Product Knowledge Workshop

8/8/2019 Product Knowledge Workshop

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Participant Expectations

What do you expect tolearn from this

w orkshop?


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Expectation setting

G eneric fabric kn ow ledg e Value Additions in fabric

manufacturing Denim


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Program Objective

Acquire product knowledge to

effectively

Use the knowledge to increasesales


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G eneric F abricKnow ledge


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Basic Concepts W hats a fib er?

S m allest part of a fabric H air-like substance F ibres are either found in

nature or m anm ade F ibres w hose length is

m easured in inches are calledstaple fibers


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Basic Concepts

A Filament All manmade fibres are

filaments


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Types of fibers

Types o ffibers

Man-MadeMade in factory

Natural FibersFoun d in nature

RegeneratedMix of cellulos e

+Chemicals


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Natural fibers O ccur in n ature O ldes t and o riginal bas e for fabrics Use of wool goes back over 4,000

years. O btained from

Plants: cotton, linen, jute,flax , ram ie, hemp

Animals: wool, silk etc. Minerals: asbestos etc


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Man-m ade fibers Made from c hem ical so lutions These have desired/ specific set of

properties based on their chemical

composi t ion Very recent - first commercial

prod uc tio n o f rayo n in 1910 Examples :

Nylon Polyester Acrylic etc


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C haracteristicsof fibers


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Natural F iber: Cotton

A bso rben t & Qu ick

drying Breathable Fair d rap e

Sum mer Fab ric Washable Dry-cleanable Comfortable and Long

lasting

BENEFITSFEATURES

Source :Cotton Plant


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Natural F iber: L inen

Absorbent & Quick

drying

G ood lus ter

Breathable

Tw ice as s t ron g as co t ton

C risp feel

Sum mer Fab ric Used as Evening

Wear Washable and Dry-

cleanable Comfortable

BENEFITSFEATURES

Source :Flax Plant


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Natural F iber: Ram ie

R edu ced p illing

Silk y luster

Resilience

Us ually b lended w ith o ther

fabrics

Even ing w ear Redu ced w rink ling Ho lds b od y shape

BENEFITSFEATURES

Source :Bast Plant


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Natural F iber: S ilk

E xc ellent luster Can be in soft or cr isp

hand feel Drapes w ell

Used as E vening Wear

Across types o f garments

E xcellent shine

BENEFITSFEATURES

Source :Silkworm


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Types of S ilk

Natural S ilkw orm s feed on m ulberry

leaves T riangular ,thin, lustrous

Tussa r W ild cultivated silk S ilkw orm s feed on oak or

cherry leaves B row n fiber produced is flat,

very non-uniform ,thicker less lustrous


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Types of S ilk

Dupion T wo silk worm s nes

together and form one cocoonm ade of double strand.

F ibers not separated and giva thick and thin appearance

Spun M ade of short fibers from

pierced cocoons, from thfirst and last part of thcocoon


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Natural F iber: Wool

Excellent insulation

property

G oo d resilience E asy to dye

Winter w ear

Natu rally w rink le-free

Available across co lou rs

BENEFITSFEATURES

Source :Animal hair


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Types of W ool

Cashmere From an As ian goat

E xtremely f ine and soft

Mohair From the Ango ra goat

Smo oth and s l ippery

High luster
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Canada_rocky_mountain_bighorn_sheep.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flock_of_sheep.jpg


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Synthetic F iber: Nylon,Polyester

L ightweight S trong G ood drapability A brasion resistant

L ighter on the body

Used for Outerwear

Used extensively for

sw im wear

BENEFITSFEATURES

Source :Chemicals


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Synthetic F iber:Lycra>>

Man-made fiber Retains shape o f garment Fashionable - body

hugg ing

Takes body sh ape

Durable

BENEFITSFEATURES

Source :Spandex

Spandex from Du pont called: Lycra


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Regenerated F iber:Rayon

Medium w eigh t Drapes w ell Highly abso rbent Dyes and pr ints w ell No static or piling

problems

Summ er wear

Soft to the bod y

BENEFITSFEATURES

Source :Cellulose + Chemicals


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Regenerated F iber:Polynosic

