Product Description - Elecdan · Product Description dn03490453 Issue 7 en ... 1.7.4 NetAct for...

Product Description

dn03490453Issue 7 en

# Nokia CorporationNokia Proprietary and Confidential

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C33334.90Nokia D500, Rel. 3.4, Product Documentation

The information in this document is subject to change without notice and describes only theproduct defined in the introduction of this documentation. This document is intended for the useof Nokia's customers only for the purposes of the agreement under which the document issubmitted, and no part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or means without theprior written permission of Nokia. The document has been prepared to be used by professionaland properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes full responsibility when using it.Nokia welcomes customer comments as part of the process of continuous development andimprovement of the documentation.

The information or statements given in this document concerning the suitability, capacity, orperformance of the mentioned hardware or software products cannot be considered binding butshall be defined in the agreement made between Nokia and the customer. However, Nokia hasmade all reasonable efforts to ensure that the instructions contained in the document areadequate and free of material errors and omissions. Nokia will, if necessary, explain issueswhich may not be covered by the document.

Nokia's liability for any errors in the document is limited to the documentary correction of errors.NOKIA WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE IN ANY EVENT FOR ERRORS IN THIS DOCUMENTOR FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL (INCLUDING MONETARYLOSSES), that might arise from the use of this document or the information in it.

This document and the product it describes are considered protected by copyright according tothe applicable laws.

NOKIA logo is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation.

Other product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks of their respectivecompanies, and they are mentioned for identification purposes only.

Copyright © Nokia Corporation 2005. All rights reserved.

2 (118) # Nokia CorporationNokia Proprietary and Confidential


Product Description

Contents

Contents 3

1 D500 overview 51.1 D500 MSAP solutions 51.1.1 D500 node 61.2 Network applications and DSL technologies 71.3 Supported service models 101.3.1 Common DSL deployment models 101.3.2 Switched deployment model in ATM network 101.3.3 Layer 2/3 switching 111.3.4 Traffic management and quality of service in the D500 121.4 D500 R3 services 181.4.1 IP multicast 181.4.2 Layer 3 switching 201.4.3 Bridging and VLANs 221.4.4 Point-to-point protocol 241.4.5 L2TP LAC 251.4.6 Single Ended Loop Testing 261.5 Network topologies 261.5.1 Integrated D500 architectures 271.5.2 Integrated configurations: D50(e) and D500, or third-party DSLAM and

D500 281.5.3 Cascaded D500 nodes 281.5.4 Stand-alone D500 291.6 Voice solution with the D500 R3 301.6.1 Voice over DSL (VoDSL) 301.6.2 Integrated Access Device (IAD) 301.6.3 Voice Gateway 311.6.4 Voice over IP / End-to-End SIP connectivity 311.6.5 Voice solution in next Generation Network 311.7 Element management 321.7.1 In-band management routing to co-located equipment 331.7.2 D500 Web-based Craft Terminal 351.7.3 Command line interface (CLI) 361.7.4 NetAct for Broadband 361.7.5 D500 Administrative Tools Suite 361.7.6 Performance diagnostics 37

2 D500 MSAP components 392.1 Configuration of D500 node in Central Office 392.1.1 Scalable Broadband Access 402.1.2 D500 17-slot and 21-slot subracks 402.1.3 D500 subrack 432.2 D500 RAM (Remote Access Module) 502.2.1 Power unit 522.3 D500 LPFS (Low Pass Filter Shelves) and LPF Cards 532.3.1 LPF (Low Pass Filter) Cards 542.3.2 Scalable Broadband Access 56



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Contents

2.3.3 D500 17-Slot LPFS (Low Pass Filter Shelf) 562.3.4 D500 4-Slot LPFS (Low Pass Filter Shelf) 602.4 D500 MSAP units and interfaces 612.4.1 ATM and Gigabit Ethernet trunk/control units 61

3 D500 subrack power supply and cabling 713.1 Broadband Power Supply Adapter (BB-PSA) 713.2 Optical trunk and tributary interfaces 743.2.1 Ethernet network cabling 773.2.2 ATM network cabling 773.3 Cabling in multiple node configurations 783.4 Subscriber line cabling 78

4 Site configurations and usage considerations 814.1 D500 Site Configurations 814.2 Amount of Connections 924.2.1 Suggestions and comments 934.2.2 Bandwidth and packet processing 934.2.3 Bandwidth considerations in equipping D500 94

5 Support services 975.1 Broadband Access Support Services Modules 975.2 Support Services Details 98

6 Specifications 1016.1 D500 standards compliance 1016.2 D500 MSAP hardware physical specifications 1056.3 Technical specifications 1086.4 D500 interfaces 1096.5 Craft Terminal � system requirements 1126.6 Command line interface (CLI) � system requirements 1136.7 BB-PSA technical specifications 1146.8 BB-PSA standards 1156.9 BB-PSA mechanical dimensions 1166.10 PSP technical specifications 1166.11 PSP standards 1176.12 PSP mechanical dimensions 1176.13 Fan tray specifications 117



Product Description

1 D500 overview

1.1 D500 MSAP solutions

With the new generation D500 MSAP (Multi-Service broadband AccessPlatform) solutions, Nokia offers service providers cost-effective DSLnetworking solutions for business and residential customers. The D500 MSAPsolutions comprise:

. the D500 Broadband Access Node with either 17 or 21 slots

. the D500 RAM (Remote Access Module) with 6 slots

. the D500 17-slot LPFS (Low Pass Filter Shelf)

. the D500 4-slot LPFS.

