Prof. Karl Leo

List of Publications

May 31, 2019

1.

Agranovich V, Basko D, Schmidt K, LaRocca G, Bassani F, Forrest S, et al. Charged Frenkel excitons in organic crystals. CHEMICAL PHYSICS. 2001

Oct 15;272(2–3):159–69.

2.

Agranovich V, Schmidt K, Leo K. Surface states in molecular chains with strong mixing of Frenkel and charge-transfer excitons. CHEMICAL

PHYSICS LETTERS. 2000 Jul 21;325(1–3):308–16.

3.

Agranovich V, Schmidt K, Leo K. Surface states in molecular chains with strong mixing of Frenkel and charge-transfer excitons (vol 325, pg 308,

2000). CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS. 2001 Mar 23;336(5–6):536.

4.

ALBRECHT W, KRUSE T, LEO K, KURZ H. OXYGEN DEPENDENCE OF THE FERMI-LEVEL AND ELECTRON-PHONON COUPLING-CONSTANT IN

YBA2CU3OX FILMS. APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING. 1993 May;56(5):463–5.

5.

ALBRECHT W, KRUSE T, LEO K, KURZ H. DYNAMICS OF OPTICALLY-EXCITED QUASI-PARTICLES IN YBA2CU3O7. APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS

SCIENCE & PROCESSING. 1993 Aug;57(2):203–6.

6.

Auschill S, de Moraes IR, Luessem B, Gather MC, Leo K. A high performance liquid chromatography method to determine phenanthroline

derivatives used in OLEDs and OSCs. SYNTHETIC METALS. 2012 Dec;162(21–22):1834–8.

7.

AVERIN S, KAMINSKII E, ROSKOS K, GELEN K, KERSTING R, PLETTNER I, et al. SUPERFAST MECHANISM OF VERTICAL DRIFT OF CURRENT CARRIERS

IN MSM HETEROBARRIER STRUCTURES. ZHURNAL TEKHNICHESKOI FIZIKI. 1995 Jan;65(1):81–90.

8.

AVERIN S, VONKAMIENSKI E, ROSKOS H, KERSTING R, PLETTNER J, GEELEN H, et al. HETEROBARRIER PHOTODIODE MSM STRUCTURES WITH

SUBPICOSECOND TEMPORAL RESOLUTION. KVANTOVAYA ELEKTRONIKA. 1994 Sep;21(9):873–7.

9.

BAKKER H, LEO K, SHAH J, KOHLER K. TIME-RESOLVED STUDY OF DEPHASING MECHANISMS OF EXCITONS IN GAAS/ALXGA1-XAS QUANTUM-WELL

STRUCTURES. PHYSICAL REVIEW B. 1994 Mar 15;49(12):8249–57.

10.

Beck W, Leisching P, Kurz H, Schafer W, Leo K, Kohler K. External-field-dependent enhancement of internal Coulomb interactions in time-

resolved four-wave mixing. NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA D-CONDENSED MATTER ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND CHEMICAL

PHYSICS FLUIDS PLASMAS BIOPHYSICS. 1995 Dec;17(11–12):1355–8.

11.

Becker F, Brueckner R, Langner M, Hintschich SI, Sudzius M, Froeb H, et al. Coherent quasimodes and supermodes in a planar microcavity.

SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES. 2011 Mar;49(3):193–202.

12.

Becker F, Langner M, Froeb H, Lyssenko VG, Leo K, Adachi C. Dependence of polarization splitting on mode tuning in microcavities. APPLIED

PHYSICS LETTERS. 2009 Nov 9;95(19).

13.

Beyer B, Griese D, Schirrmann C, Pfeifer R, Kahmann S, Hild OR, et al. Small molecule bulk heterojunction organic solar cells with coumarin-6 as

donor material. THIN SOLID FILMS. 2013 Jun 1;536:206–10.

14.

Beyer B, Leo K. Efficiency increase of organic solar cells with emissive light-in-coupling layers. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C.

2015;3(41):10830–6.

15.

Beyer B, Pfeifer R, Zettler JK, Hild OR, Leo K. Graded Absorption Layers in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL

CHEMISTRY C. 2013 May 16;117(19):9537–42.

16.

BJORKMAN C, SHEARON C, MA Y, YASUDA T, LUCOVSKY G, EMMERICHS U, et al. 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION IN SI-SIO2 HETEROSTRUCTURES

FORMED BY CHEMICAL, THERMAL, AND PLASMA-ASSISTED OXIDATION AND DEPOSITION PROCESSES. JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE &

TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS. 1993 Aug;11(4, 1):964–70.

17.

BJORKMAN C, YASUDA T, SHEARON C, MA Y, LUCOVSKY G, EMMERICHS U, et al. INFLUENCE OF SURFACE-ROUGHNESS ON THE ELECTRICAL-

PROPERTIES OF SI-SIO2 INTERFACES AND ON 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION AT THESE INTERFACES. JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE &

TECHNOLOGY B. 1993 Aug;11(4):1521–7.

18.

Blochwitz J, Pfeiffer M, Fritz T, Leo K. Low voltage organic light emitting diodes featuring doped phthalocyanine as hole transport material.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS. 1998 Aug 10;73(6):729–31.

19.

Blochwitz J, Pfeiffer M, Hofmann M, Leo K. Non-polymeric OLEDs with a doped amorphous hole transport layer and operating voltages down to

3.2 V to achieve 100 cd/m(2). SYNTHETIC METALS. 2002 Mar 26;127(1–3, SI):169–73.

20.