Man m ade fiber Drapes w ell E xcellent luster Breathable Can be dyed in br ight

colours

Summ er wear

Soft to the bod y

BENEFITSFEATURES

Source :Cellulose + Chemicals


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Regenerated F iber: T encel

Man-made fiber Ad ds sof tness Lux ur ious drape Breathable G ood absorbency

Summ er wear

Soft to the bod y

Evening wear

BENEFITSFEATURES

Source :Cellulose of Wood Pulp+ Chemicals


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High Perform anceFabrics


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High PerformanceF abrics


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Teflon K eeps fabrics look ing new er lon ger Innovative generation of stain

protection

Provide advanced stain protection forapparel, home furnishings, natural

leather, su ede More without changing the look

and feel of the products.


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Taslon New age Nylon Quick-dry T ear- and w eather-resistan t pro p erties Colorfast Machine w ashable Suitable for sportswear, wetsuits,

bags and camping tents


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WoolPolyester

Poly Wool

45%55%

Blending


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Blending

Mixing of two or more types of

fibers B lending is d on e by weigh t only To benef i t f rom unique

propert ies of each const i tuent

fiber Contr ibutes to the cost of the

garment


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C VC / C otton R ich : C hief value co t ton Terryco t/ Po lyco t : Po lyester : cotton Terryw oo l/ Po lyw o o l : Polyester : wo o l Po lyvisco se : Polyester : visc o se

.% o f first material > seco nd o r as

mentioned in the product descript ioncard

BlendingCommon B lends


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F iber to Fabric- ValueA ddition


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Fabric Raw cotton


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Fabric


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Spinning P rocess

Fibers are usually grouped and

twisted into a continuous

strand called yarn s Made by twisting fibers while

simultaneously pull ing or

drawing the f iber ou t

Did you kno w?

Th e first yarns pre-date recorded history

and w ere prob ably made in a cave accidentally


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Carding & Combing

Process o f making

co tton fibers into

lo ng leng ths o f fibers


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Value Addition: Cost

Why is com bed co t ton mo re expensive

than carded co t ton ?

Les ser im pu rities Longer fibers (shorter ones are

eliminated)

Combing an addi t ional processafter carding, therefore adds tothe cos t


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Benefits of C ombed Yarn

Fabric lo o ks bet ter Feels smoother

Is s t ronger


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Yarn

Ply 2 or more single yarns

tw isted together 2 X 2

2 ply yarn in both w arp &w eft

2 X 1 2 ply in w arp & singles in

w eft


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Benefits of P lying

Stronger Durability enhanced

Su rface lo o k & feel improves Reduced tend ency to pill


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Value Addition: P lying

Ply yarns requ ire: B etter fiber M ore labor S pecial machinery hence m or

expensive


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Count in W oven Us ed to express relation sh ip between

un it leng th and w eigh t of yarns The yarn count is inversely

prop ort ion al to w eigh t E.g.

A 50s count spun yarn has

two times more weight(thickness) than a 100s count

yarn Metho d o f exp ressing

50/1 or 50 s yarn 60/2 - two ply 60 s yarn


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Count: C otton T ypes

Cambric A lightw eight cotton cloth

used as fabric for lace and

needlew ork. C ambric, also known as

batist in a large part of thw orld

Drill M edium weight tw ill cotton

fabric


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Types of F abric

T ypes O fFabrics

Woven Knits N onw ovens


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W oven Fabrics


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Fabric-W ovens

Yarn on 2 s ides of

Fabric W arp (V ertical)

W eft (Horizontal)


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Fabric-W ovens

E PI( E nd s p er Inch )

Number of warps per inch

PP I(Picks per In ch )

Number of wefts per inch

Imp act the finen ess of the fabric

Directly proportional relationship


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Fabric-W eaves

The mos t commonly used

weaves P lain w eave M atte w eave F il-a-fil C hambray T will weave


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Plain W eave

Firm and du rable Interlacement of yarns is very

high hence, resists snagging

and pu lling


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Matte W eave

A ls o k n o w n as B A S K E T W E A V E

Variatio n o f plain w eave Uses doubled yarn to produce a

basket l ike design on the face of the

fabric


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Twill Weave Creates a diagonal effect on the face of

the fab ric

Im po rtant features

C ompact S trong H eavy D urable U sed for work clothes, suiting

fabrics and dress fabrics

E xam ple; den im, gab ardine etc.


