project area? Why this Árboles en un radio de 500 metros...
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We determined the functional biodiversity in a significant area of the agricultural landscape of the municipality of Altea. Four parameters are evaluated in the group of selected plots: sustainability of the crop, biodiversity of trees and cover crops, the crop connectivity, and the structural diversity of the crop. The results show that the agrarian typology studied forms a diversified area, well connected to the landscape and to the ecological infrastructures present. It is concluded that the study area has a median level of biodiversity. Even so, the low diversification of crops, their compromised sustainability, and the lack of a diversified arboreal structure alternative to the crop, fail to provide an optimal habitat for the beneficial fauna. Correcting these aspects could improve the diversity of pest natural enemies, thus allowing to progress in a strategy of eliminating the use of pesticides in the area. Structural diversity of orchard Connectivity of orchard with landscape . Practical information Results Sustainability of orchard Biodiversity of trees and cover crop Do the crop has connectivity? The plot is well connected with the landscape and with the other green infrastructures. Is there a structural diversity on the fields? The diversity of the structures of the crop is low. The plot almost does not provide habitat for wildlife. Is advisable to increase the diversity of trees and ground cover. Is the sustainability of the crop guaranteed? The sustainability of the plots is not assured. Young healthy trees are lacking. If not planted saplings growing at the end disappear. Do we have biodiversity in the cover crop? Intermediate Biodiversity. The plants and animals found indicate a diversified crop area. However, the structures of the trees do not provide suitable habitat for birds that nest in them or insects that colonize decaying wooden structures. Moss density is probably low. Several rare animal species, typical of fruit crops, probably will be installed only if the ecological quality improvement trees. Relation between young trees not yet in full production (green), full production trees (orange) and old trees beyond full production age (brown) A municipal initiative was established to reduce the risk of pesticides used to control the main pests of citrus, using a more respectful strategy for the environment, which lead to apply an evaluation of the functional biodiversity in a significant agricultural area of Altea. The quality of the present ecological infrastructures is analyzed, following the methodology of the O.I.L.B (Ecological Infrastructures. Ideabook on Functional Biodiversity at the Farm Level). The landscape that we are looking at is an agricultural framework - predominantly consisting of citrus - spotted with urban areas of low density as a consequence of the tourism pressure that has suffered the coastal Mediterranean Spain over the last decades. Do the crop has connectivity? Is there a structural diversity on the fields? Is the sustainability of the crop guaranteed? Do we have the necessary biodiversity in trees and cover crop? The capacity of the territory to permit the movement of organisms constitutes a very important feature for the species. For the evaluation of this factor we take into account the amount and type of existing trees in the area, the presence of diversified vegetation and the type of territory and orientation. The applied methodology to assess functional biodiversity of the territory through the study of ecological infrastructures has been the one established by the IOBC and reflected in the book Ecological Infrastructures. Ideabook on Functional Biodiversity at the Farm Level. This methodology is based on the answer to the following questions: The preservation and productive capacity of the agricultural system is important to assure the future of the cultivation. In this case, the existing age of the represented trees was evaluated plus the level of production. The structural diversity implies a greater capacity to shelter a higher variety of plants and animal species, hence, to improve the internal biodiversity of the cultivation. The quantity of trees on the fields was taken into account, as well as its age of production, physiological state and the structural types appearing. A larger variety of trees, as a larger variety of cover crops, favors a greater diversity of auxiliary fauna. The biodiversity favors the formation of new habitats of high quality and the stability. The quality of habitats, as well as the importance of the vegetative cover., are evaluated indirectly . How many additional trees appear within a radius of 500 m around the cultivated species? In what distance occur large trees that are isolated from the rest and/or humid areas? In what distance (metres) occur embankments, wild flowers or fallow fields ? In what distance (metres) occur a well structured forest margin or a hedge? 