PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT PROJECT

8/7/2019 PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT PROJECT

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PRODUCTION ANDOPERATIONS

MANAGEMENT PROJECT

JOB SHOP PRODUCTION

MADE BY

ABHAY GUPTA 8155 BBS 2 D

ACHINT GULATI 8165 BBS 2 D

PRIYAM AGARWAL 8175 BBS 2D


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Index

Table of Contents

Production Logistics 4

Classification of Manufacturing Systems 5

Production process 6

Job Production

What is job shop production 7

Case Study 1 (construction of a House) 10

Features of Job shop Production 14

Advantages of Job Shop production 15

Disadvantages of Job Shop Production 16

Comparison between different production processes 17

Bibliography 19


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Production Logistics

That part of logistics concerning research, design, development, manuf acture,

and processing of material. In consequence, production logistics includes:

standardization and interoperability, contracting, quality assurance, initial

provisioning, transportability, reliability and defect analysis, safety standards,

specifications and production processes, trials and testing (including provision

of necessary facilities), equipment documentation, configuration control, and

modifications.

The purpose of production logistics is to ensure that each machine and

workstation is being fed with the right product in the right quantity and quality

at the right point in time.

Need for Logistics in Production

A simple definition of production logistics is the management of material and

information flows in a production process, though the larger definition runs

much wider. Regardless of manual or automated work processes in your

production, you require a continuous flow and a strict control of the products

through each step.

Logistics help solve operational problems like

Products waiting to be processed which represent lost time Tied up capital Underutilization of machines Occupied floor space

Logistics helps in the following ways:

Management of material ensures that each machine and workstationisbeing fed with the right material in the right quantity and quality in the

right point in time.

Management of information flow streamlines and controls the flowthrough the value adding processes and eliminates non-value adding

ones.


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Management ofa p odu tionp o ess prov es the me s to achieveimprove productivity responsiveness and capital e iciency

Produ tionlogisti scan be applied in e isting as well as new plants

Classifi ationofManufacturing Systems

Type of

Production

IntermittentProduction

Job

Production

BatchProduction

ProjectProduction

ContinuousProduction

ProcessProduction

Mass & flowProduction


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PRODUCTION PROCESS

Job Production

Definition:Jobproduction means manufacturing ofproductsto meet

specific customerrequirementsofspecialorder.


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High technology jobs: High technology jobs involve much greater complexity -

and therefore present greater management challenge. The important

ingredient in high-technology job production is project management, or

project control. Examples of high technology / complex jobs include:

y Film productiony Large construction projects (e.g. like Bandra-Worli Sea Link.)y Installing new transport systems (e.g. Metro trains in Delhi & Mumbai.)

In this system products are made to satisfy a specific order. However that

order may be produced-

only once at irregular time intervals as and when new order arrives at regular time intervals to satisfy a continuous demand


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PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS

SYSTEM


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Example: Construction of a house

Vision Builders is a construction company located in Newyork, USA specializing

in construction of Row Houses and small bungalows. Vision Builders was

formed by her sister company Chris Architects Ltd of South Africa in the 2003

as an American Satellite Office. In such a short span of 6 years Vision Builders

has become renowned for its efficient working and quality services. The

construction process used by Vision Builders is given below:

The Process consists of Five Phases:

The Program Phase The Design Concept Phase The Design Development Phase The Interior Design Phase The Construction Phase.


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The Program Phase

In this phase the Vision Builders learns about the customers dreams, his ideas,

needs, life style, personal tastes, and the home site. In th is phase the Vision

Builders asks the client to provide:-

-The topographic survey of the home site, and other legal descriptions of it.

- A written statement which they call the Program which describes the ideas

about the new home, customers wants, needs, and their specifications for the

home.

- Photos and magazine clippings showing things customer likes or wishes tohave included in the home.

- A completed questionnaire about specifications of the home.

The Design Concept Phase

In this phase Vision Builders studies the entire information client has gathered

and develops their concepts about how all this can be put together with

foundation, walls, and roof and how this will co-relate with the site. In this

phase Vision Builders uses the creativity of its executives to make the concept

of a house that is according to the needs and wants of the customer and is

economically suited to the clients budget.


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The Design Development Phase

After studying the clients ideas and requirements about the house, VisionBuilders begins to design a blue print of the house. The company makes an

estimate of what will be the cost of making the house, the time required to

construct the house and gives the estimate to the client. If the blue print is

according to the clients requirements the interior design phase takes place, if

the client is not satisfied then the company makes another blue prin t to suit

the clients requirements.


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The Interior Design Phase

In this phase Vision Builders makes designs for the interior design of the house.

The interior design may also be given to a separate interior designer by the

client or Vision Builders uses its own interior designers.

If the client is satisfied by the interior design then the construction of the house

commences. If the client is not satisfied, then a new interior design is madeaccording to clients requirements.


