutional sustainability and strengthening of capacities
Rating* Narrative assessment
3 As a result of the project, institutional capacities both at NWSC, national, local and community levels were
strengthened through training and provision of necessary hardware to facilitate support to sustainability. Through
training staff and stakeholders are better equipped to deal with water and sanitation issues to ensure the continued flow
of benefits associated with the project after completion. Through project support, sector institutions were also
strengthened with the enactment of the Zambia Environmental Management Agency Act of 2011 to adequately deal
with the environmental safeguards. To improve governance, various personnel from local authorities have been trained
on relevant bylaws to effectively deal with vandalism to water and sewerage infrastructure.
3. Ownership and sustainability of partnerships
Rating* Narrative assessment
3 Communities were actively involved from project inception to choosing various technological options for sanitation
facilities and their involvement in constructing facilities in their locations during project implementation. This required
that an enabling environment was created by sensitizing the communities on the importance of and the benefits of
WASH in relation to their wellbeing and providing skills and opportunities to enable them meet the required
contribution criteria. The community took the lead in community level outreach activities using the Neighborhood
Health Committees (NHCs) under the District Health office. The communities were also sensitized on their roles and
responsibility with regards to WASH and impacts on sustainability if these responsibilities were ignored. For example,
to combat vandalism, the community was sensitized on the impacts they would face when WASH or any public facility
is vandalized and the fact that the Project was theirs. A community level steering Committee comprising the NHCs,
Civic leaders, community leaders from Churches, Political parties, Community Based Organization was also
established to engender participation, reduce conflict at community level and ensure they were actively involved in the
managing facilities thereby increasing the sense of ownership.
4. Environmental and social sustainability
Rating* Narrative assessment
3 An Environmental and Social Management Plan and Resettlement Policy Framework was prepared for the project and
monitored and reported on by the project team during implementation. The core ESMP requirements were embedded
in the various works contracts. A Resettlement Action Plan for residents around Mindolo Sewage Oxidation Ponds
was prepared and currently being actioned by Government to deal with the issue of resettlement after it was noted that
residents had encroached around the boundary of the sewage ponds.
16
5. Lessons learned related to sustainability
Key issues Lessons learned Target audience
Program
Sustainability
When financing utilities, program sustainability should be embedded as part of the covenants to
ensure sustainability of outcomes in the long run in relation to the overall commercial viability.
Sustainability of the investments beyond the project’s lifetime will mainly depend on capacity
and performance of the NWSC to manage the services.
RMCs, Bank
Stakeholder
involvement
to engender
ownership
Engage communities from the outset to promote sustainability. Sufficient time should be
allocated to the phase prior to design to ensure that users understand the pros, cons and
maintenance requirements of each system. Building communities’ capacity to select systems
that are adequate for their needs and reflect their capacity to operate and maintain the systems
increases the likelihood of sustainability. In addition, including a community contribution prior
to implementation ensures communities have the capacity to pay for the systems and builds their
commitment to the successful implementation of the works. The project incorporated this lesson
and include early engagement as well as community contribution.
RMCs, Bank
Early
planning of
institutional/a
dministrative
measures will
facilitate early
implementati
on
This was well applied in the case of implementing the component on sanitation and hygiene and
shows how important it is to put in the necessary institutional arrangements from the onset. For
example, the MOU between NWSC and Local authorities to outline roles and responsibilities
for implementing component 2. WSS service sustainability depends on the quality of
infrastructure as well as institutional capacity to operate and maintain the infrastructure. Given
that achieving sustainability is a process that often requires more time than the lifespan of a
project, strengthening the institutional support structure to provide assistance during this
transformational period should be a priority in projects.
RMCS, Bank
Long-term
engagement
to achieve
change.
Bank projects, especially in the case of countries where the sector relies on donor financing, can
inspire transformational change when they maintain sector best practices as top priorities over a
longer period of time. A successful five or six year project can lay the groundwork for positive
institutional change but additional support is usually required to ensure that the Client fully
institutionalizes the good practices
Bank, RMCs
III Performance of stakeholders
1. Bank performance
Rating* Narrative assessment by the Borrower on the Bank’s performance, as well as any other aspects of the project
(both quantitative and qualitative).