Blochwitz J, Fritz T, Pfeiffer M, Leo K, Alloway DM, Lee PA, et al. Interface electronic structure of organic semiconductors with controlled doping

levels. ORGANIC ELECTRONICS. 2001 Sep;2(2):97–104.

21.

Bohm W, Fritz T, Leo K. Charge transport in thin organic semiconducting films: Seebeck and field effect studies. PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-

APPLIED RESEARCH. 1997 Mar 16;160(1):81–7.

22.

Bormann L, Nehm F, Sonntag L, Chen F-Y, Selzer F, Mueller-Meskamp L, et al. Degradation of Flexible, ITO-Free Oligothiophene Organic Solar

Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES. 2016 Jun 15;8(23):14709–16.

23.

Bormann L, Nehm F, Weiss N, Nikolis VC, Selzer F, Eychmueller A, et al. Degradation of Sexithiophene Cascade Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED

ENERGY MATERIALS. 2016 May 11;6(9).

24.

Bormann L, Selzer F, Leo K, Mueller-Meskamp L. A solution-doped small molecule hole transport layer for efficient ITO-free organic solar cells. In:

Kafafi, ZH and Lane, PA and Samuel, IDW, editor. ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS XVI. SPIE; Raynergy Tek Inc; 2015. (Proceedings of SPIE; vol. 9567).

25.

Bormann L, Selzer F, Weiss N, Kneppe D, Leo K, Mueller-Meskamp L. Doped hole transport layers processed from solution: Planarization and

bridging the voids in noncontinuous silver nanowire electrodes. ORGANIC ELECTRONICS. 2016 Jan;28:163–71.

26.

Brueckner R, Lyssenko VG, Hofmann S, Leo K. Lasing of Tamm states in highly efficient organic devices based on small-molecule organic

semiconductors. FARADAY DISCUSSIONS. 2014;174:183–201.

27.

Brueckner R, Sudzius M, Froeb H, Lyssenko VG, Leo K. Saturation of laser emission in a small mode volume organic microcavity. JOURNAL OF

APPLIED PHYSICS. 2011 May 15;109(10).

28.

Brueckner R, Sudzius M, Hintschich SI, Froeb H, Lyssenko VG, Leo K. Hybrid optical Tamm states in a planar dielectric microcavity. PHYSICAL

REVIEW B. 2011 Jan 31;83(3).

29.

Brueckner R, Sudzius M, Hintschich SI, Froeb H, Lyssenko VG, Kaliteevski MA, et al. Parabolic polarization splitting of Tamm states in a metal-

organic microcavity. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS. 2012 Feb 6;100(6).

30.

Brueckner R, Zakhidov AA, Scholz R, Sudzius M, Hintschich SI, Froeb H, et al. Phase-locked coherent modes in a patterned metal-organic

microcavity. NATURE PHOTONICS. 2012 May;6(5):322–6.

31.

Burtone L, Ray D, Leo K, Riede M. Impedance model of trap states for characterization of organic semiconductor devices. JOURNAL OF APPLIED

PHYSICS. 2012 Mar 15;111(6).

32.

Burtone L, Fischer J, Leo K, Riede M. Trap states in ZnPc:C60 small-molecule organic solar cells. PHYSICAL REVIEW B. 2013 Jan 31;87(4).

33.

CAMASSEL J, JUILLAGUET S, SCHWEDLER R, WOLTER K, BAUMANN F, LEO K, et al. MORPHOLOGY OF INGAAS/INP QWS - FROM EXCITONIC

SPECTROSCOPY TO HR-TEM ANALYSES. JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV. 1993 Oct;3(C5):99–106.

34.

Canzler T, Hasche T, Scholz R, Leo K. Coherent phonon wavepackets in quasi-1D organic molecular crystals. PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER.

2002 May;316:48–54.

35.

Canzler T, Hasche T, Scholz R, Leo K. Coherent phonon wavepackets in quasi-1D organic molecular crystals. PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER.

2002 May;316:48–54.

36.

Canzler T, Holfeld C, Loser F, Lyssenko V, Leo K, Whittaker D, et al. Fano resonances in semiconductor superlattices. PHYSICA E. 2001

Jun;10(4):593–6.

37.

Canzler T, Holfeld C, Lyssenko V, Whittaker D, Kohler K, Leo K. Influence of Fano coupling on Wannier-Stark transitions in semiconductor

superlattices. PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH. 2000 Mar;178(1):39–44.

38.

Chang H-W, Kim YH, Lee J, Hofmann S, Luessem B, Mueller-Meskamp L, et al. Color-stable, ITO-free white organic light-emitting diodes with

enhanced efficiency using solution-processed transparent electrodes and optical outcoupling layers. ORGANIC ELECTRONICS. 2014

May;15(5):1028–34.

39.

Chang H-W, Lee J, Hofmann S, Kim YH, Mueller-Meskamp L, Luessem B, et al. Nano-particle based scattering layers for optical efficiency

enhancement of organic light-emitting diodes and organic solar cells. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. 2013 May 28;113(20).

40.

Chang H-W, Lee J, Koh T-W, Hofmann S, Luessem B, Yoo S, et al. Bi-directional organic light-emitting diodes with nanoparticle-enhanced light

outcoupling. LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS. 2013 Nov;7(6):1079–87.

41.

COLLET J, RUHLE W, PUGNET M, LEO K, MILLION A. ELECTRON-HOLE PLASMA DYNAMICS IN CDTE IN THE PICOSECOND REGIME. PHYSICAL

REVIEW B. 1989 Dec 15;40(18):12296–303.

42.

