PROGRAM ON WATER HARVESTING AND … dan Sumur Dangkal KALIMANTAN •Potensi 1.342.702 ha Dam-parit,...

Kementerian Pertanian www.pertanian.go.id

2018 International Conference on Forward-looking Water Management in Taiwan

PROGRAM ON WATER HARVESTING AND

WATER USE EFFICIENCY FOR SUSTAINABLE

FOOD PRODUCTION IN INDONESIA

Bogor, 28 Nember 2016

HARMANTO

TAIPEI, NOVEMBER 8 – 9, 2018

Head of Indonesian Agro climate and Hydrology Research Institute, Bogor

Ministry of Agriculture


INTRODUCTION

THE CONCEPT OF WATER TECHNOLOGY

WATER HARVESTING INFRASTRUCTURE FOR INCREASING CROPPING INDEX IN DRYLAND AND RAINFED AREA

WATER USE EFFICIENCY (WUE) IN FOOD CROP PRODUCTION

CONCLUSION

2

OUTLINE of PRESENTATION



WHY AGRICULTURE IN INDONESIA IS VERY VULNERABLE TO CLIMATE CHANGE (CC)

3

• Indonesia has very long

coastal area

• Big number of people and

mostly live in coastal area

• Depend upon agricultural

activity & poor farmers

• Activity in coastal is very

susceptible to climate change

such as: flood, drought and

increase sea level (World

Bank, 2010).

• Central production of food

mainly laid along coastal of

Java, South Sumatera, Bali

also affected by CC (World

Bank, 2009).

Ministry of Agriculture 3


TREND OF DISASTER in INDONESIA

SOURCE : http://geospasial.bnpb.go.id

DISASTER due to Climate Change in term of hydro-meteorology: • FLOOD • DROUGHT • LANDSLIDE • CYCLONES


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

19

50

19

55

19

60

19

65

19

70

19

75

19

80

19

85

19

90

19

95

20

00

20

05

Nu

mb

er

of

Clim

ate

-Re

late

d.

Ha

za

rds

FLOODING

WHIRL WIND

DROUGTH

SEA LEVEL and BIG WAVES

CLIMATE CHANGE INCREASES WATER DISASTER

(Boer et al., 2012)



FLOODING AFFECTED TO PADDY FIELD

6 Ministry of Agriculture

More than hundred hectares of paddy field failed to harvest

East Java, 2017 Brebes, Central Java, 2017

Bengkulu, 2016 North Sumatera, 2015

6

Kementerian Pertanian www.pertanian.go.id WATER BALANCE PER

ISLAND

(Juta m3) 25 % Tot. Nas

384,774.4 (Juta m3) 96,193.6 (Juta m3)


8,319.0 (Juta m3) 11,646.7 (Juta m3)

480,968.0

19,965.7

PULAU SUMATERA

KETERSEDIAAN AIR TOTAL

MUSIM HUJAN MUSIM KEMARAU

KEBUTUHAN AIR TOTAL


SURPLUS SURPLUS


389,689.3 (Juta m3) 167,009.7 (Juta m3)


2,040.8 (Juta m3) 2,857.2 (Juta m3)

MUSIM KEMARAU


PULAU KALIMANTAN


556,699.0

SURPLUS SURPLUS

KEBUTUHAN AIR TOTAL

4,898.0

MUSIM HUJAN


129,400.2 (Juta m3) 14,377.8 (Juta m3)


6,433.3 (Juta m3) 9,006.7 (Juta m3)

PULAU SULAWESI


KEBUTUHAN AIR TOTAL

15,440.0

143,778.0



SURPLUS SURPLUS


101,160.8 (Juta m3) 25,290.2 (Juta m3)


27,432.9 (Juta m3) 38,406.1 (Juta m3)

PULAU JAWA DAN BALI


126,451.0



KEBUTUHAN AIR TOTAL

65,839.1

SURPLUS DEFISIT


37,940.4 (Juta m3) 4,215.6 (Juta m3)


1,440.0 (Juta m3) 4,320.0 (Juta m3)

PULAU NUSA TENGGARA


42,156.0


KEBUTUHAN AIR TOTAL

5,760.0


SURPLUS DEFISIT


381,763.9 (Juta m3) 163,613.1 (Juta m3)

(Juta m3) 0.1 % Tot. Nas

57.2 (Juta m3) 80.0 (Juta m3)

PULAU PAPUA


545,377.0

SURPLUS SURPLUS

KEBUTUHAN AIR TOTAL

137.2




49.420,8 (Juta m3) 12.355,2 (Juta m3)