3 The Bank performance in regards quality of entry was satisfactory given that the project design was based on pre-
feasibility studies and promoting sustainability, users’ participation and a demand-responsive approach especially
with sanitation interventions. Recommendations shared with the Borrower and the NWSC were taken into account.
Comments to be inserted by the Bank on its own performance (both quantitative and qualitative). See guidance note on
issues to cover
In terms of quality of entry and quality of implementation, the project design was formulated using Bank’s experience with similar
operations in the country and was consistent with the Banks country strategy. The Bank added significant value to the design given
the preparation team’s extensive experience in the urban water supply and sanitation sector and work on similar projects in the
region. The impact and outcome were consistent with the government’s development strategy and Bank core indicators. Over the
six years of implementation, the Bank undertook regular supervision missions, prepared aide-memoires with the client, and produced
the necessary implementation support status reports. The Bank was also actively engaged in the sector dialogue in the sector. The
Bank has maintained a strong sector presence and has been co-chair of the water sector cooperating partners group from 2011. The
decision to extend the project was justified to overcome implementation delays encountered at the beginning of the project and adjust
to the progress of the household sanitation facilities construction and also to utilize savings to extend the water distribution system
and purchase an additional 12,000 domestic meters to enhance revenue collection. Responsibilities were clearly defined for
implementation in Appraisal Document and understood by the Executing Agency, consultants and AfDB supervision teams as well
as stakeholders such as the Local Authorities. The Bank provided active supervision support, closely monitoring progress, enforced
17
the relevant safeguards and adjusted the project as necessary to facilitate effective implementation and in helping resolve some
critical issues and providing guidance.
Key issues (related to Bank performance) Lessons learned
Timely feedback to Borrower There were requests for variations and re-allocations sent to the Bank and these needed to
be dealt with expediously if the project was to be implemented in time. Response time is
critical for project performance and project success
2. Borrower performance
Rating* Narrative assessment on the Borrower performance to be inserted by the Bank (both quantitative and
qualitative, depending on available information). See guidance note.
3 The borrower performance was satisfactory even with the high staff turnover of the project suffered. Because the project
was being implemented within the utility with full participation of various operational units, this permited the executing
agency to fill the vacancies with personnel who were already acquianted with the project activities. The NWSC had a
hands-on supervision of the implementation of project as well as trying to institutionalize sustainability with stakeholders
was key to the project’s satisfactory outcome. NWSC roll out of household sanitation was also impressive. Overall,
NWSC displayed a high level of commitment to achieving project development objectives. During implementation,
NWSC faced minor shortcomings related to procurement with delays in submitting procurement requests. Although these
shortcomings did not hinder the Project from fully achieving its PDO, they slowed implementation and played a role in
the late start to the final project completion date. No major procurement issue was raised during implementation. The
NWSC met all the covenants of the projects save for the current ratio and the debt to equity ratios which remained
challenging until project close. Performance was off target with Debt to Capital Employed Ratio of 76% against 50%.
For the current ratio, performance is also off target with current ratio of 0.71 against a target to be achieved and maintained
of more than 1. NWSC is following up with Government (MLGH & MoF) to conclude the matter of converting old debt
to equity. Quarterly reporting submission was consistent during the life of the program with 22 reports submitted with
the required level of detail. In terms of external audits, the project had complied, as the audits were carried out in
accordance with ToRs approved by the Bank. For the Ministry of Finance, they were not able to keep up with the pace
of payment for contracts on the project and by the end of the project, 10.89% was remaining to be disbursed. (UA
416,308.20). The approval of the tariff increase arising out of the tariff and affordability study done as a result of the
project was an important achievement for NWSC that is now playing a significant role in improving the financial
sustainability of NWSC.
Key issues (related to Borrower
performance) Lessons learned
Competence of key project
staff
The right skills mix and structure of implementing/executing agencies should be put in place before
project start up to ensure adequate project management
Counterpart funds Where Government has agreed to fund a proportion of the projects, adequate funds should be set
aside to ensure that contractors, consultants and suppliers are timely paid and that no arrears
accumulate which could hamper project implementation
Exit Strategy To help project beneficiaries and stakeholders including executing agencies understand and be
prepared for these transitions, the implementing entity and its partners should work with the all
beneficiaries to prepare a plan for transferring responsibilities to the users.