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Types of T will weave

Twill

Herringbone


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Twill: Chino/ K hakis Chino/Khakis

L ightweight tw ill fabric O riginally used in British and

F rench m ilitary uniforms in them id-1800s, today it is also usedto m ake civilian clothingD id you know ?

C hino pants gained popularity in the U S in the 1950s after militarym en returning from the

Philippines after the S panish-A merican War brought back their cottonmilitary trousers.

These pants were originally m ade in C hina. "Chino" is the Spanish term for Chinese , hence the fabric and

these pants picked up the nam e.The first chinos sold in the U S w ere US Arm y m ilitary issuepants and in order to save fabric during W W I I era constraints,

they had no pleats and w ere tapered at the bottom of the leg.T he originally military pants w ere khaki in color.

T oday, chino pants in the U S are com monly referred to as "khakis",althou h b definition "chino is a t e of fabric and "khaki" is


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Satin W eave

Warpfloat


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Special w eaves


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Special Weave:P ile Weave Deco rative w eave Pile is formed by addit ional warp

interlaced to form loops on the surface

face of th e fabric Loops may be lef t uncut , or they may be

cut to expo se yarn ends and produ ce cu t

p ile fabric. E xam ple; co rduroy , velvet etc. Im po rtant features

S oft, absorbent


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Pile Weave


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Corduroy Wo rd us ed to d escribe a type of fabric that has

parallel, leng thw ise cord s o r ridges Derived from the French word for Cord of the

King. Originally made of cotton, the fibers of the

fabric are normally tw isted as they are wo ven. When the weaving is finished, the fibers create

the lon g, parallel co rduro y pattern Today, corduroy can st i l l be made from cotton

or any number of other fabricated fibers

including po lyester, rayon an d acrylic. The thickness of the corduroy cords provides

for a g enerally w arm m aterial Used for pants and jackets to be worn in

cold clim ates, but its durability alsomakes it good upholstery for chairs andsofas.


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Corduroy: Wales The width of a corduroy cord is

co mm on ly called the wale T h e wideness of the wale often

dictates the capacity in whichco rdu roy w ill be u sed

For instance, corduroy w ithnarrow wales is usually softerto the touch, slightly lessdurable and often used forshirts, jackets or caps.

Corduroy w ith wide wales iscommonly found on pants or

furniture.


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Moleskin & Corduroy Moleskin

Woven w itha tw illedweave toform a thickdense cloth

A cut napon one side.

Fabric isbrushed toform thenap

Corduroy I s longer

wearing,thanmoleskin

Bothhowever arerugged longlastingmaterialsprovidinggreatcom fort and


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Velvet / Velour Velvet is one in which the cut threads

are very evenly distributed, with ashort dense pile, giving it its distinctfeel

Made from any fiber Woven on a special loom

Velvet's k nitted c o un terpart is velour

Velvet was very expensive and wasconsidered to be among the luxurygo od s to gether w ith s i lk


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Popular Weaves


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Chambray

G ives two tone loo k

Us ed in : A ll types o f garments

H is to ry : N am ed after

Chambrai provincein France

C olour Warp Yarn

Wh ite Weft Yarn


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Fil a - F il

Gives two tonelook

Alternate C olour & W hite WarpYarn

Wh ite Weft Yarn


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Hounds tooth

Houndstooth

Weave : Houndstooth

Pattern lo ok s l ike the teeth o f a dog


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Oxford

Weave :Oxford

Matt feel fabric

O f two types :

- C lassic O xford ( Larger heads)

- Pin Po int O xford PPO (Sm all heads)

Us ed in :Shirts - ligh t weig hts

Trous ers - heavy weights

B en efit :H ard w earin g

H is to ry :P o pu larised in the US A asproper executive wear byB rooks B rothers

