Progressivism Political and Eco changes Unit 7.2.
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Transcript of Progressivism Political and Eco changes Unit 7.2.
Progressivism Political and Eco changesUnit 7.2
Democratic Reforms- Many of the reforms were to try to curb the power of the
Political machines and give the more of a voice.- Direct Primary – people, not machines choose
their party’s candidates.- Secret Ballots (Australian ballot)- 17th Amendment – direction of U.S. Senators
instead of the state legislatures choosing them
More Direct ChangesInitiative – people can propose law
(petition)Referendum – people can vote on
a lawRecall – people can vote to
remove an elected official before term expires
Government Efficiency The Progressive Era was a change in attitude where many
started to believe government needed to get involved or try to “fix” society’s problems
City Manager – someone outside of elected office to deal with day-to-day issues◦ Sanitation, fire issues◦ Tom Johnson of Cleveland
Robert LaFollette and the Wisconsin Experiment◦ Progressive reforms as Governor and Senator
Tax Changes Before 1900, main source of revenue for Federal
Government was Tariffs (custom duties) President Taft called for Tariff Reform, but most it came
under President Wilson
Underwood Tariff lowered tariffs16th Amendment allowed for
income tax Originally proposed by Populist
What meant by a graduated income tax? Is that fair?
Trust-bustingTeddy Roosevelt got the reputation as the
Trustbuster, but Taft actually broke apart many more.
Northern Securities Company (1902) breakup◦ Controlled by J.P. Morgan who does not like T.R.
Roosevelt was more of a Trust regulator than buster
Taft would go after 4 times as many, and Wilson even more◦ Louis Brandeis would support Wilson on the Supreme Court
Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914) – built upon the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, but with more enforcement
Business RegulationElkins Act (1903) and Hepburn Act
(1906) increased the power of the Interstate Commerce Commission over railroads.
Federal Trade Commission established in 1914
Don’t forget Pure Food and Drug Act 1906, Meat Inspection Act 1906, and the Keating-Owen Act 1916
Federal Reserve Act passed in 1913 created the Federal Reserve which is basically the _____.
Conservation and Controversy
Teddy Roosevelt set aside more land than any other President (until Clinton)
His advisors had different goals:◦ John Muir (founder of Sierra Club) –
Preservation◦ Gifford Pinchot (US Forest Service) –
Conservation◦ What’s the difference and who did T.R. side
with?
Teddy 2nd TermSquare Deal
◦ Roosevelt wanted to expand on Progressive measures
◦ 1st President to arbitrate a labor dispute
◦Limited because of economic downturn in the Panic of 1907 Had to ask JP Morgan for help (no B.U.S.)
and agreed to not bust up his U.S. Steel company.
1908 Election and TaftRoosevelt had said he would not run again
and regretted that promise later. He hand-picked Taft to succeed him.
Taft easily beat William Jennings Bryan in 1908Taft’s administration:
◦ More trust-busting (even U.S. Steel)◦ Payne-Aldrich Tariff. Taft had promised to cut tariff,
but then conservative Republicans in Congress raised taxes and Taft signed it.
◦ Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy – popular Pinchot was fired after criticizing Sec. of Interior Richard Ballinger
Republican SplitThe tariff issue and Pinchot-Ballinger split the
Republicans into two groups:Conservatives – supported Taft and business-
mindedProgressives – hoped that TR would return to
led them
More Radical Groups
Socialist PartyLed by Eugene
Debs◦ Ran for President
5 times◦ Outspoken critic
of business
IWW – International Workers of the World
“Wobblies” led by Bill Heywood◦ Fought for more labor
rightsWhy would these
groups fade after 1920?
New NationalismRoosevelt returned with his New
Nationalism plan in 1912◦ Progressive wing liked it, but Conservatives
thought it was too radical.At the Republican Convention the party
split. Taft became the nominee.Roosevelt and the Progressive started the
Progressive Party (Bull-Moose)
Election of 19124 Major Candidates
◦Rep – Taft◦Dem – Woodrow Wilson◦Pro – Roosevelt◦Soc – Debs
Wilson Progressive ProgramFederal Reserve establishedFederal Trade Commission establishedTariff Reduction (Underwood Tariff)Clayton Anti-Trust ActLouis Brandeis nominated to Supreme
Court
In what way was Wilson not Progressive?What stopped the Progressive movement?
Reflection QuestionsHow did Theodore Roosevelt set the
stage for the rest of the 1900s with government regulation of businesses?
How can you support the statement that the Progressive Party was the most influential party in US History? How could you say the Populist was?
In what ways did citizens get more of a say in the running of their government in the Progressive Era?
What are some of the lasting effects of the Progressive Era?
Linkshttp://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=cp3Qt7s7z5E&feature=relmfu – Review video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZ4XcmC3iGo&feature=relmfu – Review video, presidents
http://www.wfsd.k12.ny.us/webquests/progressive2007_files/Page651.htm - Progressive Era Cartoons Webquest
http://ehistory.osu.edu/osu/mmh/USCartoons/content/GAPECartoons.cfm - gilded and progressive age cartoons