Monitoring and Evaluation There is need for a solid results framework that provides a means to systematically assess
implementation progress and measure outcomes in projects. Monitoring and Evaluation is extremely
critical in ensuring that the coverage and service levels reached are maintained.
18
3. Performance of other stakeholders
Rating* Narrative assessment on the performance of other stakeholders, including co-financiers, contractors and
service providers. See guidance note on issues to cover. (indicative max length: 250 words)
3 The performance of the contractors was satisfactory with the quality of infrastructure produced to a high standard
especially on the Kitwe Water Works. The consultant on the engineering supervision adequately supervised the four
works contracts and was instrumental in achieving the delivery of the outputs. The pace of construction works was
satisfactory although there were delays to the completion of the major construction works on the Kitwe Water Works
to enable additional works to be carried out to add to the objectives of the project. The contractors were response to
client demands
Key issues (related to
performance of other
stakeholders)
Lessons learned Target audience (for lessons learned)
Counterpart
contribution
Where possible, ensure that that Bank funds 100% of the project and Government /
community contribution is costed in kind to avoid delays in implementation
Bank, RMCs
Need for close liasons
and interactions in the
management of
Consultants
Intensive client supervision and liaison is required of engineering consultants to
ensure that client needs and expectations are understood especially on large
infrastructure projects which involve a large number of contracts as was the case with
Nkana.
RMCs
IV Summary of key lessons learned and recommendations
1. Key lessons learned
Key issues Key lessons learned Target
audience
During preparation,
plan to reduce
implementation
risks
This can be done through: (i) do a thorough institutional analysis, that includes a skill gap
analysis with a training plan to enhance and strengthen sector institutions and agencies both in
public and private sector, and (ii) design a simple monitoring system, that covers both
implementation progress as well as outcome monitoring, that establishes baseline values no
later than Appraisal.
Bank, RMCs
Address
community
involvement in
detail during water
and sanitation
project
Both the software and hardware components of ? are critical. However, underinvesting in
software encompassing mobilisation, sensitisation and training of communities can lead to
significantly higher hardware costs and lower project performance as a result of lack of
ownership. We recommend investing in good planning, design, and combined with effective
training, capacity building and institutional development among stakeholders. Clearly, the
insistence of the Bank on the inclusion of the software side especially on sanitation was, and
remains fully justified.
RMCs
19
2. Key recommendations (with particular emphasis on ensuring sustainability of project benefits)
Key issue Key recommendation Responsible Deadline
Cost recovery There is need to critically address the issue of cost recovery as it is
fundmental to financial sustainability, taking into account social
equity and ability of beneficiary communittes to pay for the services
Utilities, GRZ Continuous
Continue strengthening
operations and maintenance
systems
Preventive and routine maintenance should continue to be carried out
to preserve the both the newly created and old assets if service is to
be sustained.
NWSC Continuous
Institutional support for the
structures created to ensure
that they can execute their
mandate especially at local
and community level
After project closure, there is need ensure that structures created and
strengthened during project implementation will have the technical,
infrastructural and human resource support to execute their mandates
to ensure sustainability of project outcomes.
National
agencies
Yearly budget
commitments
High unaccounted for water To sustain outcomes, there is need to critically address UFW by
preparing water demand management plans. NWSC has set a highly
prioritised plan of interventions aimed at improving efficiencies and
increasing the customer base. It targets reduction of UFW to 25% in
the long run, improving billing and collection efficiency, increasing
coverage and lowering the unit cost of production.