Classic PPO


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Chiffon Weave : C h iffo n Fine crinkly fabric made of Polyester

or Silk or any other fine yarn

Us ed in : Ladiesw ear

B en efit :L ig h t feel

Fu ll drape an d fall


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Popular Weave Weave : G eo rg ette Light crinkly fabric like chiffon made

of Polyester or Silk or any other fine

yarn

Us ed in :Ladiesw ear

B en efit :L ig h t feel

Fu ll drap e and fall


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Popular Weave Weave : C rep e A group of fabrics made up of yarns

w hich have been h igh ly twisted b efore

weaving Particular appearance considerable

suppleness Enormous number of variet ies of

crepe, including crepe de Chine,Moroc can crepe, crepe g eorgette.


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Popular Patterns


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Other patterns:Tartan/P laid

T artan / P laid A specific woven pattern that often

signifies a particular Scottish clanin the modern era

Pattern is m ade with alternatingbands of coloured (pre-dyed) threadswoven as both w arp and weft aright angles to each other

Distinctive pattern of squares andlines known as a sett. .

Kilts almost always have tartans Tartan is also known as plaid in

North America, but in Scotland this

word m eans a tartan cloth slung
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Three_tartans.jpg


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Gingham checks

G ing ham: Yarn dyed com bed or

carded cotton fabric woven in

checks, s tr ipes and plaids or

two or mo re colors Made fro m dyed co tton yarn


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Dobby

Motif over a fabricbase through extrayarns

Contains s imple

geometric forms ormotifs

Similar in principle toJacquard

Less complex designs

than Jacqu ard Less expensive as

com pared to Jacquard


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Jacquard Extra yarns for patterning within the

weave Contains very detailed, intricate

motifs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Jacquard.loom.hooks.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Jacquard.loom.cards.jpghttp://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=www.es-mall.com/Leather%2520Goods/wpe7.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.es-mall.com/Leather%2520Goods/leather_goods1.htm&h=427&w=300&sz=14&tbnid=QvWEqrvyVmQJ:&tbnh=120&tbnw=85&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dleather%2Bgoods%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=skt.comsats.net.pk/kipszer/glv.jpg&imgrefurl=http://skt.comsats.net.pk/kipszer/lgoods.htm&h=200&w=350&sz=17&tbnid=-1pFF0TeOAEJ:&tbnh=66&tbnw=115&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dleather%2Bgoods%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8


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Other w ovens


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Worsted Name of a yarn and cloth usually

made from w oo l The name derives from the vil lage of

Wo rstead [1]in No rfolk, E ng land The yarn is well twisted and spun of

long s taple wool ( though nowadaysalso medium and short f ibres areused).

Th e wo ol is co mb ed so that the fibreslie parallel

Th e cloth h as a hard, smo oth texture


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Khadi

A special type o f hand w oven cloth in Ind ia The raw materials may be cotton, si lk or wool,

which are spun into threads on a spinningw heel called a c harka

The spinning of khadi was Mahatma Gandhismain means of providing self employment tothe rural po pu lace o f Ind ia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Gandhisitting.jpg


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Seersucker A thin all-cotton fabric, commonly

striped Used to make clothing for summer

wear Wo ven w ith w rink les in i t O rig inally dev elo p ed in Ind ia Became popular in the American

south


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Flannel Usually made from either cotton or

w oo l and syn thetic fabric The term "flannel" is also often used

to refer d irectly to the c lo thing createdfro m the fabric

Clothing made from it is usually worn

in cold weather climates due to the

w armn ess that the fabric is k no w n for


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Gabardine Tough, t ight ly woven fabric used to

make s ui ts , overcoats and trou sers or

a garmen t mad e from the m aterial

Fibre used to make the fabric istraditionally worsted (a woolen yarn),

but may also be cot ton, synthet ic or

mixed.