6% 6% 88% 6% 6% 88% 24% 76% Entre 50 - 100 metros 12% 12% 76% Más de 200 12% 12% 76% Trees in full production Young trees “not yet in full production” Replanting for the correction of deficiency in the patron of the distribution How many trees are in the orchard? What kind of structures occur in the plot? Trails, vegetable plots, stone walls, etc. What is the distribution pattern of trees within the orchard? How many fruits species occur in the plot? 17% 18% 65% 20 - 99 árboles 100 - 300 árboles Más de 300 árboles 94% 6% 88% 12% 6% 65% 29% What colour has the meadow? Which animal has been observed in the meadow area? How dense grow the plants in the meadow? 41% 59% 41% 59% 6% 94% Although colored flowers do not form a complete cover crop in the field, there are isolated areas with flowers inside the orchard. 0 100 0 100 0 100 Typical landscape of Altea Terrasit. GVA Project area: 23,57 has Number of plots: 19 Average plot size: 1,30 has Proximity to the urban area and to aquifers or waterways Why this project area? CONCLUSIONS Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Evaluation of ecological infrastructures in the conservation and management of natural enemies as an alternative to pesticide use in the agricultural landscape of the Altea municipality (eastern Spain) Laborda R. 1 , Bertomeu S. 1 , Xamani P. 1 , Sanchez A. 1 , Tarazona S. 1 , Ibáñez J.M. 2 , García A. 1 and Garcia-Mari F. 1 1 Universitat Politècnica de València; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia (SPAIN) [email protected] https://croprotection.webs.upv.es 2 Departamento de Agraria. CIPFP. Cheste. GV Some cases observed < 20 > 50 20 - 50 50 - 100 < 50 > 100 < 50 50 - 100 > 200 < 50 50 - 200 Full production Young trees Green, few flowers 20 - 99 > 300 100 - 300 Well distributed Gaps existed 1 - 2 > 5 3 - 5 0 > 2 types 1 – 2 types Green, low range of colors Spots of bare soil Multi-coloured plant community Dominate full production Very dense Beetles, ants Caterpillars, butterflies Grasshoppers Cicadas IOBC/WPRS Working Group on Integrated Control in Citrus Fruit Crops Adana, Turkey 7-9 May 2013.
Transcript of project area? Why this Árboles en un radio de 500 metros...
We determined the functional biodiversity in a significant area of the agricultural landscape of the municipality of Altea. Four parameters are evaluated in the group of selected plots: sustainability of the crop, biodiversity of trees and cover crops, the crop connectivity, and the structural diversity of the crop. The results show that the agrarian typology studied forms a diversified area, well connected to the landscape and to the ecological infrastructures present. It is concluded that the study area has a median level of biodiversity. Even so, the low diversification of crops, their compromised sustainability, and the lack of a diversified arboreal structure alternative to the crop, fail to provide an optimal habitat for the beneficial fauna. Correcting these aspects could improve the diversity of pest natural enemies, thus allowing to progress in a strategy of eliminating the use of pesticides in the area.
Structural diversity of orchard
Connectivity of orchard with landscape
.
Practical information
Results
Sustainability of orchard
Biodiversity of trees and cover crop
Do the crop has connectivity?
The plot is well connected with the landscape and with the other green infrastructures.
Is there a structural diversity on the fields?
The diversity of the structures of the crop is low. The plot almost does not provide habitat for
wildlife. Is advisable to increase the diversity of trees and ground cover.
Is the sustainability of the crop guaranteed?
The sustainability of the plots is not assured. Young healthy trees are lacking. If not planted saplings
growing at the end disappear.
Do we have biodiversity in the cover crop?
Intermediate Biodiversity. The plants and animals found indicate a diversified crop area. However, the structures of the trees do not provide suitable habitat for birds that nest in them or insects that colonize decaying wooden structures. Moss density is probably low. Several rare animal species, typical of fruit crops, probably will be installed only if the ecological quality improvement trees.
Relation between young trees not yet in full production (green), full production trees (orange) and old trees beyond full production age (brown)
A municipal initiative was established to reduce the risk of pesticides used to control the main pests of citrus, using a more respectful strategy for the environment, which lead to apply an evaluation of the functional biodiversity in a significant agricultural area of Altea. The quality of the present ecological infrastructures is analyzed, following the methodology of the O.I.L.B (Ecological Infrastructures. Ideabook on Functional Biodiversity at the Farm Level). The landscape that we are looking at is an agricultural framework - predominantly consisting of citrus - spotted with urban areas of low density as a consequence of the tourism pressure that has suffered the coastal Mediterranean Spain over the last decades.
Do the crop has connectivity?
Is there a structural diversity on the fields?
Is the sustainability of the crop guaranteed?
Do we have the necessary biodiversity in trees and cover crop?
The capacity of the territory to permit the movement of organisms constitutes a very important feature for the species. For the evaluation of this factor we take into account the amount and type of existing trees in the area, the presence of diversified vegetation and the type of territory and orientation.