(Juta m3) 0.2 Tot. Nas

98,2 (Juta m3) 137,5 (Juta m3)

SURPLUS SURPLUS

KEBUTUHAN AIR TOTAL

235,7

61.776,0



PULAU MALUKU


WATER

SOURCE

DEFICIT

IN 2020


SOIL WATER CONDITION


1

About 40% of land area in Indonesia has soil water reservoir


Notes:

D : Domestic

M : Municipal

I : Industrial

Source:

Puslitbang SDA (2012)

Roadmap CC Water Sector (2011)

DMI (106 m3/year)

34,10 (19.5%)

AGRICULTURE (106 m3/yr)

141,00 (80.5 %)

DM

(106 m3/year)

6.40 (3,7%)

ALREADY UTILIZED

(106 m3/year)

175,10 (25.3%)

YET UTILIZIED

(106 m3/year)

516,20 (74.7%)

INDUSTRIAL

(106 m3/year)

27.70 (15,8%)

WATER AVAILABLE (106 m3/year)

POTENCY CAN BE UTILIZED

3.906,50 691,30

INDONESIA 3.906,50

SUMATERA 840,70

JAVA 164,00

KALIMANTAN 1.314,00

SULAWESI 299,20

BALI + NUSA TENGGARA

49,60

MALUKU 176,70

PAPUA 1.062,10

DISTRIBUTION

THE UTILIZATION OF SOIL WATER IN INDONESIA


Kementerian Pertanian www.pertanian.go.id 10

Presidential Decree No. 1/2018: About 30.000 unit of Small Pond

till 2019 will be developed as irrigation water in dry and rain fed land

The development of small basin and irrigation

model

Water harvesting technology (basin, small dam, long storage,

shallow well, water pump)

Water-use efficiency (intermittent irrigation, big gun

sprinkler, spray jet & drip)

INTRODUCTION: Alternatively use run off water

• Increase arable land • Increase annual cropping intensity • Increase productivity

1



THE CONCEPT OF UTILIZATION RAIN WATER

or RUN OFF FOR FOOD PRODUCTION

11

2


Rain

Basin

Basin

Sea

Paddy

Corn Horticulture

Small Dam

11


Total Land Indonesia:

191,1 mil ha

Others: 3,1 mil. ha

Non swamp : 9,4 mil. ha

Swamp (34,1 mil. ha) - Tidal : 8,9 mil. Ha - Swamp : 25,2 mil. ha (Peat soil : 14,9 mil. ha)

Dry Land 144,5 mil. ha

Wet Land 43,5 mil. ha

Dry Land - Non-Acid: 37,1 mil. ha - Acid soil : 107,4 mil. ha (Dry climate : 10,7 mil. ha)

LAND RESOURCE IN INDONESIA Source: ICARLD (2015)

2



LOW LAND

HIGH LAND

TOTAL

------ x 1000 ha----------

7.311,0 2.963,6 10.274,6

LOW LAND

HIGH LAND

TOTAL

------ x 1000 ha----------

19.031,0 9.570,0 28.601,0

LOW LAND

HIGH LAND

TOTAL

------ x 1000 ha----------

10.198,4 6.376,3 16.575,7

LOW LAND

HIGH LAND

TOTAL

------ x 1000 ha----------

6.287,1 1.162,1 7.449,2

LOW LAND

HIGH LAND

TOTAL

------ x 1000 ha----------

40.038,2 1.576,5 42.473,7

LOW LAND

HIGH LAND

TOTAL

------ x 1000 ha----------

5.635,5 1.068,9 6.704,4

LOW LAND

HIGH LAND

TOTAL

------ x 1000 ha----------

22.828,2 10.423,6 33.251,8


2 TARGET: DRY LAND & CI 100


SUMATERA • Potensi 1.206.476 ha Dam-parit, Embung, Long- storage, Pemanfaatan Air Sungai dan Sumur Dangkal

1.206.476 ha

724.334 ha

1.342.702 ha

608.872 ha 28.681 ha

JAWA • Potensi 724.334 ha Dam-parit, Embung, Long- storage, Pemanfaatan Air Sungai dan Sumur Dangkal

KALIMANTAN • Potensi 1.342.702 ha Dam-parit, Embung, Longstorage, Pemanfaatan Air Sungai dan Sumur Dangkal

SULAWESI • Potensi 608.872 ha Dam-parit, Embung, Longstorage, Pemanfaatan Air Sungai dan Sumur Dangkal

PAPUA • Potensi 28.681 ha Dam-parit, Embung, Long- storage, Pemanfaatan Air Sungai dan Sumur Dangkal