Fabric is s mo oth o n o ne s ide and h asa diagonally ribbed surface on the

other


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Denim


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Denim : F its Straight-leg:

Cut to fit more snuggly to the leg fromhip to ankle. No flaring

B oot cu t: Wider at the bottom quarter of the leg to

allow for the pant to fit over boots A good pick for girls w ith larger hips,as it makes you look more proportionate

Low r ise: Offers a lower waist. A good pick for those with a shor

torso, as it offers the illusion of alonger midsection

Hipsters: Jeans rest on the hips instead of the

waist. Good pick for those with sm aller waists
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:BlueJeans.jpg


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Denim : F its Carpenter:

A style of jean that has many pocketsand flared legs from hip to ankle.

A good pick for those wanting to make astatem ent or show their style

Cargo: Similar to the Carpenter style w ithout the

widely-flared legs. A good pick for those wanting to hide

or add a little shape to skinny legs. Loo se Fi t:

Room ier in the seat and thigh to keepjeans from having the painted on look

Good pick for those with a sm aller wais

but larger bottom half


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Denim : F its Relaxed:

A looser fit all over. Offer a "relaxed" fit for casual

days or for when more room isneeded for activity.

Good pick for those who don'like tight-fitting jeans but stillwant a good, flattering fit

Flared: Wider and longer at the bottom

quarter of the leg

A good pick for shorter girls


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Denim : Patterns

Crosshatch: The fabric base of denim. Resembles a grid- like pattern in the denim

weave. Vintage:

A blast from the past. A vintage wash m akes the denim look worn and old.

Polished: Denim in its purest form w ithout any tints or blasts.

Frayed:


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Denim : Patterns

Whiskered: Blasts around the front fly provide the appearance of cat whiskers.

Distressed: Beat-up appearance may include raw edges and seam s, as w ell as

released hem s. Ring-spun:

Highlights the vertical pattern in the denim weave found at the base

of the fabric.


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Types of F abric

T ypes O fFabrics



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Courses

Knits Fabric made by one or

mo re threads dispos ed ina complex interlockingpattern

T hreads are draw nthrough previouslyform ed loops andthem selves form newloops

Wales
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Rundstrickmaschine_Zungennadeln.jpg


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Benefits of K nits

Knits are made by interlocking

the yarn K n its s tretch in all directio n s

T ake the shape of the body This contrasts w ith w oven

cloth , w hich o n ly stretchesacros s the bias


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Knit F abrics


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Knits

Terms G SM

G ram s per square m eter

M easures the w eight ofknitted fabric


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Jersey Also known as s ingle

knit Fabric has a definite

face and back Tend ency to curl a t the

edges Similar stretch

proper ty on both the

length and widthdirection

Used to make t-shirts,men s u nd erw ear etc .


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Rib-knit Distinct length-wise rib

effect on both s ides ofthe fabric

Does not curl a t the

edges Greater elasticity in their

w idth then leng th Used in sweater

waistbands, knit cuffs,knit hats, mens hosieryetc


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Purl-knit F abrics Loo k the same on both s ides of

the fabrics. Stretches in the lengthwise

direction Tends to l ie f la t and does not

curl at the edg es. Good elastici ty in the length

w ise d irection . Uses: infants wear, fancy

sweaters and fancy garments

parts.


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Interlock Knits Variatio n o f the rib kn it Smooth, s table and more

expensive.

Used for boluses, dresses, anddressy t-shirts


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Knitted Terry Lo op piles o n the fabric Knitted terry is softer, more

flexible and usually more

abso rben t than w o ven terry Uses :

robes, beachw ear, etc.


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Knitted V elour

Made in the same way as the

kn itted terry Loop pile on the fabric is cut

and then brus hed Velours have a soft , downy

su ede like textu re Uses :

dresses, pantsuits, etc.


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Miss S titch


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Tuck S titch


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Tricot Knit A warp knit fabric in which the fabric

is formed by interloping adjacentp arallel yarns.