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The Construction Phase

This is the final phase where the actual construction of the house starts. The

construction phase consists of various jobs such as ordering of inventories

(such as wooden logs, concrete, etc) leveling of the plot, installation of

machineries, etc. The construction stage is the most complicated stage

because even a minor mistake can change the shape and look of the house and

make the client unhappy. When the last job of construction is done the

possession of the house is handled over to the client and Compan y gets the

balance payment receivable from the client.

Features of job production system:

1. Machines and methods employed are of general purpose as productchanges are quite frequent.

2. Planning and control system are flexible enough to deal with thefrequent changes in product requirements.


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3. A permanent staff of highly skilled employees is necessary in order tomanufacture products of wide range as per the job orders collected.

4. Schedules are actually nonexistent in this system, as no definite data isavailable on the product.

5. In process inventory is usually high as accurate plans and schedules donot exist.

6. Product cost is normally high because of high material and labor costs.7. Large storage space and adequate extra machines in the machine

storerooms are required to meet customers requirements.

8. This system is very flexible as management has to manufacture varyingproduct types.

9. Material handling systems are also flexible to meet changing productrequirements.

Advantages of job production system:

1. Job production can change with an evolving market, which allows smallfirms to stay ahead of competitors.

2. A high level of customization is possible to meet the customer's exactrequirements.

3. As the work is concentrated on a specific unit, supervision andinspection of work is relatively simple therefore w ork is generally of a

high quality.


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4. Significant flexibility is possible, especially when compared to Massproduction.

5. Workers can be easily motivated due to the skilled nature of the workthey are performing.

6. Business is likely to be able to add value to the products and possiblycreate a unique selling point (USP), both of which should enable it to sell

at high prices.

Disadvantages of job production system:

1. Job production method is the most complex system of production andalso difficult to operate.

2. Raw material and work in- progress inventories are high due to unevenand irregular flow of work.

3. Material handling cost is high and large space is required.4. It involves high cost of production as it is labour intensive. This raises

costs to firms as the payment of wages and salaries is more expensive

than the costs of running machines.

5. It requires the use of specialist labour (compared with the repetitive,low-skilled jobs in mass production).

6. It is slow as compared to other methods (batch production and massproduction).

7. The lead times required to complete the order can be lengthy.


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8. Comprising all the costs of wages and salaries of labour, materialhandling costs and overall production cost, the selling costs may become

high.

9. A firm using job production method does not get the advantage ofEconomies of Scale.

Comparison between Mass Production, Job Production and Batch Production

Basis of

Comparison

Mass Production Job Production Batch Production

Meaning

Mass production

means production of

one or two standardproducts on a large

scale.

Job production

means manufacture

of products as perspecifications given

by the customer. It is

a special order

production.

Batch production

means production of

a number of identicalitems to meet a

specific order or to

satisfy continuous

market demand.

Method of

Production

Here, the flow of

materials is in a

straight line. All

facilities are

arranged as per thesequence of

operations.

Standardization is

the keynote of mass

production method.

Job production is the

manufacture of a

single complete unit

by an operator or a

group of operatives.It is providing goods

or services according

to the needs of the

customers.

In batch production,

the work content of

each unit is broken

into a number of

operations andoperations are divided

into groups for the

completion of work

group wise.

Flexibility

Mass production

method is highly

inflexible.

The job production

method using general

purpose machines is

more flexible.

Batch production is

more flexible than

Mass production

method but is less

flexible than Job

production method.

Capital

Investment

Huge capital

investment is

required due to the

duplication of

machineries.

The capital

investment required

differs from type of

job undertaken. For

e.g. a tailor

Low capital

investment is required

as compared to Mass

production and Job

production.


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undertaking stitching

job requires low

investment whereas

a road or dam

constructing

company requires

huge capital

investment.

Work in

Process

Inventories

Work in Process

Inventories is small

as output of one

process becomes

input of the next

process.

Raw materials and

work in process

inventories are high

due to the uneven

and irregular flow of

work.

Work in Process

Inventory is high and

large space is required

due to production of

more variety of

products.

Skilled/Unskilled

Workers

Unskilled or semi-skilled workers are

used as most of the

work is machine

based.

Highly skilled workersare required in a

large quantity as

production is highly

specialized.

Semi- skilled andSkilled workers are

required according to

the type of

production

undertaken.

Examples Products of mass

consumption such as

Colgate toothpaste,

Lux soaps, etc.

Smalls jobs such as

Tailoring or

hairdresser and Big

jobs such as

construction of a

house, dam or bridge

building, etc.

Clothing, bakery and

electrical goods.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

y WWW.GOOGLE.COMy WWW.ANSWERS.COMy WWW.MANAGEMENTNOTES.COMy WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM

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