BALI+NUSTRA • Potensi 117.876 ha Dam-parit, Embung, Longstorage, Pemanfaatan Air Sungai & Sumur Dangkal

MALUKU • Potensi 24.216 Ha Dam-parit, Embung, Longstorage, Pemanfaatan Air Sungai dan Sumur Dangkal

117.876 ha

24.216 ha

SURVEY ON WATER HARVESTING INFRASTRUKTUR IN DRY OR

RAIN FED LAND AND DISTRIBUTION OF 4,0 MILL. HA Invest Rp 22.6 B Prod 10 Jt ton GKG Benefit: Rp 40 Bill

Total: 13.829 of 74.093 Village, 3.287 of 7.094 Sub District, 401 of 415 District, in 34 Provinces.

Total Area : 4.053.156 ha


2


Exploration

Exploitation

Distribution

4 Irrigation technique

1

2

3

General: Step for Water Use for Agriculture

15

2


What is “Water Harvesting Infrastructure”

Small dam Small pond

Long Storage Shallow Well

2



Location: desa Sukakarya, kec. Sukamakmur, Bogor to irrigate about 25 Ha (become CI of 300); funded by Ditjen PSP

Lokasi: kec. Tenjolaya, Bogor to irrigate about 25 Ha (to be CI of 300 Paddy-Paddy-Sweet poteto); funded by Ditjen PSP

WATER HARVESTING TECHNOLOGY 3



In 2017: 3 units of Small Dam in Kedoyo, Tulungagung, East Java

1 Unit: Rp. 40 jt to irrigate 50 Ha 1 Unit: Rp. 60 jt to irrigate 75 Ha

1 Unit: Location Pagerwojo (Rp. 90 jt) to irrigate 150 Ha


2016: 2 Longstorage in Demak & 2 Small Ponds in Central Java

Location: kec. Karangtengah & Bodang, Demak, area 183 Ha (to be IP 200); Funded by Ditjen PSP

Location: kec. Bandungan & Pabelan, Semarang, 30 & 15 Ha (to be IP 300); Funded by: Ditjen PSP



Pump in Secundary canal of Pusakanegara to irrigate 11.000 Ha in Indramayu, West Java

The utilization of Water Pump for Irrigating Food crop

Distribution of 300 unit pump in Bengawan Solo

Bojonegoro for pumping about 10,128 Ha

Pump and piping system in dry land Rawajitu, Tulang bawang district, Lampung

1. Pump = Rp 341jt 2. Area services : 120 Ha

3. Additional IP = 0,5 4. Benefit of 540 ton ≈ Rp. 1,998 M

Sukabumi, Jabar

WATER HARVESTING TECHNOLOGY



THE UTILIZATION OF LONG STORAGE TO DEVELOP

1,000 HA OF “CORPORATE FARMING” IN KARAWANG, WEST JAVA

Main purpose of the project is to develop a model of modern agribusiness based on water management of long storage utilization


Cooperation project with the Taipei Economic and Trade Office (TETO-Jakarta)


29.684 units

SMALL BASIN/ DAM DEVELOPED

Year of 2018 : 1.242 Unit Year of 2017 : 1.030 Unit Year of 2016 : 686 Unit Year of 2015 : 255 Unit

II. From National Budged 3 year: 26.471 units

I. From Village Fund within 4 year: 3,213 units,

2015 2016 2017

KementerianDesaPDTT 134 134

DitjenPPMD - 90 90

DitjenPKP - 22 22

DitjenPDT - 7 7

DitjenPDTU - 8 8

DitjenPKP2TRANS - 7 7

KementerianPertanian 12,818 7,832 5,070 25,720

TugasPembantuan 1,869 500 2,369

BantuanPemerintahPusat 318 115 341 774

DanaAlokasiKhusus 12,500 5,848 4,229 22,577

KementerianPUPR 206 309 102 617

Total 13,024 8,141 5,306 26,471

TotalKementerianJumlahEmbung(Unit)

Target of Inpres 1/2018 is 30.000 unit



DISTRIBUTION OF SMALL BASIN & SMALL DAM DEVELOPMENT IN 2018


Kementerian Pertanian www.pertanian.go.id 24 Ministry of Agriculture 24

WATER USE EFFICIENCY (WUE) FOR FOOD CROP PRODUCTION

4


Shallow well / Connected well

• Well was bored by 2-6 inches diameter, depth < 80 m to explore soil water for agriculture.

25

Water–Use Efficiency Technology

Connected Well: An alternative technology suitable for area of sand

loam texture High efficiency in irrigating time Minimize water loss during irrigation.