Fabrics are porous and permeable to

w ater vapo r and air More com fortable

Less w eight So fter, w rin kle resistan t G oo d drapability Do no t run or fray

More stronger


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Fully F ashioned Knit

A dvantages of fully fashion ed Grains perfectly matched No cutting and sewing product is linked after being

knitted and engineered No unraveling and curling and

skewing

Patterns ach ieved u singfully fashion ed kn it


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Knitted FabricDesigns


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Knitted Designs

D o b b y Jacquard Pique

W affle K n its Feeder strip es A uto s t ripes E n g in eered s tripes / t ipp ed k nit R eversible two co lo ur Argyle Cable


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Pique

A honey combstructure on thesurface of thefabric

Very popularw ith T -sh irts
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phloem


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Auto

Stripes

Knitted Designs


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EngineeredStripes

Knitted Designs

Argyle

Cable


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Types of F abric

T ypes O fFabrics



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Non Woven F abrics

Fibers pasted tog ether by H eat / glue / pressure

Used as l inings, interlining andfilling s in jack ets


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Fiber to F abric-Value addition

D yeing & Printing


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Dyeing


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Dyeing

Is im p arting co lo ur to fab rics Tw o ways of im part ing color:

D yeing Use chemical dyes called

dyestuffs Treatment of fabric in water

solutions P igments

Microscopic- sized insolublecolored particles m ade toadhere to fabric


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Cost E xam ple

Example 1 Example 2Yarn Cotton Carded Yarn 10 Cotton Combed Yarn 12

Silk Yarn 20Blending All cotton 10 Cotton 40 4.8

Silk 60 1210 16.8

Dyeing Piece dyeing 10 Yarn dyeing 15

20 31.8


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Dyeing-T ypes

D ifferent po p ular class es o f d yes: VA T

M ainly dark but brighterhues

Sulphur D ark and dull hues

Reactive F ull range of colors


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Dyeing-M ethods

A fabric can be dyed in 3

d ifferent w ays: S tock and Top dyeing Y arn dyeing P iece dyeing


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Dyeing-M ethods

Stock and To p d yeing : H ere, the fibers are dyed

then they are spun intoyarns

I t is the most expensiveand effective dyeing process

Exam ple is woolens arestock dyed


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Dyeing-M ethods

Yarn dyeing : Here, the yarn

is dyed and

then it iswoven intofabric

Yarn dyeing isvery popular tomake stripes,checks andplaids

This dyeing isconsidered to


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Dyeing-M ethods

Piece dy eing : Here, the am oun

of fabric requiredin a particularcolour is dyed bydifferent methodsand then convertedinto garments

Most of the dyedfabrics in themarket are piecdyed


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Printing


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Printing

Dyeing in a localized patterned

design A design imprinted or s tamped

o n to th e fabric after it has been

kn it ted o r w o ven


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Printing-methods

Po pu lar pr int ing m etho ds : Sc reen p rin tin g B lo ck p rint ing

R o ller p rin tin g Heat tran sfer p rin tin g


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Printing-Methods

Screen p rinting: This process was

earlier done by handbut now machinesare used.

Screens are made insuch way that whereever the colour needsto be applied, they

space is left and theother areas arecovered

Then, colours areput on the screen.

Those areas where

h d


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Printing-Methods

B lock pr int ing : T his is an old method o

printing by hand H ere, the design is firs

carved out on blocks of w oodor metal T hen, the dye is applied on

the face of the block andpressed against the fabriw hich leaves the print on thfabric

Nowadays, block prints arused for decorative designsand are expensive

ii h d


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Printing-Methods

R o ller Printing : D esign put on copper

engraved rollers E nable printing of delicat

designs E.g. :C losely detailed paisley

prints S eparate engraved roller

required foe each colour M ore expensive

P ii M h d


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Printing-Methods

H eat-Tran sfer Printing : Design is firs

printed onpaper(called transferpaper) with printing

inks Passed through

heat transfermachine at a hightemperature

Used to move thedesign from onesurface to other

Transfer printing isgenerally used to

print figures,

P i T


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Prints-T ypes

Typ es o f prints D irect prin ts D isc h arg e p rin ts R esist prin ts

P i T


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Prints-T ypes

D irect Prin ts: An application print Design directly printed on a

white or dyed fabric How to recognise:

Background is w hite Printed design lighter in shade

on the back of the fabric

P it T


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Prints-T ypes

D isc harge P rint: Fabrics w hich are dyed to solid

colour prior to printing When printing is done, the

design is applied w ithscreen/roller with chemical whichremoves the color of the

P it T


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Prints-T ypes

D isc h arg e Prin t: E .g: a w hite polka dot on a

blue background can be m adfirst by dyeing the fabriblue, then printingappropriate dots w ith thchemical w hich rem oves thblue color.

