A. Comm. Norm Lipinski, Former Chair, CACP Ethics C.

D.C. Roger Chaffin, Chair, CACP Ethics Committee

Dr. Stephen Maguire, Carleton University

Dr. Lorraine Dyke, Carleton University

Project Purpose

Which programs and practices are most

effective in sustaining professionalism?

Project Methodology

• Literature review

• 80 interviews across the country

• Online survey – 10,000 respondents

• 31 agencies

• Report

What do we mean by Professionalism?

What is a Profession?

Professions

Why is securing public trust so important?

• Professions provide an indispensable public

good.

• Members of the profession have a great deal

of autonomy in how that good is provided.

Professionalism

Professionalism is conduct befitting public trust

Compliance with:

• Legislation

• Policy

• Ethical Values that guide discretionary judgment

• socialization

Continuous improvement

Survey Design

Four Integrity Measures

• & Organizational commitment

Validated measures

• Work environment, Organizational practices,

Org. programs

• Respondent pool up to the rank of staff

sergeant

• Data collected Sept. 2010 to Feb. 2011

What the numbers mean

• 10,264 responses

• All graphs represent agree or strongly

agree on a 5 point Likert scale

• M/Fem – Male/Female

• W/Non W – White/Non white

• Sup/Non S – Supervisor/Non supervisor

• Policing experience

Integrity Measures

Perceived integrity of supervisors

and colleagues

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

Super/Nat Coll/Nat Coll-W/NW

64

61

62

56

Perceived integrity of supervisors

Policing experience

60

62

64

66

68

70

1 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 20 21+

70

63

65

62

Perceived integrity of colleagues

Policing experience

55

57

59

61

63

65

67

1 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 20 21+

66

63

60 59

Willingness to Report

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

RCMP/Munis/Aggregate Sup/Non S

78

83

54 55

66

Willingness to report:

Policing experience

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

1 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 20 21+

55 54

67

78

Confidence in colleagues’ willingness

to report

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

RCMP/Mu/Agg M/Fem Sup/Non-S

31

28

31

21

18

22

Confidence in colleagues’ willingness to report:

Policing experience

20

22

24

26

28

30

1 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 20 21+

27

22

25

29

Organizational Commitment

58

60

62

64

66

68

National Sup/Non S

63

67

60

Organizational Commitment:

Policing experience

55

60

65

70

75

1 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 20 21+

74

59 60

61

Strongest Correlations to

Integrity

1. Perceived Organizational Support

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

National M/Fem Sup/Non S

25 26

30

20 21

1. Perceived Organizational Support

Policing experience

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

1 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 20 21+

32

20

22

27

2. Ethical Leadership

0

5

10

15

20

RCMP/Munis/Aggregate

9.1

19.4

14

2. Ethical Leadership:

Policing Experience

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 20 21+

18

10

14 15

3. Procedural Justice:

National & Policing experience

8

10

12

14

16

18

National 1 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 20 21+

13

18

10 11

14

4. Internalization of Org. Values

15

20

25

30

35

40

RCMP/Mu/Nat Sup/Non S

39

25

21 20

24

4. Internalization of Org. Values:

Policing experience

121416182022242628303234

1 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 20 21+

36

16

23 25

5. Supportive Supervision

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

National W/NW M/Fem

59 59 60

64

55

5. Supportive Supervision:

Policing experience

50

55

60

65

70

75

1 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 20 21+

72

55

60

56

6. Perceived Community Respect

35

40

45

50

55

National M/Fem Sup/Non S

46 47

51

40 42

6. Perceived Community Respect:

Policing experience

35

40

45

50

55

1 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 20 21+

41

38

46

52

7. Performance of Professional Standards

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

National Sup/Non S

28

35

24

7. Performance of Professional Standards:

Policing experience

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

1 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 20 21+

24

21

29

34

Value of Ethics Training

42

44

46

48

50

52

54

56

National M/Fem Sup/Non S

51 50

56 56

46

Value of Ethics Training:

Policing experience

40

42

44

46

48

50

52

54

1 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 20 21+

54

43

51

53

Moving Forward:

Importance of Values Based

Management

Social Values

Legislation

Org. Policies

Decision Making

Discretionary Judgment

Rules

Org Values

Mgt. Practices

Personal Values

Cdn. Policing Values: Issues

• 15 agencies have 35 different values

• Fairness frequently missing

• Socialization issues

• Much less “apprenticeship” time

• Quick immersion in police subculture

• What are the core values of Cdn policing?

How well are police agencies

guiding discretionary judgement?