The applied methodology to assess functional biodiversity of the territory through the study of ecological infrastructures has been the one established by the IOBC and reflected in the book Ecological Infrastructures. Ideabook on Functional Biodiversity at the Farm Level. This methodology is based on the answer to the following questions:
The preservation and productive capacity of the agricultural system is important to assure the future of the cultivation. In this case, the existing age of the represented trees was evaluated plus the level of production.
The structural diversity implies a greater capacity to shelter a higher variety of plants and animal species, hence, to improve the internal biodiversity of the cultivation. The quantity of trees on the fields was taken into account, as well as its age of production, physiological state and the structural types appearing.
A larger variety of trees, as a larger variety of cover crops, favors a greater diversity of auxiliary fauna. The biodiversity favors the formation of new habitats of high quality and the stability. The quality of habitats, as well as the importance of the vegetative cover., are evaluated indirectly .
How many additional trees appear within a radius of 500 m around the cultivated species?
In what distance occur large trees that are isolated from the rest and/or humid areas?
In what distance (metres) occur embankments, wild flowers or fallow fields ?
In what distance (metres) occur a well structured forest margin or a hedge?
6%6%
88%
Árboles en un radio de 500 metros
Menos 20 arboles 20 - 50 árboles Más de 50 árboles
6% 6%
88%
Hábitat natural
Más de 100 metros Entre 50 - 100 metros Menos de 50 metros
24%
76%
Ruderales
Entre 50 - 100 metros Menos de 50 metros
12%
12%
76%
BosqueMás de 200 Entre 50 - 200 metros Menos de 50 metros
12%
12%
76%
Sostenibilidad del cultivoProducción completa Árboles jovenes Domina la producción completa
Trees in full production Young trees “not yet in full production”
Replanting for the correction of deficiency in the patron of the
distribution
How many trees are in the orchard?
What kind of structures occur in the plot? Trails, vegetable plots, stone walls, etc.
What is the distribution pattern of trees within the orchard?
How many fruits species occur in the plot?
17%
18%65%
Numero de árboles
20 - 99 árboles 100 - 300 árboles Más de 300 árboles
94%
6%
Especies
1 - 2 especies 3 - 5 especies Más de 5 especies
88%
12%
DistribuciónBien distribuidos Existen fallos
6%
65%
29%
Título del gráficoNinguna 1 - 2 tipos de estructuras Más de dos tipos de estructuras
What colour has the meadow?
Which animal has been observed in the meadow area?
How dense grow the plants in the meadow?
41%
59%
Color
Verde, pocas flores Verde, baja gama colores
Comunidad plantas multicolor
41%
59%
DensidadMuy densa Huecos o suelo desnudo
6%
94%
AnimalesEscarabajos, hormigas Saltamontes
Gusanos, mariposas Cigarras
Although colored flowers do not form a complete cover crop in the field, there are isolated areas with flowers inside the orchard.
0
100
cP P fP
0
100
cP P fP
0
100
cP P fP
Typical landscape of Altea Terrasit. GVA
Project area: 23,57 has Number of plots: 19
Average plot size: 1,30 has
Proximity to the urban area and to aquifers or waterways
Why this
project area?
CONCLUSIONS
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3
Evaluation of ecological infrastructures in the conservation and management
of natural enemies as an alternative to pesticide use in the agricultural
landscape of the Altea municipality (eastern Spain) Laborda R.1, Bertomeu S.1 , Xamani P. 1 , Sanchez A.1, Tarazona S.1 , Ibáñez J.M.2, García A.1 and Garcia-Mari F.1
1 Universitat Politècnica de València; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia (SPAIN) [email protected] https://croprotection.webs.upv.es 2 Departamento de Agraria. CIPFP. Cheste. GV
Some cases observed
< 20 > 50 20 - 50 50 - 100 < 50
> 100 < 50 50 - 100 > 200 < 50 50 - 200
Full production Young trees
Green, few flowers
20 - 99 > 300 100 - 300 Well distributed Gaps existed
1 - 2 > 5 3 - 5 0 > 2 types 1 – 2 types
Green, low range of colors Spots of bare soil
Multi-coloured plant community
Dominate full production
Very dense
Beetles, ants
Caterpillars, butterflies
Grasshoppers
Cicadas
IOBC/WPRS Working Group on Integrated Control in Citrus Fruit Crops Adana, Turkey 7-9 May 2013.