COLLET J, RUHLE W, PUGNET M, LEO K, MILLION A. ELECTRON-HOLE PLASMA RELAXATION IN CDTE. JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH. 1990

Apr;101(1–4):773–7.

43.

Curiel D, Montoya MM, Hummert M, Riede M, Leo K. Doped-carbazolocarbazoles as hole transporting materials in small molecule solar cells with

different architectures. ORGANIC ELECTRONICS. 2015 Feb;17:28–32.

44.

DAMEN T, LEO K, SHAH J, CUNNINGHAM J. SPIN RELAXATION AND THERMALIZATION OF EXCITONS IN GAAS QUANTUM-WELLS. APPLIED PHYSICS

LETTERS. 1991 Apr 29;58(17):1902–4.

45.

de Moraes IR, Scholz S, Hermenau M, Tietze ML, Schwab T, Hofmann S, et al. Impact of temperature on the efficiency of organic light emitting

diodes. ORGANIC ELECTRONICS. 2015 Nov;26:158–63.

46.

de Moraes IR, Scholz S, Leo K. Influence of the applied charge on the electro-chemical degradation in green phosphorescent organic light

emitting diodes. ORGANIC ELECTRONICS. 2016 Nov;38:164–71.

47.

de Moraes IR, Scholz S, Luessem B, Leo K. Analysis of chemical degradation mechanism within sky blue phosphorescent organic light emitting

diodes by laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ORGANIC ELECTRONICS. 2011 Feb;12(2):341–7.

48.

de Moraes IR, Scholz S, Luessem B, Leo K. Role of oxygen-bonds in the degradation process of phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS. 2011 Aug 1;99(5).

49.

de Moraes IR, Scholz S, Luessem B, Leo K. Chemical degradation processes of highly stable red phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes.

ORGANIC ELECTRONICS. 2012 Oct;13(10):1900–7.

50.

DEKORSY T, LEISCHING P, WASCHKE C, KOHLER K, LEO K, ROSKOS H, et al. TERAHERTZ BLOCH OSCILLATIONS IN SEMICONDUCTOR

SUPERLATTICES. SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 1994 Nov;9(11, S):1959–64.

51.

Di Pietro R, Erdmann T, Wang N, Liu X, Graefe D, Lenz J, et al. The impact of molecular weight, air exposure and molecular doping on the charge

transport properties and electronic defects in dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole-thieno[3,2-b] thiophene copolymers. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS

CHEMISTRY C. 2016;4(46):10827–38.

52.

Dienel T, Proehl H, Fritz T, Leo K. Novel near-infrared photo luminescence from platinum(II)-porphyrin (PtOEP) aggregates. JOURNAL OF

LUMINESCENCE. 2004 Dec;110(4):253–7.

53.

Dienel T, Forker R, Leo K, Fritz T. Optical differential reflectance spectroscopy of molecular thin films on a metal: Evidence for strong oscillator

strength increase. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C. 2007 Oct 11;111(40):14593–6.

54.

Dienel T, Proehl H, Forker R, Leo K, Fritz T. Metal-induced photoluminescence quenching of organic molecular crystals. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL

CHEMISTRY C. 2008 Jun 19;112(24):9056–60.

55.

Dignam M, Kohler K, Leo K, Litvinenko K, Loser F, Lyssenko V, et al. New features of spatial-temporal dynamics of Bloch oscillations. In: Asmontas,

S and Dargys, A, editor. ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA IN SEMICONDUCTORS. Lithuanian Govt; Lithuanian State Sci & Studies Fdn; European

Commiss; 1999. p. 11–6. (MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM; vols. 297–2).

56.

Djurisic A, Fritz T, Leo K. Determination of optical constants of thin absorbing films from normal incidence reflectance and transmittance

measurements. OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS. 1999 Aug 1;166(1–6):35–42.

57.

Djurisic A, Fritz T, Leo K, Li E. Improved method for determination of optical constants of organic thin films from reflection and transmission

measurements. APPLIED OPTICS. 2000 Mar 1;39(7):1174–82.

58.

Djurisic A, Fritz T, Leo K. Modelling the optical constants of organic thin films: impact of the choice of objective function. JOURNAL OF OPTICS A-

PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS. 2000 Sep;2(5):458–64.

59.

Djurisic A, Fritz T, Leo K. Modeling the optical constants of organic thin films: application to 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA).

OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS. 2000 Sep 1;183(1–4):123–32.

60.

Dollinger F, Nehm F, Muller-Meskamp L, Leo K. Laminated aluminum thin-films as low-cost opaque moisture ultra-barriers for flexible organic

electronic devices. ORGANIC ELECTRONICS. 2017 Jul;46:242–6.

61.

Drechsel J, Mannig B, Gebeyehu D, Pfeiffer M, Leo K, Hoppe H. MIP-type organic solar cells incorporating phthalocyanine/fullerene mixed layers

and doped wide-gap transport layers. ORGANIC ELECTRONICS. 2004 Jun;5(4):175–86.

62.

Drechsel J, Mannig B, Kozlowski F, Gebeyehu D, Werner A, Koch M, et al. High efficiency organic solar cells based on single or multiple PIN

structures. THIN SOLID FILMS. 2004 Mar 22;451:515–7.

63.

Drechsel J, Mannig B, Kozlowski F, Pfeiffer M, Leo K, Hoppe H. Efficient organic solar cells based on a double p-i-n architecture using doped wide-

gap transport layers. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS. 2005 Jun 13;86(24).

64.

Drechsel J, Pfeiffer M, Zhou X, Nollau A, Leo K. Organic Mip-diodes by p-doping of amorphous wide-gap semiconductors: CV and impedance

spectroscopy. SYNTHETIC METALS. 2002 Mar 26;127(1–3, SI):201–5.

