PRODUCTION OF OLEO-RESIN FROM TROPICAL PINE TREES

PRODUCTION OF OLEO-RESIN FROM TROPICAL PINE TREESPRESENTED BY:KOECH LUKA CPE/1060/07

KIBET ABRAHAM CPE/35/08SUPERVISOR

DR. MENZWA

Resin form an important group of woody and non woody forest products, from tropical pine trees. Resin are present in the intercellular space (ducts or cavities) of the plant parts. Resin formation may be pathological response of the plant to protect the injured part by sealing the region to prevent water loss and infection.

INTRODUCTIONResin quality is dependent on;-Type of pine tree Geographical location of the trees, Season of tree harvesting.

INTRODUCTION CONTProduction of natural rosin and turpentine.Utilization of arid and semi arid areas.

INTRODUCTION CONTobjectivesPoor soil, drought and hostile environmental conditions promote the production of resin. Availability of land in arid and semi arid areas.

INTRODUCTION CONTjustificationPines are evergreen, coniferous resinous tree growing up to 3-80 meters tall with majority of species reaching 15-45metres tall. pine tree of pinaceae family is used for tapping.Pines are tapped for resin production because they have a well developed preformed resin ducts system.INTRODUCTION CONTP. patula which is widely planted in Africa gives a very poor quality resin and low yield, P. radiata produces the best quality turpentine in the world, but resin yields are poorer. P. elliottii, produces good quality rosin and high yields . INTRODUCTION CONTspecies of pineDoes well in a range of soils from deep sand to clay with an altitude of 1800-2700 metres above sea level and rainfall of 1100-2000 mm.Parts of pineBarkLeavesCones

INTRODUCTION CONTUses of pine- Source of timber and wood pulp.- Source of resin which is distilled to produce turpentine.-Pines are also for aesthetic purposes e.g for Christmas trees and decorations.The cambium is edible and very high in vitamins A and C.

INTRODUCTION CONTTurpentine - is a organic compound mainly made of terpenes (alpha and beta pinene). -used as solvents in paint industry.INTRODUCTION CONTPhysical propertiesColorless liquid with characteristic odour.Boiling point (149-180)c.Melting point -50 to -60 c.Relative density 0.9.Solubility in water- none.Flash point 30- 46 c.Explosive limits vol% in air 0.8-6.

INTRODUCTION CONTProperties of turpentine

Chemical propertiesBurns in air to form toxic fumes eg carbon monoxideDecompose slowly under the influence of air and light . This produces oxidation products that are more toxic or irritating than turpentine itself .Reacts violently with oxidants halogens, combustible substance and mineral acids.Attacks plastic and rubber

INTRODUCTION CONT Properties of turpentine

is a brittle and friable. It is typically a glassy solid, though some form crystals.Consists of mainly abietic acid combines with caustic alkalis to form salts(rosinates or pinates) that are known as rosin soaps.used in the manufacture of adhesives, paper sizing agents, printing inks, solders and fluxes.INTRODUCTION CONT Rosin

Physical and chemicals propertiesYellowish ,opaque and sticky mass Odour characteristicSoftening point(70-80)c.Acid number 160-170Water solubility insoluble

INTRODUCTION CONT Properties of Rosin

INTRODUCTION CONT PROCESS DESCRIPTION

15The mass balance of the equipment is done to be able to know the amount of each component at the end of each process. For the law of conservation to prevail: Mass in - Mass out+ Generation mass consumed = AccumulationKenya produces 2% of worlds production.Feed mass flow rate is 6600kg/day.

MASS BALANCEIntroductionMASS BALANCE Cont

MASS BALANCE Cont

MASS BALANCE Cont

MASS BALANCE Cont

The energy balance of the following selected equipments is done to approximate the amount of energy needed for the different equipments. The energy balance is carried out ensuring that there is no loss of energy or that no energy is destroyed. This is the law of conservation of energy.ENERGY BALANCE IntroductionENERGY BALANCE Cont

ENERGY BALANCE Cont

ENERGY BALANCE Cont

ENERGY BALANCE Cont

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