NWSC Immediate
V Overall PCR rating
Dimensions and criteria Rating*
DIMENSION A: RELEVANCE 3.5
Relevance of project development objective (II.A.1) 4
Relevance of project design (II.A.2) 3
DIMENSION B: EFFECTIVENESS 3
Development Objective (DO) (II.B.4) 3
DIMENSION C: EFFICIENCY 2.75
Timeliness (II.C.1) 2
Resource use efficiency (II.C.2) 3
Cost-benefit analysis (II.C.3) 3
Implementation Progress (IP) (II.C.4) 3
DIMENSION D: SUSTAINABILITY 2.75
Financial sustainability (II.D.1) 2
Institutional sustainability and strengthening of capacities (II.D.2) 3
Ownership and sustainability of partnerships (II.D.3) 3
Environmental and social sustainability (II.D.4) 3
AVERAGE OF THE DIMENSION RATINGS 3
OVERALL PROJECT COMPLETION RATING S
20
VI Acronyms and abbreviations
Acronym (add rows as
needed)
Full name
ADF African Development Fund
AfDB African Development Bank
CSP Country Strategy Paper
EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return
ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan
GRZ Government of the Republic of Zambia
MLGH Ministry of Local Government and Housing
MOH Ministry of Health
NHCs Neighbourhood Health Committees
NPV Net Present Value
NWSSP Nkana Water and Sewerage Company
NWASCO National Water Supply and Sanitation
PIT Project Implementation Team
RDCs Resident Development Committees
RMCs Regional Member Countries
TOT Training of Trainers
UFW Unaccounted for Water
WASH Water Sanitation and Hygiene
WHO World Health Organisation
I
Annex 1: Achievements on project components
Kitwe Water Works
Nkana East Water Treatment Plant (New Extension 32,000 m³/day)
The New Nkana East Water Treatment Plant was designed as an addition to the already existing 60,000 m³
per day treatment plant in order to increase production for the southern part of Kitwe as well as
supplementing the Northern part through the Kwacha DC. The designed production capacity for the new
plant is 32,000m³/day. The New plant consists of treatment units that include the Splitter Chamber, Dosing
Platform, Mixing Chamber, Flocculation Basin, Sedimentation Basin, Filters and Clear Water Tank. The
500m³ Back Wash Tank was constructed to provide gravity back washing of filters for both new and
existing treatment plant. As a result of the expansion of the treatment plant six additional filters were
constructed. The Chemical house was constructed next to the new treatment plant. This structure replaced
the existing chemical house which became absolute. All chemical mixing shall be done from this structure
then pumped to the splitter chamber for dosing.
A new 2500m³ capacity clear water tank was constructed for the treated water at the new plant. The clear
water tank was commissioned in October 2014
Rehabilitation of Nkana East Treatment Plant (Existing)
Rehabilitation of existing Nkana East Water Treatment Plant included but not limited to the following;
repair and cleaning of clarifiers, installation of penstocks and partialization boxes; rehabilitation of existing
filters valves and pipework in the filters gallery.
Rehabilitation of Nkana East Raw Water Intake
Rehabilitation works comprised of civil works such as painting and general civil repairs which included
construction of pump plinths. A complete set of three (3) new raw water pumps were installed and
commissioned.
Rehabilitation of Bulangililo Intake
The Bulangililo raw water intake pump house was rehabilitated by painting the entire pump house and
pump plinths modified to accommodate four new pump sets which replaced the four existing ailing pumps.
Rehabilitation of 17th Avenue DC
Elevated Reinforced Concrete Tank (1000m³)
Construction of the tank with all accessories including pipework was completed in August 2014 and the
tank has since been commissioned. New manifold and pipework which includes valves and reducers was
installed to cater for various distribution centres which are being fed from 17th Avenue DC such as Ndeke
DC, Wusakile DC, Mindolo DC and elevated tank for town centre distribution and Nkana West network.
This elevated tank is meant to boost pressure in the City Centre, Nkana East and parts of Nkana West. The
tank is 37.5m high and has a capacity of 1000m³.
Rehabilitation of Wusakile DC
A new 750m³ elevated steel tank was erected at Wusakili distribution centre. The tank will boost pressure
to high level areas like Chamboli and the Cemetery. In addition two new pump sets were installed to lift
water to the new tank for distribution by gravity.
II
Rehabilitation of Ndeke DC
Ndeke Elevated Steel Tank (1000m³)
The erection of the elevated steel tank was completed and commissioned. The tank was included at the
Distribution Centre in order to boost pressure in the high level areas of Ndeke and Ndeke Village. The
water from the existing reservoirs shall be pumped into the elevated tank 25m above ground and then by
gravity to supply areas.
Ndeke Pump House
Ndeke pump house was constructed to accommodate new high lift pumps to improve supply to high level
areas of Ndeke Township. The pumps will pump to the new elevated steel tank which will supply by gravity
to consumers.
Rehabilitation of Mindolo DC
Elevated Steel Tank (750 m³)
The tank was constructed to replace the existing arrangement where water was being pumped directly into
the distribution. Water is to be pumped into the steel tank and then supply by gravity to consumers. Three
high lift pumps were installed and commissioned.
