Prof. Neil Gershenfeld Director cba.mit/~neilg NSF CCR-0122419
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Transcript of Prof. Neil Gershenfeld Director cba.mit/~neilg NSF CCR-0122419
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Prof. Neil GershenfeldDirector
http://cba.mit.edu/~neilg
NSF CCR-0122419
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Bits and Atoms:Bits and Atoms:Grand ChallengesGrand ChallengesBits and Atoms:Bits and Atoms:
Grand ChallengesGrand Challenges
it from bit: how can functional description be embodied in physical form?
bit from it: how can functional description be abstracted from physical form?
statistical-mechanical engineering
quantum-mechanical engineeringanalog logic
silicon biology
RF biologycomputational assembly
personal fabricationprogrammable design
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ThresholdsThresholdsThresholdsThresholds
noise
errors
1948: Communications (Shannon)
1963: Computation (Winograd, von Neumann)
~2003: Fabrication (Jacobson, Knight, …)
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RF BiologyRF BiologyRF BiologyRF Biology
Remote Electronic Control of DNA Hybridization Through Inductive Coupling to an Attached Metal
Nanocrystal Antenna, K. Hamad-Schifferli, J.J. Schwartz, A.T. Santos, S.G. Zhang, and J.M.
Jacobson, Nature (415) pp. 152-155, 2002
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MicroencapsulatedMicroencapsulatedElectropheresisElectropheresis
MicroencapsulatedMicroencapsulatedElectropheresisElectropheresis
B. Comiskey, J.D. Albert,H. Yoshizawa and J. Jacobson
An Electrophoretic Ink for All-PrintedReflective Electronic Displays
Nature (394), 253-5 (1998)
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NanotecticsNanotecticsNanotecticsNanotecticsBrent Ridley, Babak Nivi, and Joseph Jacobson,
All-Inorganic Field Effect Transistors Fabricated by Printing,Science (286) 746, 1999
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Printed MemoryPrinted MemoryPrinted MemoryPrinted Memory(Brian Hubert)
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3D Inkjet Printing3D Inkjet Printing3D Inkjet Printing3D Inkjet Printing
(Joe Jacobson)
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Printed Electro-Mechanical SystemsPrinted Electro-Mechanical SystemsPrinted Electro-Mechanical SystemsPrinted Electro-Mechanical Systems
MEMS ($1B, 1) vs PEMS ($1k, 1mm)
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nm
mm
μm
in outFabricationFabricationFabricationFabrication
m
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Making AnythingMaking AnythingMaking AnythingMaking Anything
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How To MakeHow To Make(almost) Anything(almost) Anything
How To MakeHow To Make(almost) Anything(almost) Anything
How To Make Something That Makes (almost) Anything
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ScreamBodyScreamBodyScreamBodyScreamBody(Kelly Dobson)
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Interpet ExplorerInterpet ExplorerInterpet ExplorerInterpet Explorer(Irene Pepperberg, Ben Resner)
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Personal Toy FabricationPersonal Toy FabricationPersonal Toy FabricationPersonal Toy Fabrication
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The Liberal ArtsThe Liberal ArtsThe Liberal ArtsThe Liberal Arts
The Trivium• Grammar • Rhetoric • Logic
The Quadrivium• Arithmetic • Geometry • Music • Astronomy
Liberation, Mastery
Literacy
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CBA Fab LabsCBA Fab LabsCBA Fab LabsCBA Fab Labs(Computer Clubhouses, Congress,
National Academies, World Bank, …)
fabrication, instrumentation divides
Boston
Costa Rica
PCB fab
3D scan/mill
analyticalinstrumentation
modularelectronics
India
Norway
space (m), time (s)
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Fab Lab ProcessesFab Lab ProcessesFab Lab ProcessesFab Lab Processes
• Precision machining– PCBs
– 3D output
• NC cutting– flex circuits
– antennas
– interconnect
– masks
• Instrumentation– optical spectroscopy
– microscopy
– metrology
– 3D scanning
• Instrumentation Development– Towers
– Internet 0
– microcontroller programming
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Diesel TimingDiesel TimingDiesel TimingDiesel Timing (Kalbag, Ike Chuang, Amy Sun, Anil Bahuman)
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Appropriate Optical SpectroscopyAppropriate Optical SpectroscopyAppropriate Optical SpectroscopyAppropriate Optical Spectroscopy(Caroline McEnnis, Jason Taylor, Debu Goswami)
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The TowerThe TowerThe TowerThe Tower• microcontroller• A/D• high-speed A/D• keyboard• camera• SRAM
(Bakhtiar Mikhak, Chris Lyon)
• NC mill• oscilloscope• Net computer• …
• FLASH• DC motor• servo motor• solenoid• LEDs• LCD
• MIDI• audio• RS-232• RS-485• Tower bus• I2C
• USART• USB• ethernet• 802.11b• protoboard• clock
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Internet 0Internet 0Internet 0Internet 0
power
analog I/O
programming
controlserial
• IP to leaf nodes• bit size > net size• shared analog modulation• peers don’t need servers• physical programming• implement function, not spec• open standards
(Raffi Krikorian, Sun, …)
ethernet
$1-10 1-10kB
RS-485, IR, ultrasound, powerline, …
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CommodityCommodityIncrementalIncremental
InfrastructureInfrastructure
CommodityCommodityIncrementalIncremental
InfrastructureInfrastructureBAWUG, OpenAP, mesh routing
$1-200/hop
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Electronic ShepherdElectronic ShepherdElectronic ShepherdElectronic Shepherd(Haakon Karlson, Solvik Gård, Telenor)
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LynLynLynLyn
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DebuggingDebuggingDebuggingDebugging(Delhi Clubhouse, Mitch Resnick)
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SadbhavanaSadbhavanaSadbhavanaSadbhavana(Lt. Gen. Arjun Ray, ret.)
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To Follow UpTo Follow UpTo Follow UpTo Follow Up
http://cba.mit.edu/~neilg
Cambridge Series on Information and the Natural SciencesHenry Holt and Company