65.

Eid J, Usman A, Gereige I, Van Duren J, Lyssenko V, Leo K, et al. Ultrafast pump-probe reflectance spectroscopy: Why sodium makes Cu(In,Ga)Se-2

solar cells better. SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS. 2015 Sep;140:33–7.

66.

Elschner C, Levin AA, Wilde L, Grenzer J, Schroer C, Leo K, et al. Determining the C60 molecular arrangement in thin films by means of X-ray

diffraction. JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY. 2011 Oct;44(5):983–90.

67.

Elschner C, Schrader M, Fitzner R, Levin AA, Baeuerle P, Andrienko D, et al. Molecular ordering and charge transport in a dicyanovinyl-substituted

quaterthiophene thin film. RSC ADVANCES. 2013;3(30):12117–23.

68.

Engel E, Koschorreck M, Leo K, Hoffmann M. Excitonic intraband relaxation and polarization anisotropies in PTCDA on femtosecond and

picosecond timescales. JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE. 2005 Apr;112(1–4):299–302.

69.

Engel E, Koschorreck M, Leo K, Hoffmann M. Ultrafast relaxation in quasi-one-dimensional organic molecular crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW

LETTERS. 2005 Oct 7;95(15).

70.

Engel E, Leo K, Hoffmann M. Ultrafast relaxation and exciton-exciton annihilation in PTCDA thin films at high excitation densities. CHEMICAL

PHYSICS. 2006 Jun 9;325(1):170–7.

71.

Engel E, Schmidt K, Beljonne D, Bredas J-L, Assa J, Froeb H, et al. Transient absorption spectroscopy and quantum-chemical studies of matrix-

isolated perylene derivatives. PHYSICAL REVIEW B. 2006 Jun;73(24).

72.

Erdenebileg E, Scholz LE, Hofacker A, Koerner C, Leo K. Very Small Inverted Hysteresis in Vacuum-Deposited Mixed Organic-Inorganic Hybrid

Perovskite Solar Cells. ENERGY TECHNOLOGY. 2017 Sep;5(9):1606–11.

73.

Eritt M, May C, Leo K, Toerker M, Radehaus C. OLED manufacturing for large area lighting applications. THIN SOLID FILMS. 2010 Mar 31;518(11,

SI):3042–5.

74.

Falkenberg C, Hummert M, Meerheim R, Schuenemann C, Olthof S, Koerner C, et al. Naphthalenetetracarboxylic Diimide Derivatives: Molecular

Structure, Thin Film Properties and Solar Cell Applications. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS. 2018 Aug;232(9–11, SI):1717–32.

75.

Falkenberg C, Leo K, Riede MK. Improved photocurrent by using n-doped 2,3,8,9,14,15-hexachloro-5,6,11,12,17,18-hexaazatrinaphthylene as

optical spacer layer in p-i-n type organic solar cells. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. 2011 Dec 15;110(12).

76.

Falkenberg C, Olthof S, Rieger R, Baumgarten M, Muellen K, Leo K, et al. The role of energy level matching in organic solar cells-

Hexaazatriphenylene hexacarbonitrile as transparent electron transport material. SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS. 2011

Mar;95(3):927–32.

77.

Falkenberg C, Uhrich C, Olthof S, Maennig B, Riede MK, Leo K. Efficient p-i-n type organic solar cells incorporating 1,4,5,8-

naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride as transparent electron transport material. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. 2008 Aug 1;104(3).

78.

Fanciulli R, Weiner A, Dignam M, Meinhold D, Leo K. Coherent control of Bloch oscillations by means of optical pulse shaping. PHYSICAL REVIEW

B. 2005 Apr;71(15).

79.

Fang L, Holzmueller F, Matulaitis T, Baasner A, Hauenstein C, Benduhn J, et al. Fluorine-containing low-energy-gap organic dyes with low voltage

losses for organic solar cells. SYNTHETIC METALS. 2016 Dec;222(B):232–9.

80.

Fehse K, Meerheim R, Walzer K, Leo K, Loevenich W, Elschner A. Lifetime of organic light emitting diodes on polymer anodes. APPLIED PHYSICS

LETTERS. 2008 Aug 25;93(8).

81.

Fehse K, Olthof S, Walzer K, Leo K, Johnson RL, Glowatzki H, et al. Energy level alignment of electrically doped hole transport layers with

transparent and conductive indium tin oxide and polymer anodes. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. 2007 Oct 1;102(7).

82.

Fehse K, Schwartz G, Walzer K, Leo K. Combination of a polyaniline anode and doped charge transport layers for high-efficiency organic light

emitting diodes. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. 2007 Jun 15;101(12).

83.

Fehse K, Walzer K, Leo K, Loevenich W, Elschner A. Highly conductive polymer anodes as replacements for inorganic materials in high-efficiency

organic light-emitting diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS. 2007 Feb 5;19(3):441+.

84.

FELDMANN J, LEO K, SHAH J, MILLER D, CUNNINGHAM J, MEIER T, et al. OPTICAL INVESTIGATION OF BLOCH OSCILLATIONS IN A

SEMICONDUCTOR SUPERLATTICE. PHYSICAL REVIEW B. 1992 Sep 15;46(11):7252–5.

85.

FELDMANN J, PETER G, GOBEL E, LEO K, POLLAND H, PLOOG K, et al. CARRIER TRAPPING IN SINGLE QUANTUM-WELLS WITH DIFFERENT

CONFINEMENT STRUCTURES. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS. 1987 Jul 27;51(4):226–8.