C annot make discharge printsby heat transfer method

P it T


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Prints-T ypes

R esist Prin ts: I nvolve two step procedure:

Printing a pattern design ona white fabric with achemical that will preventpenetration of dyes

Piece dyeing the fabric R esist print include batik,

tie& dye etc.


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Wash es & Finish es

W shes


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Washes

Washes refer to finished

g arm ents treated w ith catalys ts

to g et th e req u ired effect

Usual ly done on 100% Cotton

or C ot ton b lends Normally Semiformal/casual

garments are wash ed

Washes -R easons for


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washing C han ge in fabric for:

S oftness/handle D rape

A bsorbency C reasing A ppearance

Luster Color Abrasion

C reate sh rink age and p uc kering

TypesofW ashes


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Types of W ashes

So ftener Wash : S implest type of wash D oes not use enzym es and is

not harsh on the garm ent Stone Wash:

U sed on trousers to get thfaded look

G arments are washed withstones in presence of specialenzym es

TypesofW ashes


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Types of W ashes

E nzyme Wash: This wash is

similar to stonewash in effect

I ts more popularand cheaper thanstone wash

The fabric/garmen

washed withenzym es so thathe enzymes eaaway the fabric,

dyeetc

Finishes


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Finishes

Finishes refer toprocesses/treatments a fabric is put

through after i t has been made and

dyed Main purpose To make the fabric

mo re su itable fo r its intend ed en d u se Might be given for aesthetic purposes

o r for func tion al pu rpo ses (referred toas a treatmen t)

TypesofF inishes


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Types of F inishes

Mercerisation: C hem ical finish D one only on cotton

I mparts luster and strength I t also enhances fabric hand

feel and drapability

TypesofF inishes


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Types of F inishes

Microsanding L ow er degree of emerising P hysical process and does

not involve chemicals G ives a sm ooth hand feel to

the fabric Peaching:

A stronger process obrushing the fabric usingfine wire brushes

TypesofF inishes


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Types of F inishes

Sand B last: J eans are blasted w ith sand

at a very high speed w ith a

sand gun T his results in uneven

fading of the jeans thagives it a used look

SpecialT reatments


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Special T reatments

W rin k le Free 100% cotton trousers w hich

are given a special chem ical

treatm ent. S uch trousers feel softer,

have enhanced breathability,

do not shrink or wrinkle P erfect for business m eetings

and travel


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Embel l ishments

Appliqu/Patchwork


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Appliqu /Patch work

A pattern or shape applied to the

surface of another material fordecoration

Us ually o f a different s had e

C utw ork


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C utw ork

Badges


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Badges

MachineE m broidery


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Machine E m broidery

Sequins


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Sequins

Flock


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Flock

Felt flock

Multi- flock

Single flock

Laces


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Laces

FeltEm broidery


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Felt Em broidery

Metallics


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Metallics


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Leather


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Leather: S ources


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Lam bskin - soft, classy andfashionable.

Sheep and lamb are all categorized as

lambskin

Items m ade from lambs kin are very so ft andnicely grained

G ives them a gloss y smo oth f lat surface

Cowhide - durable and rugged andvery stylish.

C ow sk ins are thick, hard and durable sk ins. It is tou gh and d ense, wh ich w ill help i t hold

up to everyday wear


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Types of L eather


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yp

F ull G rain /Top G rain Leather that uses the natural surface

of the animal's skin after the hair has

been removed

O nly full grain/top grain c an b e markedas g enu ine leather

A ll top grains are no t full grains To p g rain is us ed w hen the real grain is

sanded away and an imitation grain isstamped o nto the leather

Types of L eather


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yp

Nubuck N atural colour leathers wher

the surface has been brushedand polished

Creates a velvet like texturewith lush appearance

Like velvet, the textured

surface shows difference inshading w hen you run yourhand over it.