CLOSED IRRIGATION SYSTEM (PIPE) : very high efficien, using gravity due to mountinous area, suitable for horticulture

with limited soil water source

CLOSED IRRIGATION (Drip Irigation): : super efficient water-use irrigation, clean water, suitable for hilly area, horticulture (but still expensive material)

26

Water–Use Efficiency Technology



a. Wet – Dry Irrigation system

• Flooding high of 5-10 cm, depend on growth phase of paddy crop

• 10 days before harvesting time, no water to the land

• Water requirement can be saved up to 10-15% compared to the fooding all the time

b. Intermittent irrigation • New technique intermittent

irrigation within a season

• Initial planting with flooding, then water given according to requirement within 3-7 day

• It can saved water by 25%.

WUE for PADDY WET LAND



Drip Irrigation • Water availability is limited • Land flat up to hilly area • Soil texture: clay up to sandy loam • Commodities: horticulture crop with high value



Irrigation of spray type with medium pressure

and nozzle 360 degree direction of spray

Can distribute a certain water irrigation with

radius or distance of 15 meter along the tool

(maximum)

Suitable for horticulture (vegetable crop)

Impact Sprinkler



Furrow Irrigation

• Water availability is excessive (no limit)

• Topography is relatively flat

• Soil texture: clay

• Commodities suitable: Paddy, vegetable & fruit



WUE – APPLICATION OF SOLAR PUMP FOR HORTI The system have already implemented to several dry land

Playen, Gn kidul

Imogiri, Bantul Muneng, Probolinggo

Sukabumi, Jabar Playen, Gn kidul Banjarbaru, Kalsel

Lembang, Jabar


Kementerian Pertanian www.pertanian.go.id 32 Ministry of Agriculture


AIM AND OUT PUT OF DEMO-FARM

NO AIMS OUT PUT

1 To develop a model of irrigation water management by utilization of small basin/ dam developed before in dry land for food production

A Model of high water use efficency irrigation system for food production in dry land by utilization of small basin/dam

2 To develop a model of innovative agribussines sistem in dry land using best practice which is technically, financial and socially feasible for food production

A Model of innovative agribussines system for food production in dry land area

3 To empower social culture and to analize the system has been developed

A profesional farmer group institution

4 To propose a recommendation of innovation technology as well as farmer group institution to be profesional

Recommendation for best practice and technology



A DETAIL OF LOCATION OF DEMO-FARM

No Location Ecosystem Status

Kind of Water Harvest

Area (Ha)

Commodities Technology required

1 Bima, NTB

Dryland Dry Climate

Small Dam

50 Paddy – Corn- Corn

Agronomy, Water mang, Post harvest , Farmer group

2 Maros, Sulsel Rain fed area

Small Dam

10 Paddy – Corn –Corn/ Peanut


3 Grobogan, Jawa Tengah

Rain fed area

Basin/ Pond

10 Paddy – Corn – Corn



Kementerian Pertanian www.pertanian.go.id 35 Ministry of Agriculture 35

Kementerian Pertanian www.pertanian.go.id 36 Ministry of Agriculture


Additional water source

Tirta Mini



Water management for irrigating corns

38 Ministry of Agriculture 38


FINANCIAL ANALYSIS AND BENEFICIAL OF BASIN


• For case study in Tambirejo vill, Grobogan, Central Java

• Size of pond: 21 m x 21 m (2.4 m depth) = 1,087 m3

• Land area to be irrigated by FAO method is 1 – 2 Ha

• Total area to be irrigated by super-efficient is 22 Ha

• Water-use efficiency using local irrigation system: 95%

• For corn production, B/C ratio is 1.78 (feasible)

• A simple tool for irrigating corn plant individually is required.


CONCLUSION • In order to fulfill secured food for 265 million people of Indonesia,

the use of water for agriculture should be calculated for sustainable food production, so that the availability of water for other purpose is guaranteed,

• Due to a problem of water resource limited in dry season and global climate change, so that technology on water use efficiency must be wisely applied from rain harvesting infrastructure (basin, small dam and long storage),

• The implementation of such technology of rain harvesting infrastructure as well as water use efficiency to produce food production should be widely conducted via a National action, policy or other efforts to achieve National Food Security.



THANK You


PROGRAM ON WATER HARVESTING AND … dan Sumur Dangkal KALIMANTAN •Potensi 1.342.702 ha Dam-parit,...

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Transcript of PROGRAM ON WATER HARVESTING AND … dan Sumur Dangkal KALIMANTAN •Potensi 1.342.702 ha Dam-parit,...