86.

Fettweis G, Leo K, Voit B, Schneider U, Scheuvens L. Venturing Electronics into Unknown Grounds. In: 2018 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON

DEVICES MEETING (IEDM). IEEE; IEEE Electron Devices Soc; 2018. (IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting).

87.

Fischer A, Pahner P, Luessem B, Leo K, Scholz R, Koprucki T, et al. Self-Heating, Bistability, and Thermal Switching in Organic Semiconductors.

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS. 2013 Mar 21;110(12).

88.

Fischer A, Koprucki T, Gaertner K, Tietze ML, Brueckner J, Luessem B, et al. Feel the Heat: Nonlinear Electrothermal Feedback in Organic LEDs.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS. 2014 Jun;24(22):3367–74.

89.

Fischer A, Koprucki T, Glitzky A, Liero M, Gaertner K, Hauptmann J, et al. OLEDs: light-emitting thin film thermistors revealing advanced self-

heating effects. In: So, F, editor. ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES XIX. SPIE; 2015. (Proceedings of SPIE; vol. 9566).

90.

Fischer A, Pahner P, Loessem B, Leo K, Scholz R, Koprucki T, et al. Self-heating effects in organic semiconductor crossbar structures with small

active area. ORGANIC ELECTRONICS. 2012 Nov;13(11):2461–8.

91.

Fischer A, Scholz R, Leo K, Luessem B. An all C-60 vertical transistor for high frequency and high current density applications. APPLIED PHYSICS

LETTERS. 2012 Nov 19;101(21).

92.

Fischer A, Siebeneicher P, Kleemann H, Leo K, Luessem B. Bidirectional operation of vertical organic triodes. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. 2012

Feb 15;111(4).

93.

Fischer A, Zuendorf H, Kaschura F, Widmer J, Leo K, Kraft U, et al. Nonlinear Contact Effects in Staggered Thin-Film Transistors. PHYSICAL REVIEW

APPLIED. 2017 Nov 7;8(5).

94.

Fischer J, Ray D, Kleemann H, Pahner P, Schwarze M, Koerner C, et al. Density of states determination in organic donor-acceptor blend layers

enabled by molecular doping. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. 2015 Jun 28;117(24).

95.

Fischer J, Tress W, Kleemann H, Widmer J, Leo K, Riede M. Exploiting diffusion currents at Ohmic contacts for trap characterization in organic

semiconductors. ORGANIC ELECTRONICS. 2014 Oct;15(10):2428–32.

96.

Fischer J, Widmer J, Kleemann H, Tress W, Koerner C, Riede M, et al. A charge carrier transport model for donor-acceptor blend layers. JOURNAL

OF APPLIED PHYSICS. 2015 Jan 28;117(4).

97.

Fitzner R, Elschner C, Weil M, Uhrich C, Koerner C, Riede M, et al. Interrelation between Crystal Packing and Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cell

Performance. ADVANCED MATERIALS. 2012 Feb 2;24(5, SI):675+.

98.

Fitzner R, Mena-Osteritz E, Mishra A, Schulz G, Reinold E, Weil M, et al. Correlation of pi-Conjugated Oligomer Structure with Film Morphology

and Organic Solar Cell Performance. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. 2012 Jul 11;134(27):11064–7.

99.

Fitzner R, Reinold E, Mishra A, Mena-Osteritz E, Ziehlke H, Koerner C, et al. Dicyanovinyl-Substituted Oligothiophenes: Structure-Property

Relationships and Application in Vacuum-Processed Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS. 2011 Mar

8;21(5):897–910.

100.

Franke M, Slowik I, Paschew G, Merkel U, Froeb H, Leo K, et al. Electrically tunable, optical microcavity based on metallized and ultra-soft PDMS

gel. In: BarCohen, Y and Vidal, F, editor. ELECTROACTIVE POLYMER ACTUATORS AND DEVICES (EAPAD) 2016. SPIE; Polytec Inc; OZ Opt Ltd; APS

Dynam Inc; TA Electroforce Corp, ElectroForce Syst Grp; Inst Phys; Amer Elements; 2016. (Proceedings of SPIE; vol. 9798).

101.

Franke M, Slowik I, Mehner PJ, Paschew G, Voigt A, Froeb H, et al. Electrically Tunable Dye Emission via Microcavity Integrated PDMS Gel Actuator.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES. 2017 Aug 30;9(34):29193–202.

102.

Freitag P, Zakhidov AA, Luessem B, Zakhidov AA, Leo K. Lambertian white top-emitting organic light emitting device with carbon nanotube

cathode. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. 2012 Dec 1;112(11).

103.

Freitag P, Reineke S, Olthof S, Furno M, Luessem B, Leo K. White top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes with forward directed emission and

high color quality. ORGANIC ELECTRONICS. 2010 Oct;11(10):1676–82.

104.

Fritz T, Hoffmann M, Schmitz-Huebsch T, Leo K. Heteroepitaxially Grown Overlayers of PTCDA on Au(111) Surfaces: Structural and Fluorescence

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Nehm F, Mueller-Meskamp L, Klumbies H, Leo K. Note: Inhibiting bottleneck corrosion in electrical calcium tests for ultra-barrier measurements.

REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS. 2015 Dec;86(12).

412.

Nehm F, Dollinger F, Fahlteich J, Klumbies H, Leo K, Mueller-Meskamp L. Importance of Interface Diffusion and Climate in Defect Dominated

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413.