Rehabilitation of Kwacha DC Tank
Kwacha DC Tank
The Kwacha distribution tank which was in bad condition was extensively rehabilitated by chipping
through the tank concrete and removing the old pre-stressed bars and shotcrete. The new pre-stressed bars
have been inserted and the tank was successfully commissioned after extensive tests.
Mindolo and Ndeke Sewage Ponds
The Mindolo and Ndeke ponds were rehabilitated as per scope of works. Each pond received a facelift by
mainly desludging the ponds, reinstating the embankment and sealing seepages, constructing modified
inlets and outlets, reinstating the bed of the ponds using imported material as necessary. Both Mindolo and
Ndeke ponds were fenced off by construction of boundary wall fences to prevent squatters from spilling
over the sewage ponds area which was already visible at Mindolo ponds. As for the Ndeke ponds, the
boundary wall also prevents crocodiles from accessing the enclosed area.
Kalulushi Water and Sewerage Works
Mwambashi
At Mwambashi Raw water intake, all works are complete. The site which is approximately 10km away
from the water treatment plant had to have power extended from 7 Shaft. The works also include restoration
of the breached weir, new raw water intake, pump house with three (3) high lift pumps with motor control
centre and two semi-detached houses for four (4) families.
Pipe laying of the 9.8 km DN 400 steel raw water pipeline is complete and all fittings were installed.
III
7 Shaft Water Treatment Plant.
The WTP was initially constructed in the late 1990 when the GRZ owned and operated the mines but was
never commissioned. As a result, most of the facilities installed were vandalised and rusted due to lack of
operation. The objective of the project was therefore to optimise the existing infrastructure where necessary
by rehabilitating the plant and bringing it into operation. Additional structures were built arising out of
need. It is now functional except for the absence of continuous supply of raw water owing to pollution
issues. The design capacity of the plant is about 13,500 m³/day.
Treated Water Main
3,240 m of DN 400 epoxy coated steel treated water pipes were laid between the water treatment plant
and MITs distribution centre.
MITs Distribution Centre (DC)
MITs distribution centre is the main storage centre for water for Kalulushi Township. The centre has two
sources of water i.e. 7 Shaft new water treatment plant and Kwacha distribution centre in Kitwe. A new
pump house was constructed to house new pumps for boosting water from the 11,500m³ ground reservoir
to two elevated 340m³ reservoirs.
From this distribution centre, water is distributed to Kalulushi, Chibuluma and Chibote.
Water Distribution and Pipework
A summarized schedule of uPVC pipes laid in the water distribution network is shown in the table below.
This was done in a bid to reinforce the distribution network and expand the network to areas of Chibuluma
and Chibote where a dedicated DN 315 uPVC line has been installed with eight air valves and four wash
out valves. 3,053 No. domestic water meters were installed out of 4,800 procured as per BOQ. The
remaining meters were handed over to the project .
All newly laid pipes were sterilized and flushed before being charged.
Sewer Pipework and Associated Works
Pipe replacement on the DN 400 AC sewer trunk mains to the oxidation ponds is complete. On Hindu hall
sewer trunk, over fifty manholes were reconstructed and raised above ground as most were below ground
and were admitting runoff water during storms. A substantial amount of manhole top slabs have also been
replaced as most of the slabs were missing.
9,179 m of the sewer network has been installed out of 8,298 m. The increased quantity is a result of
additional requirements financed through VO No. 2.
Sewage Oxidation Ponds
The ponds in Kalulushi are in sets of three and are nine altogether, the first is the primary largely responsible
for removing biomass from the sewage and then the secondary and tertiary responsible for removal of
pathogens and final polishing of the effluent. All the nine ponds were rehabilitated by restoring the
embankments and rearranging the inlet and outlet channels to enhance efficiency. The pond outlet has been
provided with a flume for flow measuring. An operator’s shelter has also been constructed at the ponds to
accommodate operators who maintain the ponds. These ponds have capacity to treat 9,120m³/day. The
recent results from the quality assurance team confirmed that the quality of effluent is in the region of
25mg/l of BOD5 which is within the acceptable limits of the regulator.
IV
Sewer Lift Pump Station No. 1
The pump house at this station was so dilapidated that a new one had to be built. The new building houses
two new pumps one duty and one standby in a dry well, drawing sewage from an adjacent wet well. There
is an adjacent operator’s room and ablution facility. The old plant is decommissioned. A new inlet structure
has been built incorporating a grit chamber. The premises were provided with security lighting, fenced with
one (1) access gate.