S hould not be confused w ith

suedeorreversedleather

Types of L eather


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yp

Suede I nner side of the hide or

skin next to the meat of thanimal

B uffed to a sm ooth finish S uede m ay also be spli

from a thick hide

Types of L eather


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yp

Im itatio n /sy n thetic leather M aterials so made and

finished as to resemblleather,like

Coated fabric Rubber and rubber

com positions

Plastic materials T rade nam es often seen are

Plastic calf," "plasticleather," "Compo- leather,"

"leatherlike" or"leatherette"

Leather-F inishes


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E m b o s s e d To permanently imprint a unique

effect Printed

To make designs or patternsonto the surface

Foiled

By adding a colored metallic foil Laminated

To other materials

Characteristics of leather


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Breath ability Pores in the leather permits

fresh air into the shoe Moisture A bso rbency

Absorbs m oisture from the footand vents it out of the shoe

Customizat ion Assumes the shape of the feet

Durability Resists tearing and puncturing

C haracteristics of I m itationL eather


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L eather

B enefits are lo w er material co st G oo d f in ishes E asy maintenance Th e tw o d isadv antages are:

I nability to breathe M em ory retention

Leather: C are T ips


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Why ? H igh w ear areas may be

penetrated by: Body oils Dirt Perspiration

C ause treatment coats to

separate from the leathersurface



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T ip s to increase th e lo n gev ity K eep the leather pores fre

from dust particles Wipe the leather

weekly /monthly dependingon use

Use a cloth dam pened w ithdistilled /purified w ater toavoid leaving lime scaleresidue, and dry w ith a sofcloth

D ont place leather near a



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T ip s to increase th e lo n gev ity A void spraying hairspray or

perfumes w hile w earingleather garment

T o m aintain the perfect fit Do not loan your leather

pieces to others

Avoid carrying heavy objectsin your pockets

K ey chains, Wallets etc.,

Leather Care T ips


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Storing Yo ur Leather D on't store your leathers in

plastic Water can condense inside

the plastic and m ildew yourleather

Once leather gets m ildewed, iusually cannot be saved


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Product C ode

Product C oding


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The article code can be divided in 4 or 5 fields that give basicinform ation abo ut the style. Fo r exam ple in style #3 680 E 1439,wo uld give the following information :

Field (i) : 3 ~ Pro ductio n D ivis io n Field (ii) : 680 ~ Yarn o r fab ric co d e

Field (iii) : E 1439 represen t the s tyle co de - In a few cases, there may be certain suffixes added to the style

code. These could be - # means reorder or f lash BKJ (used individually or in combination) referring to the sizes

being d one in the part icular O12 style.

Fabric code


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Th e B enetton system g ives each yarn/ fabric a uniquecode, incorporated in the style code. Some of thecommonly used yarns/ fabrics in each division arement ioned b elow

DIV 1 (trico t)1 092/ 292/ 392/ 492 -100% Cotton2 222 -Cotton Acrylic

(55-45%)

DIV 1 (wo ol)1 009/ 209 -A crylic Wool (50-50% )]2 021/ 221/ 321 -Lam bs wool

Nylon (80-20% )

Note that the same yarn may start with a 0, 2, 3 or 4.This depends on the number of pl ies of the yarn usedin the garment. For 1 ply cotton, it would be 092, for 2ply it would be 292, for 3 ply it would be 392, and so

Fabric code


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D IV 3- K nits094-100% Cotton, single jersey, 180

gsm

096-100% Cotton, single jersey, 150

gsm751-100% Cotton, single jersey, 240

gsm

089-100% Cotton, P ique, 210 gsm

(2ply yarn)680-95% C otton 5% Spandex, S ingle

J ersey, 180 gsm

669-93% C otton 7% Spandex, S ingle

J ersey, 240 gsm

Fabric code


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D IV 2, 4, 5 (W ov ens )029-2 ply chinos

027-100% C otton T will

211-S tretch tw ill 97% Cotton, 3%

spandex037-100% C otton S heeting

036-11 w ale corduroy, 100% C otton

Z10 -S tretch cord

212-S tretch Poplin

060-100% C otton poplin


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Thank you

Product Knowledge Workshop

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