Nehm F, Dollinger F, Klumbies H, Mueller-Meskamp L, Leo K, Singh A, et al. Atomic layer deposited TiOx/AlOx nanolaminates as moisture barriers

for organic devices. ORGANIC ELECTRONICS. 2016 Nov;38:84–8.

414.

Nehm F, Klumbies H, Richter C, Singh A, Schroeder U, Mikolajick T, et al. Breakdown and Protection of ALD Moisture Barrier Thin Films. ACS

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Nehm F, Pfeiffelmann T, Dollinger F, Mueller-Meskamp L, Leo K. Influence of aging climate and cathode adhesion on organic solar cell stability.

SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS. 2017 Aug;168:1–7.

416.

Nehm F, Schubert S, Mueller-Meskamp L, Leo K. Observation of feature ripening inversion effect at the percolation threshold for the growth of

thin silver films. THIN SOLID FILMS. 2014 Apr 1;556:381–4.

417.

Neyts K, Marescaux M, Nieto AU, Elschner A, Loevenich W, Fehse K, et al. Inhomogeneous luminance in organic light emitting diodes related to

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Nicht S, Kleemann H, Fischer A, Leo K, Luessem B. Functionalized p-dopants as self-assembled monolayers for enhanced charge carrier injection

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419.

Niggemann M, Riede M, Gombert A, Leo K. Light trapping in organic solar cells. PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS

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420.

Nollau A, Hoffmann M, Floreck K, Fritz T, Leo K. A simple measurement of the absolute internal quantum efficiency of thin organic films.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. 2000 Jun 1;87(11):7802–4.

421.

Nollau A, Hoffmann M, Fritz T, Leo K. Dissociation of excitons in organic dye layers of perylene derivatives. THIN SOLID FILMS. 2000 Jun

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422.

Nollau A, Pfeiffer M, Fritz T, Leo K. Controlled n-type doping of a molecular organic semiconductor: Naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride

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Nyman M, Sandberg OJ, Dahlstrom S, Spoltore D, Koerner C, Zhang Y, et al. Doping-induced carrier profiles in organic semiconductors

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424.

Olthof S, Meerheim R, Schober M, Leo K. Energy level alignment at the interfaces in a multilayer organic light-emitting diode structure. PHYSICAL

REVIEW B. 2009 Jun;79(24).

425.

Olthof S, Meiss J, Luessem B, Riede MK, Leo K. Photoelectron spectroscopy investigation of thin metal films employed as top contacts in

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426.

Olthof S, Tress W, Meerheim R, Luessem B, Leo K. Photoelectron spectroscopy study of systematically varied doping concentrations in an organic

semiconductor layer using a molecular p-dopant. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. 2009 Nov 15;106(10).

427.

Olthof S, Timmreck R, Riede M, Leo K. Photoelectron spectroscopy investigations of recombination contacts for tandem organic solar cells.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS. 2012 Mar 12;100(11).

428.

Ortmann F, Radke KS, Guenther A, Kasemann D, Leo K, Cuniberti G. Materials Meets Concepts in Molecule-Based Electronics. ADVANCED

FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS. 2015 Apr 1;25(13, SI):1933–54.

429.

Pahner P, Kleemann H, Burtone L, Tietze ML, Fischer J, Leo K, et al. Pentacene Schottky diodes studied by impedance spectroscopy: Doping

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430.

Park Y, Berger J, Tang Z, Mueller-Meskamp L, Lasagni AF, Vandewal K, et al. Flexible, light trapping substrates for organic photovoltaics. APPLIED

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Park Y, Berger J, Will P-A, Soldera M, Glatz B, Mueller-Meskamp L, et al. Light trapping for flexible organic photovoltaics. In: Kafafi, ZH and Lane,

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Park Y, Bormann L, Mueller-Meskamp L, Vandewal K, Leo K. Efficient flexible organic photovoltaics using silver nanowires and polymer based

transparent electrodes. ORGANIC ELECTRONICS. 2016 Sep;36:68–72.

433.

Park Y, Mueller-Meskamp L, Vandewal K, Leo K. PEDOT:PSS with embedded TiO2 nanoparticles as light trapping electrode for organic

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434.

Park Y, Nehm F, Mueller-Meskamp L, Vandewal K, Leo K. Optical display film as flexible and light trapping substrate for organic photovoltaics.

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435.

Park Y, Vandewal K, Leo K. Optical In-Coupling in Organic Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS. 2018 Oct 16;2(10).

436.

Perumal A, Froebel M, Gorantla S, Gemming T, Luessem B, Eckert J, et al. Novel Approach for Alternating Current (AC)-Driven Organic Light-

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437.

Perumal A, Luessem B, Leo K. High brightness alternating current electroluminescence with organic light emitting material. APPLIED PHYSICS

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438.

Perumal A, Luessem B, Leo K. Ultra-bright alternating current organic electroluminescence. ORGANIC ELECTRONICS. 2012 Sep;13(9):1589–93.

439.

Pfeiffer M, Beyer A, Fritz T, Leo K. Controlled doping of phthalocyanine layers by cosublimation with acceptor molecules: A systematic Seebeck

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440.

Pfeiffer M, Beyer A, Fritz T, Leo K. Controlled doping of phthalocyanine layers by cosublimation with acceptor molecules: A systematic seebeck

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441.

Pfeiffer M, Beyer A, Plonnigs B, Nollau A, Fritz T, Leo K, et al. Controlled p-doping of pigment layers by cosublimation: Basic mechanisms and

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442.

Pfeiffer M, Forrest S, Leo K, Thompson M. Electrophosphorescent p-i-n organic light-emitting devices for very-high-efficiency flat-panel displays.

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443.