Sewer Lift Pump Station No. 2
The building has been refurbished with the two old pumps replaced. The existing wet well outside the
building was also desludged along with the grit channel leading to it and the manhole chamber before. A
watering well has also been developed between the pump house and the wet well for gardening. Fencing of
the pump station has been done with an access gate installed. Security lights have also been installed at the
facility to enhance security.
Chambishi Water and Sewerage Works
Water Treatment Plant
The water treatment plant at Chambishi employs both the slow sand filters and a small unit of rapid gravity
filters. Both systems have gone under rehabilitation. Nozzles and filter media were procured and installed
in the rapid gravity filters while the slow sand filters had cracks mended on the walls and one out of the
three units had sand replaced. New air blowers were installed to replace the old units and the equipment
was tested and commissioned. The new high lift pumps were supplied installed and commissioned and are
performing satisfactorily. The new chemical dosing system for aluminum sulphate, gas chlorine and lime
has also been commissioned and is operational. Modifications were carried out to the mechanical clarifier
to operate like a hopper bottomed non-mechanical up-flow clarifier. Control valves of various sizes were
replaced around the plant and a bulk meter installed on the rising main to measure production. Fencing
around the perimeter of the water treatment plant has also been installed with an access gate. Lighting has
also been improved by installation of security lights at the premises.
Restoration works were also carried out on the existing pump house, chemical building and old
administration block while a new office was built to serve as a cash office since the Client was still
operating from a rented office at the Council Offices.
Treated Water Main
A severely leaking section near the Civic Centre was replaced with epoxy coated steel pipes reducing non-
revenue water substantially. The total distance installed is shown in the table below.
Water Distribution Centre
The distribution centre consists of two reservoirs, one ground and the other elevated. The ground tank feeds
the elevated tank. Both reservoirs were rehabilitated with pipe work rearranged, old valves replaced, level
gauge indicators and bulk meters installed. The pump house building was given a facelift with ablution
facilities and pumps and panel replaced. Fencing is also complete with an access gate. Security was
enhanced by installation of security lights on the fence peripheral.
V
Water Distribution System
9,699.6 m of pipe work in the distribution network was laid out of 8,485 m provided for under the budget.
Pressure in the network has improved significantly and longer supply hours were recorded ranging from
6 to 20 hrs. Pipes installed include network extension to Kankoyo extension and Zambia compound. In
addition 3 fire hydrants and various network valves were installed. All newly laid pipes were tested,
sterilized and flushed before being charged.
Marker posts have also been installed along the line showing location of pipes and fittings.
The Contractor has also installed 1410 No. domestic water meters of various sizes.
Sewer Pipework and Associated Works
Chambishi has two major trunk mains conveying sewer to the oxidation ponds. The pipe diameters for the
two trunks are DN 600 and DN 250. Over two kilometres of the two trunks were replaced under the project
targeting the most affected areas. Manholes and covers were also replaced in the process.
Chambishi Oxidation Ponds
Works at the oxidation ponds included desludging of all the three ponds. At the inlet works, screens were
installed to remove floating objects from the effluent and the outlet was provided with a V-notch for flow
measurement. It has however been observed that since the Contractor withdrew his staff from the ponds
upon inspection and handover, the inlet channel is not being desludged and the ponds and surrounding are
often overgrown with weeds. The operator’s building was constructed and handed over for use by pond
attendants.
Public Sanitation
During project planning it was recognized that there was an urgent need to improve sanitation not just at
household level but also in public places especially health centres, schools and public places. These places
being gathering points for large groups of people were bound to have a big adverse impact on the public
health of any community if the sanitation there was poor. It was also recognised that poor sanitation in
schools was the main cause of poor school attendance by the girl child.
A a provision was made under the Nkana Water Supply and Sanitation project (NWSSP) to improve
sanitation in public places by construction of public sanitation The public sanitation facilities to be
constructed were designed to render infrastructural support to the sanitation and hygiene promotion and
education implemented under the NWSSP.
