PROGRESSIVE POLITICIANSREFORMING GOVERNMENTROOSEVELT AND THE SQUARE DEALREFORM UNDER TAFTWILSON’S NEW FREEDOM

BELL RINGER – OUTLINE OF A PROGRESSIVE POLITICIANList the characteristics, platform, values and examples of a progressive politician on the sheet that you have been given.

OBJECTIVESSummarize the reforms that were enacted to make U.S. voting procedures more democratic.Describe how reformers sought to improve city governments.Discuss the goals of progressive state leaders.

GOVERNMENT CORRUPTION• Political machines help out special interest groups• Similar to the idea of lobbying

ELECTION REFORMS“Give the government back to the people.”Break the power of political bosses through:

• Direct primaries• Seventeenth Amendment• Create a secret ballot

Election Reform• Initiative• Referendum• Recall

REFORMING CITY GOVERNMENT• Success comes from enthusiastic local leaders

• Samuel M. Jones• Tom Johnson

• People fear change giving poor too much power• Cities are run like a business with city managers

REFORMING STATE GOVERNMENTRobert M. LaFollette creates the Wisconsin Idea

• Need for a direct primary, increase taxes• Inspiration to other leaders

ASSIGNMENTGo to pg. 299 in your text and complete questions (2-7).Anything that is not completed in class will become homework.Use your time wisely!

REVIEWWhat kind of reforms were the Progressives trying to bring to the voting process?How did reformers attempt to improve city governments?What were the goals of progressive state leaders?What terms can we add to the outline of a Progressive Politician?

PROGRESSIVE POLITICIANSREFORMING GOVERNMENTROOSEVELT AND THE SQUARE DEALREFORM UNDER TAFTWILSON’S NEW FREEDOM

BELL RINGERWhich of the following quotes best describes the atmosphere of politics during the Progressive Era? Explain.

• “The price of greatness is responsibility.”• “Men occasionally stumble over the truth, but most of them

pick themselves up and hurry off as if nothing had happened.”• “Whether you believe you can do a thing or not, you are

right.”

OBJECTIVEDiscuss how the Square Deal reflects Roosevelt’s governing style.Summarize why the government tried to regulate the food and drug industry.

ROOSEVELT BECOMES PRESIDENTPersistent William Jennings Bryan runs again in 1900

• Assassination leads to “Teddy” Roosevelt to become president

Roosevelt comes up with landmark compromise with Square Deal and arbitration

• “Every man has a square deal, no more and no less.”

REGULATING BUSINESSBig business becomes essential to nations growth

• Trustbusting leads to the end of companiesDangerous practices revealed in Upton Sinclair’s book, The Jungle

• The Meat Inspection Act• Pure Food and Drug Act

“PACKINGTOWN”

“Mary had a little lamb, and when she saw it sicken – she shipped it off to Packingtown and now it’s labeled chicken.” – New York Post

PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENTPart of Roosevelt’s legacy are seen in efforts to protect the environmentGifford Pinchot helps protect nature through conservationReclamation allows damaged land to be productive againNational Park Service created to protect nature

EYEWITNESS AND OTHERS – PG. 158Read the article that describes Lincoln Steffens view of the “Square Deal”Answer the three questions on pg. 162 when you are done reading.

REVIEWWhat kind of changes did Theodore Roosevelt present during his presidency?

• The strike• Businesses• Food and Drug• The Environment

PROGRESSIVE POLITICIANSREFORMING GOVERNMENTROOSEVELT AND THE SQUARE DEALREFORM UNDER TAFTWILSON’S NEW FREEDOM

BELL RINGER - QUIZFor questions 1-6 explain how the following terms help reform the election process:

• Direct primary, 17th amendment, secret ballot, initiative, referendum, recall

#7) Why were some people opposed to Progressive reform?#8) What is the message behind Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal?#9) Why is Upton Sinclair an example of a muckraker?#10) How did Gifford Pinchot influence the government’s use of land in the early 1900s?

OBJECTIVESDescribe the progressive reforms enacted during Taft’s administration.Explain what led to the Progressive Party.Explain how Wilson won the 1912 presidential election.

TAFT TAKES OFFICEWilliam Taft v. William Jennings Bryan

• Difficult to fill in the shoes of Roosevelt• Accomplishments

• 90 antitrust suits• Adding to national forest reserves• Department of Labor• 16th Amendment = income tax

TAFT ANGERS THE PROGRESSIVESThe Payne-Aldrich Tariff

• Results in a high tariff billThe Ballinger-Pinchot Affair

• Private interests v. conservation, weaknessRoosevelt and the Elections of 1910

• “New Nationalism” revives progressive spirit• Republican party is split• T. Roosevelt returns to politics, creates the “Bull Moose” Party

A DEMOCRATIC VICTORYRun on a platform of tariff reduction, bank reformThe Wilson Program

• New Freedom helps out small businesses• Brings a strong call for reform

REVIEWWhat accomplishments did President Taft have during his term?What had caused the division between the Republicans?How was Woodrow Wilson capable of easily attaining a victory in 1912?

CONTINUED REVIEWWhat steps led from Taft’s victory in 1908 to Wilson’s victory in 1912?

• Choose the 4 most significant events that occurred in between these two events and justify why you chose to display those particular events.

ACTIVITYRead pages 296-297

• Answer questions #1 , 2 on pg. 297Read pages 305-307

• Answer questions #3, 4, 6 on pg. 307Read pages 308-313

• Answer questions #2-6, 8 on pg. 313

PROGRESSIVE POLITICIANSREFORMING GOVERNMENTROOSEVELT AND THE SQUARE DEALREFORM UNDER TAFTWILSON’S NEW FREEDOM

BELL RINGERPg. 310-311 (1-2)

OBJECTIVESDescribe how Wilson’s proposals affected big business and U.S. citizens.Discuss how American women gained the right to vote.

REFORM ON MANY FRONTSTariffs

• Underwood Tariff Act – lowest rate of tax 1%

Banking• Federal Reserve Act develops

a system of a Board, 12 reserve banks and private banks

Big Business• Clayton Antitrust Act defines

what businesses cannot do• Federal Trade Commission

enforces laws

WILSON AND WORKERSFederal Farm Loan = low interest loansAdamson Act = reduce workday for rail workersKeating-Owen Child Labor Act

• Declared unconstitutional, limiting commerce

THE STRUGGLE FOR WOMEN’S SUFFRAGEGiving women the right would empower them too muchNAWSA takes on the national approach

• Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Alice Paul, Carrie Chapman Catt

• Patriotism weakens opposition

• 19th Amendment grants right to vote in 1920

REVIEWWhat changes are made under Wilson’s plan of New Freedom?

• Tariffs• Banking• Big Business• Child Labor

Which amendment guarantees all women the right to vote?