Pfeiffer M, Forrest S, Zhou X, Leo K. A low drive voltage, transparent, metal-free n-i-p electrophosphorescent light emitting diode. ORGANIC

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444.

Pfeiffer M, Leo K, Karl N. Fermi level determination in organic thin films by the Kelvin probe method. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. 1996 Dec

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445.

Pfeiffer M, Leo K, Zhou X, Huang J, Hofmann M, Werner A, et al. Doped organic semiconductors: Physics and application in light emitting diodes.

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446.

Pfuetzner S, Meiss J, Petrich A, Riede M, Leo K. Improved bulk heterojunction organic solar cells employing C70 fullerenes. APPLIED PHYSICS

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447.

Pfuetzner S, Meiss J, Petrich A, Riede M, Leo K. Thick C-60:ZnPc bulk heterojunction solar cells with improved performance by film deposition on

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448.

Pfuetzner S, Mickel C, Jankowski J, Hein M, Meiss J, Schuenemann C, et al. The influence of substrate heating on morphology and layer growth in

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450.

Polander LE, Pahner P, Schwarze M, Saalfrank M, Koerner C, Leo K. Hole-transport material variation in fully vacuum deposited perovskite solar

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451.

POLLAND H, LEO K, PLOOG K, FELDMANN J, PETER G, GOBEL E, et al. HOT CARRIER TRAPPING IN GAAS/ALGAAS SINGLE QUANTUM WELLS WITH

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453.

Proehl H, Nitsche R, Dienel T, Leo K, Fritz T. In situ differential reflectance spectroscopy of thin crystalline films of PTCDA on different substrates.

PHYSICAL REVIEW B. 2005 Apr;71(16).

454.

Proehl H, Toerker M, Sellam F, Fritz T, Leo K, Simpson C, et al. Comparison of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling

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455.

Puech K, Frob H, Hoffman M, Leo K. Luminescence of ultrathin organic films: Transition from monomer to excimer emission. OPTICS LETTERS.

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456.

Puech K, Frob H, Leo K. Excimer dynamics in ultrathin organic films. JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE. 1997 Jun;72–4:524–5.

457.

Puech K, Zott S, Leo K, Ruckh M, Schock H. Determination of minority carrier lifetimes in CuInSe2 thin films. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS. 1996 Nov

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458.

Radke KS, Scholz R, Ortmann F, Leo K, Cuniberti G. Dynamic Effects on the Charge Transport in an Organic Near-Infrared Absorber Material.

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459.

Rathgeber S, Leo K, Thurn-Albrecht T. Organic Photovoltaics: from Single Molecules to Devices (SYOP) held during the PG Spring Meeting 2009 of

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460.

Ray D, Burtone L, Leo K, Riede M. Detection of trap charge in small molecular organic bulk heterojunction solar cells. PHYSICAL REVIEW B. 2010

Sep 7;82(12).

461.

Ray D, Furno M, Siebert-Henze E, Leo K, Riede M. Quantitative estimation of electronic quality of zinc phthalocyanine thin films. PHYSICAL

REVIEW B. 2011 Aug 15;84(7).

462.

Rebohle L, Tyschenko I, Frob H, Leo K, Yankov R, vonBorany J, et al. Blue and violet photoluminescence from high-dose Si+- and Ge+-implanted

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Rebohle L, von Borany J, Grotzschel R, Markwitz A, Schmidt B, Tyschenko I, et al. Strong blue and violet photo- and electroluminescence from Ge-

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Rebohle L, vonBorany J, Yankov R, Skorupa W, Tyschenko I, Frob H, et al. Strong blue and violet photoluminescence and electroluminescence

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465.

Reineke S, Lindner F, Huang Q, Schwartz G, Walzer K, Leo K. Measuring carrier mobility in conventional multilayer organic light emitting devices

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Reineke S, Lindner F, Schwartz G, Seidler N, Walzer K, Luessem B, et al. White organic light-emitting diodes with fluorescent tube efficiency.

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Reineke S, Rosenow TC, Luessem B, Leo K. Improved High-Brightness Efficiency of Phosphorescent Organic LEDs Comprising Emitter Molecules

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468.

Reineke S, Schwartz G, Walzer K, Leo K. Reduced efficiency roll-off in phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes by suppression of triplet-

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469.

Reineke S, Schwartz G, Walzer K, Leo K. Direct observation of host-guest triplet-triplet annihilation in phosphorescent solid mixed films. PHYSICA

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470.

Reineke S, Schwartz G, Walzer K, Falke M, Leo K. Highly phosphorescent organic mixed films: The effect of aggregation on triplet-triplet

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Reineke S, Thomschke M, Luessem B, Leo K. White organic light-emitting diodes: Status and perspective. REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS. 2013 Jul

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Reineke S, Walzer K, Leo K. Triplet-exciton quenching in organic phosphorescent light-emitting diodes with Ir-based emitters. PHYSICAL REVIEW

B. 2007 Mar;75(12).

473.

Reineker P, Hoffmann M, Leo K. Proceedings of the 325th Wilhelm and Else Heraeus Workshop on Organic Molecular Solids: Excited electronic

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475.

Riede M, Mueller T, Tress W, Schueppel R, Leo K. Small-molecule solar cells - status and perspectives. NANOTECHNOLOGY. 2008 Oct 22;19(42).

476.

Riede MK, Mueller T, Maennig B, Leo K, Sylvester-Hvid KO, Zimmermann B, et al. Comment on “Roles of donor and acceptor nanodomains in 6%

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Riede M, Uhrich C, Widmer J, Timmreck R, Wynands D, Schwartz G, et al. Efficient Organic Tandem Solar Cells based on Small Molecules.