To facilitate smooth implementation of Component III activities a component coordinating team
comprising officials from the following organisations;
i. Nkana Water and Sewerage Company
ii. Local Authorities in the project area (KCC and KMC)
iii. District Health Management Boards Kitwe and Kalulushi
iv. District Education Boards Kitwe and Kalulushi
The component coordinating team was responsible for providing approved designs for the facilities to be
constructed and was also instrumental in the component III training and sensitization activities.
Due to the extensive area coverage of the project the works were divided into 3 lots for bidding as
follows;
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i. Lot 1: Construction of sanitation facilities in public places and health centres in Kitwe
ii. Lot 2: Construction of sanitation facilities in schools in Kitwe
iii. Lot 3: Construction of sanitation facilities in public places, health centres and schools in Kalulushi
In total, 35 sanitation and water supply facilities were constructed at 30 public places. The facilities
constructed included;
Ablution blocks
Incinerators
Double VIPs
Boreholes with hand pump
VII
Annex 2: Household Sanitation
Sanitation promotion at household levels was at two levels:
A. Conventional Low Cost Sanitation Upgrade in Buchi Kamitondo
1990 water borne household sanitation facilities were built in Buchi and Kamitondo and the sewerage
system laid. To engender ownership, the households were required to contribute K500. The K500 was
paid either once or in installments. The community was also required to demolish old pit latrines. At
time of final assessment of the project community contribution stood at 51%, while demolition of old
sanitation facilities stood at 62%.
The Buchi sanitation model was also adopted as Best practice for Serving Low Income Communities
under the Copperbelt Water Operators Partnership project funded by European Union.
B. Onsite Household Sanitation in Peri urban areas
The community’s preferred option was the Ventilated Improved Pit Latrines which were then promoted in
the 3 peri urban areas of Twaiteka, Ipusukilo and Kamatipa. To address the concerns on collapsing of pits
and inadequate space, the VIP design has strong lining and a pit emptying facility. More than 200 community
artisans were trained to construct the latrines and encouraged to form community enterprises. The
Community enterprises were then engaged as contractors.
Three onsite sanitation options were promoted, namely: Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine, Ecosan and Pour
Flush. Prior to the commencement of works, massive sensitization activities were done and the community
educated on the characteristic of each model unit including convenience, ease of maintenance and
cleanliness, cost of construction, maintenance details and any limitations due to environmental constraints
were clearly elaborated for the intended users. The households were then encouraged to put up own sanitation
facilities depending on their preference. A criterion for identifying the poor households which needed to be
supported under the programme and the level of such assistance towards meeting the cost of the on-site
sanitation facilities was also developed.
The Project adopted a demand responsive approach with households meeting the contribution criterion being
the selected beneficiary on first come first serve basis. The contribution criteria and selection method was
agreed with the community and provided 10% of the sanitation facilities for the most vulnerable households
identified by the communities themselves. To ensure equity, the contribution criteria involved materials and
tasks that could be made or done by households using locally available materials, namely: providing 250
burnt blocks, digging of latrine and solid waste pits, and providing two (2) loads of sand, two (2) loads of
Left: Old sanitation facilities Right: New sanitation facilities
VIII
stones, provision of hand washing post and disk rack. The Project incentive included 5 bags of cement, 250
concrete blocks, 2 roofing sheets, door frame and door, san plate and labour for the construction of latrine.
Table 1.3: Household sanitation progress
Support to Solid Waste Management
Support was also provided through Kitwe City Council (KCC) and Kalulushi Municipal Council (KMC) for
solid waste management. Solid waste management equipment (3 tipper trucks and 1 refuse compactor) was
provided under a separate supply contract under the project to assist with the collection and disposal of solid
waste. In turn the promotion and education of sanitation and hygiene also covered solid waste management
at household level, in order to prepare the customers to collaborate with the garbage collection body.
The project also supported solid waste management by way of funding the Environmental Impact
Assessment, strengthening of legal enforcement of solid waste management and formation and registration
of 06 solid waste collection Community Based Enterprises.
Cleaning of dambos
As part of promoting a cleaner environment and malaria control, support for clearing of dambos was
undertaken in Kitwe, Kalulushi and Chambishi. The sub project included the unblocking and clearing of
22 dambos, thus contributing to the malaria control efforts in the two districts. The Project also provided
training for the operators and labourers and logistics. The Project also procured equipment, protective
clothing.
