ASSIGNMENTPRODucTION ENGINEERING 2StudentNameID Chico Horacio sambo 1!"#aridRamantian Produced Oi$ Treatment Introduction Manyoil andgascompaniesarefacingseriousproblemswhendeal withproduced oiltreatment . Thisis becauseof the complexity of this process , Asitinvolvesmanystepsbeforethefinal stage. Thecrudeoil compositionisunpredictableeachpetroleumreservoir hasitsspecificcomposition. Thisassignment isfullydevoted in explore all thevesselsand equipmentinvolved incrudeoil treatment, startingwithfreewater knockout , Gunbarrel , heaters,stabiliation and the mechanism in which thesalt, gas andbrineisremovedfromoil.!ven After hydration ,mostof thethecasesthe oilstill unableto satisfy thecontract specifications because of the presence of brine inside ."or this reason, thearticleisentitledtodiscussdesaltingmethodandprocessestobetakeninconsiderationtoattain the required oil specifications.1% #ree &ater 'noc( Out )#&'O*FreeWaterKnockOutsavertca orhorzonta separatorsthataremany used to remove any free water that can cause probems such ascorroson andformaton of hydrates or tght emusons whch aredmcut to break. It can ony be used on streams where the uds extsseparatey and not as emuson. FWKO s ocated n the producton owpath where turbuence has been mnmzed. The degree of separatonacheved depends on retenton tme, densty dherenta of ud,temperature of owng uds, water drop sze dstrbuton and emusoncharacterstcs .FWKO usuay operates at 50 psg or 345 kPa or essduetotheocatonof vessesntheprocessowstream. Toavodcorroson, nternasshoudbecoatedorprotectedastsawaysncontact wth sat water#i+ure 1 , Sho-s cross section o. #ree &ater 'noc( Out )#&'O*2% Gunbarre$ Tan( -ith Gas /ootA gun barre tank whch sometmes caed wash tank s a vertca ow treaterocatedn anatmospherc tank. It s theodest machnery usedn aconventona gatherng statonfor mut-we onshore o treatng and scommony used n heavy crude appcaton. Gunbarre hasan nterna gas separatng chamber or caed gas bootover thetop of the tank where the gas s separated and vented, whch sze extendngfrom 6 to 12 ft. A varaton of a gunbarre s a wash tank wth an externa gasboot. Ths conguraton s favored on arger tanks whch s commony n 60000barre range. Gunbarre typcayusedtobenargerdameterthanvertcaheater-treater. Most gunbarresare unheated even though t s vabeto provde heat by nstang heatng cos n the tank, heatng the ncomngstream externa to the tank or crcuatng the water to an externa or |ugheater n a cosed oop. #i+ure "%Sho-s Gun barre$ Tan(s -ith Gas /oot"% HeatersHeaters are the vesses used to ncrease the temperature of the qud beforetentersagunbarre, washtankorhorzonta owtreater. Therearetwotypes of heaters that are commony used n upstream operatons whch arendrect and drect red heaters."%1 Indirect #ired HeaterIndrect heater mantans a constant temperature over a ong perod oftme and safer than the drect heater. when the amountofcacumcontroed the hot spots unkey to happen . The heaters requrecoupe of hours to reach the desred temperature after they are ofactveperod , thss a prmary dsadvantageof thsequpment .#i+ure "% Hori0onta$ Indirect #ired Heater"%2 Direct #ired HeaterDrect heater s quck to reach the desred temperature whch oher areasonabe nta cost wth emcency of 75-90%. Drect red heater scommony used where fue gas s avaabe and hgh voume otreatng s requred. Thehazardouscharacterstc make them esspreferabe as they need speca safety measures . Scae can begeneratedoncrudeo sdewthretubethatpreventheatertransfer toward theemuson o. Heat traps n the meta wa undercondton that turn the meta to eastcand frage. Ths meta usuayaow produced o tomove nto the re box, whch resuts n a re. Thebaze whch resuted from re f not extngushed, w mantaned bythenewcomng produced o .#i+ure ! , Hori0onta$ Direct #ired HeaterDe+assin+ #egassing istheprocessof removinggas fromcrude oil . Degassng s bascayperformed to attan optmum performanceof crude o. It stabzes crudeo pror toany subsequent Treater ( Schumberger ,2010 ). Ths susuaydone through an Eectrostatc Treater or even upstream separate vesse.Themandea oftakngout the gasfrom osbecausethe presenceof otendsto causeprobemfor somemeterng system . To avodthscatastrophethedegassngsystemhas beenntroducedtotheotreatmentsystemasoneof themost mportant step . #i+ure 1 ,Crudeoi$ de+assin+ unit221!*Deh3drationThemanconceptbehnd ths method of o treatments thatdropetofbrne w be excted by any gven eectrcaednsdeofophase .Thus, turn on a coson wth other dropets and coaesce nto argerbubbewth subsequent separaton due to gravty. The od EectrostatcCoaescersuse(2)horzonta grds connected toan AC suppy (progroup,2014). Wth emuson move upwards by sma chan to the grds. Thebrne coaesces and ows downwards, whst the cean o eaves va the topof the vesse. Dstrbutors are used to ensure even pug ow up the vesseand grds. The two grd system s wdey commonyused,But more recentand enhanced Low Sat Treaters dstrbuted aover the word (prosep ,2015) #i+ure , Deh3drations3stemunit DESA4TING Deep understandng of sat content n o s very mportant for any otreatment factyast may damage the renerequpment.Forths reason,someresearchershas proposed the mnmucontentof satno .Theacceptabe rangeforsat content has beenspeced to be between 1-10PTB. Wthths specedrangewearenot abetoattanbydehydratonprocess. However ,wth the hep ofdesatng the probemw be soved(progressgroup, 2014). The presenceofDesater unt s tomnmze the satn o .Washwater susuay n|ected nto the crude ofeed to the Desater through a mxng devceforbrne duton up to a evewhere theacceptabesantycontent can bereachedby the downstreamDehydraton unt. In dmcut appcatons ths cean duton( wash water )can be reusednrecyced n a 2 stage dehydraton and desatng process.(Cameron , 2010) #i+ure 5 , crude oi$ desa$ter unitinsta$$ation %Re.erences1. http://www.processgroupnt.com/meda/downoads/B01_Crude_O_Treatment,_rev_4-2014.pdf2. http://www.gossary.oed.sb.com/3. http://www.ongasseparator.nfo/4. http://docsde.us/documents/4-chapter-1-crude-o-treatng-systems.htm5. https://books.googe.com.my/books?d=Byz4BxV0StAC&pg=PA2&pg=PA2&dq=FWKO+s+usuay+ocated+downstream&source=b&ots=|xd5LpfksZ&sg=ZzAE6sTZuBMz6g9FtZGy2rC3p0&h=en&sa=X&redr_esc=y#v=onepage&q=FWKO%20s%20usuay%20ocated%20downstream&f=fase6. Cameron ( 2010) %$AT%& !'!%T(&)#*$AM+% #esalted. All products andservices ltd..,. $atural (esources %anada $(% -May ./001, Canadian Crude Oil, Natural Gasand Petroleum Products: Review of 2009 & Outlook to 2030 -2#"1, &ttawa, &$3Government of %anada, p. 4, +56$ 4,7)0)0//)089:8)88. ;yne, $orman