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478.

Rosam B, Leo K, Gluck M, Keck F, Korsch H, Zimmer F, et al. Lifetime of Wannier-Stark states in semiconductor superlattices under strong Zener

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479.

Rosam B, Leo K, Yang L, Dignam M. Terahertz generation by difference-frequency mixing of exciton Wannier-Stark ladder states in biased

semiconductor superlattices. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS. 2004 Nov 15;85(20):4612–4.

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Rosam B, Loser F, Lyssenko V, Leo K, Glutsch S, Bechstedt F, et al. Field-induced delocalization and Zener breakdown in semiconductor

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Rosam B, Meinhold D, Loser F, Lyssenko V, Leo K, Glutsch S, et al. Field-induced delocalization and Zener breakdown in semiconductor

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Rosam B, Meinhold D, Loser F, Lyssenko V, Glutsch S, Bechstedt F, et al. Field-induced delocalization and Zener breakdown in semiconductor

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Rosenow TC, Furno M, Reineke S, Olthof S, Luessem B, Leo K. Highly efficient white organic light-emitting diodes based on fluorescent blue

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484.

Rosenow TC, Walzer K, Leo K. Near-infrared organic light emitting diodes based on heavy metal phthalocyanines. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS.

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Sachse C, Mueller-Meskamp L, Bormann L, Kim YH, Lehnert F, Philipp A, et al. Transparent, dip-coated silver nanowire electrodes for small

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Sachse C, Weiss N, Gaponik N, Mueller-Meskamp L, Eychmueller A, Leo K. ITO-Free, Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells on Spray-Coated Copper-

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Schellhammer KS, Li T-Y, Zeika O, Koerner C, Leo K, Ortmann F, et al. Tuning Near-Infrared Absorbing Donor Materials: A Study of Electronic,

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Schmitz-Hubsch T, Fritz T, Staub R, Back A, Armstrong N, Leo K. Structure of 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride grown on

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SchmitzHubsch T, Fritz T, Sellam F, Staub R, Leo K. Epitaxial growth of 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride on Au(111): A STM and

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Schober M, Olthof S, Furno M, Luessem B, Leo K. Single carrier devices with electrical doped layers for the characterization of charge-carrier

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Scholz R, Luschtinetz R, Seifert G, Jaegeler-Hoheisel T, Koerner C, Leo K, et al. Quantifying charge transfer energies at donor-acceptor interfaces

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Scholz S, Corten C, Walzer K, Kuckling D, Leo K. Photochemical reactions in organic semiconductor thin films. ORGANIC ELECTRONICS. 2007

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Scholz S, Huang Q, Thomschke M, Olthof S, Sebastian P, Walzer K, et al. Self-doping and partial oxidation of metal-on-organic interfaces for

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Scholz S, Kondakov D, Lussem B, Leo K. Degradation Mechanisms and Reactions in Organic Light-Emitting Devices. CHEMICAL REVIEWS. 2015

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506.

Scholz S, Luessem B, Leo K. Chemical changes on the green emitter tris(8-hydroxy-quinolinato)aluminum during device aging of p-i-n-structured

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507.

Scholz S, Meerheim R, Luessem B, Leo K. Laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: A predictive tool for the lifetime of

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Scholz S, Walzer K, Leo K. Analysis of Complete Organic Semiconductor Devices by Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass

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Schrader M, Fitzner R, Hein M, Elschner C, Baumeier B, Leo K, et al. Comparative Study of Microscopic Charge Dynamics in Crystalline Acceptor-

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Schubert S, Klumbies H, Mueller-Meskamp L, Leo K. Electrical calcium test for moisture barrier evaluation for organic devices. REVIEW OF

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Schubert S, Hermenau M, Meiss J, Mueller-Meskamp L, Leo K. Oxide Sandwiched Metal Thin-Film Electrodes for Long-Term Stable Organic Solar

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Schubert S, Kim YH, Menke T, Fischer A, Timmreck R, Mueller-Meskamp L, et al. Highly doped fullerene C60 thin films as transparent stand alone

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Schubert S, Meiss J, Mueller-Meskamp L, Leo K. Improvement of Transparent Metal Top Electrodes for Organic Solar Cells by Introducing a High

Surface Energy Seed Layer. ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS. 2013 Apr;3(4):438–43.

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Schubert S, Mueller-Meskamp L, Leo K. Unusually High Optical Transmission in Ca:Ag Blend Films: High-Performance Top Electrodes for Efficient

Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS. 2014 Nov 12;24(42):6668–76.

515.

Schubert S, Schmidt F, von Wenckstern H, Grundmann M, Leo K, Mueller-Meskamp L. Eclipse Pulsed Laser Deposition for Damage-Free

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516.

Schuenemann C, Elschner C, Levin AA, Levichkova M, Leo K, Riede M. Zinc phthalocyanine - Influence of substrate temperature, film thickness,

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Schuenemann C, Petrich A, Schulze R, Wynands D, Meiss J, Hein MP, et al. Diindenoperylene derivatives: A model to investigate the path from

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Schuenemann C, Wynands D, Eichhorn K-J, Stamm M, Leo K, Riede M. Evaluation and Control of the Orientation of Small Molecules for Strongly

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Schuenemann C, Wynands D, Wilde L, Hein MP, Pfuetzner S, Elschner C, et al. Phase separation analysis of bulk heterojunctions in small-

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Schueppel R, Schmidt K, Uhrich C, Schulze K, Wynands D, Bredas JL, et al. Optimizing organic photovoltaics using tailored heterojunctions: A

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