BENEFITS AND IMPACTS COMPONENT 3 ACTIVITIES
Access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is fundamental to improving the livelihoods and well-
being of communities, especially the poor. Clean water and adequate sanitation lead to improvements in
health, school attendance, productivity, and entrepreneurship. On the overall, the Component activities
positively impacted on the living standards of the people and served to promote improved health through
Level of Progress
June-2015
Twaiteka Ipusukilo Kamatipa Total
HH Respondents to contribution criteria
(excluding vulnerable HH) 679 592 575 1,846
Toilets completed( inclusive vulnerable
households) 561 551 542 1,654
Vulnerable HH with full subsidy 57 51 52 160
% HH reached on overall HH 15 6.9 7.6 9.8
Female HH beneficiaries % 45 48 43 43.3
Overall % completion against target of
1503 112.2 110.2 108.4 110
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the reduction of waterborne diseases. This provided the community, especially the women and children to
engage in other productive activities. The project impacts could be summarized by the Final Impact
Assessment results which associated with lower risk of diarrhoea, malaria and HIV/Aids which was at 42%.
36 % indicated that the project has positively impacted them through improved livelihood while 12%
indicated that it has improved privacy.
a. Reduction in disease burden
The promotion of sanitation facilities and the supporting hygiene promotion and education done under
component III of the NWSSP has helped to reduce open defecation with its associated health risks. This
has in turn led to the reduction in incidence of diarrhoeal diseases in the recipient communities. Key
successes of the programme, include the control of cholera and typhoid in Kitwe since 2011.
b. Improved awareness and dignity
Construction of the sanitation facilities has also lead to improved awareness and dignity in the community.
The women and elderly have been provided the privacy they need. Awareness levels have also been
enhanced as more people informed on the sanitation options they could choose from. Demand
responsiveness is also high with more households constructing or improving their toilets using the
established pool of skilled artisans.
c. Improved access to sanitation for all
The sanitation facilities designs are enclosure an thus are accessible for all, including the elderly and the physically
challenged.
d. Improved livelihoods
The various sub project undertaken under the Component provided various opportunities for employment or small
business. This provided the community income which they have used to improve their lives either by starting a
business, building houses and sending children to school.
e. Improvement of school attendance by the girl child
Provision of improved and adequate sanitation in recipient schools has led to the improvement of school
attendance by the girl child.
Left: commonly used sanitation facilities. Center: Project built VIP Right: Beneficiary Improved toilet, Ipusukilo
X
f. Capacity building
The Component also provided opportunities for skills training for both CCT staff and the community. It also
provided support in form of operational tools and equipment, making it easier to implement the WASH activities,
during the Project and beyond. The training and skills development for the community particularly contributes
to rolling out the sanitation roll out beyond the Project. Capacity building also included strengthening of the legal
enforcement of the Public Health Act.
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Annex 3: Desegregated data for school beneficiaries S/N NAME OF SCHOOL TYPE OF
FACILITY
District PREVIOUS
ENROLLMENT
CURRENT
ENROLLMENT
TOTAL NO OF
TEACHERS
COMMENTS
GIRLS BOYS GIRLS BOYS MEN WOME
N
STATUS USAGE
1 Buyantashi Primary School 1x2VIP Kalulushi 257 284 257 284 03 09 Good In use
2 Kameme Primary School 1x2 VIP Kalulushi 59 65 64 71 03 04 Good In use
3 Luela Primary School
Chambeshi
1x2 VIP Kalulushi 202 241 262 265 05 13 Good In use
4 Misenga Primary School 1x2 VIP Kitwe 222 200 243 225 03 09 Good Ii use
5 Kapoto Primary School Ablution Block Kitwe 974 889 923 956 03 28 Good In use
6 Temweni Primary School Ablution Block Kitwe 51 50 73 65 07 13 V. Good In use, School recently
opened
7 Kamfinsa Mission 1x2 VIP Kitwe 313 308 330 323 01 06 Good In use
8 Mwekera Primary School Ablution Block Kitwe 325 347 335 362 12 16 Good In use
9 Mwansa Primary School 1x2 VIP Kitwe 209 228 240 232 02 13 Good In use
10 Miombo Primary School VIP Kitwe Good School still under
construction
11 Johnken Primary school 1x2 VIP Kitwe Good School still under
construction
12 Kankoshi Sec School Ablution Block Kalulushi 616 616 559 598 12 39 Excellent In use .