The D500 Broadband Access Node is often referred to as �the D500�, �the D500Subrack� or �the D500 Node�.

The D500 R3 provides a new packet processor based control unit into the D500platform. The control unit is combined with the Gigabit Ethernet trunk interface.The R3 control unit provides a data, voice, and video traffic delivery mechanismfor service providers. Most of the today�s DSL access networks are ATM-basedand this unit can be deployed in a pure ATM switch mode that provides full ATMQoS (UBR, VBR-rt, VBR-nrt, CBR) for today�s residential services the sameway than its predecessor releases. The network processor on the control unit isdesigned to provide a low-latency, low-jitter, bypass function for ATM-nativeservices such as voice over ATM.

On top of the extensive set of ATM features D500 R3 provides the capability ofprocessing traffic on the packet level. The new deployment of advanced serviceswill greatly benefit from the features that IP offers including layer 2 and layer 3switching, IP Multicast, IGMP Proxy and Snooping, DHCP relay with option82and Ethernet/IP quality of service at Gigabit bit rates. Nokia recognizes thatexisting services and some latency sensitive traffic, such as voice, might require



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D500 overview

the benefits of ATM QoS; therefore, the R3 architecture supports ATM and IPtraffic/QoS simultaneously. In short, the R3 control unit offers flexibility forevolving customer networks from ATM to Ethernet to IP. It satisfies the needs ofan all-ATM network, an ATM/IP network, and an all-IP network.

1.1.1 D500 node

The D500 Broadband Access node consists of a single, high-density subrack witha multi gigabit backplane supporting the following units and managementinterface:

. The Gigabit Ethernet trunk card (TK1000 and TKETH1G)) is designed forMetro Ethernet networks, where the traffic can be routed or bridged fromthe D500 to the broadband aggregation server. The Gigabit Ethernet trunkallows network providers to evolve from ATM to IP through a layer-twonetwork interface such as Ethernet, preparing the operator for the timewhen the core/backbone IP network connects with the access network.This trunk card provides a high-capacity (1000 Mbps) network connectionto allow the operator to support the delivery of multimedia content, such asvideo and digital TV, to customers from the digital subscriber line accessmultiplexer (DSLAM).

. OC-3/STM-1 tributary unit (TRB155). It provides a single-mode or multi-mode optical connection to a cascaded D500 node, a subtended D50e/D50or an ATM UNI compliant third party DSLAM. It is possible to use atributary unit also as a second trunk interface.

. D500 17-slot and D500 21-slot subracks can accommodate up to 15 and 19high-density cards respectively. D500 R3 supports the following line cardsand low pass filter cards.

Line cards:

- ADSL48af , 48-port, ADSL, Annex A, front mount

- ADSL48aft, 48-port, ADSL, Annex A, front mount

- ADSL48art, 48-port, ADSL, Annex A, rear mount

- ADSL48bf, 48-port, ADSL, Annex B, front mount

- ADSL2+af, 48-port, ADSL2+, Annex A, front mount

- ADSL2+bf, 48-port, ADSL2+, Annex B, front mount

- SHDSL24f , 24-port, SHDSL, Annex A and B, front mount

- SHDSL24r , 24-port, SHDSL, Annex A, rear mount

- VDSL24df, 24-port, VDSL, Annex D, front mount

- VDSL24ef, 24-port, VDSL, Annex E, front mount

Low pass filter cards:



Product Description

- LPF24af, 24-port, ADSL, Annex A, front mount

- LA24as, 24-port, ADSL, Annex A, Swe, front mount

- LA24bf, 24-port, ADSL, Annex B, front mount

- LA48af, 48-port, Annex A, front mount

- LA48bf, 48-port, Annex B, front mount.

D500 line cards provide interface to the trunk/control unit through theD500 subrack backplane. The D500 21-slot subrack can accept rear-accessand front-access line cards. The D500 17-slot subrack and the D500 RAMcan only accept line cards, which have DSL interface connections on thefront of the cards.

The element management tools offered by the D500 solution are:

- Web-based Craft Terminal for managing the node locally via a directphysical Ethernet connection, remotely via an out-of-band Ethernetconnection, or via an in-band ATM or Ethernet connection.

- CLI (Command Line Interface) for management locally via a serialport or Ethernet connection, or remotely via an in-band ATM orEthernet connection.

- NetAct for Broadband for remote management via an in-band ATMor Ethernet connection.

Figure 1. D500 component architecture

1.2 Network applications and DSL technologies

The D500 ADSL, SHDSL and VDSL line cards, and the LPF cards provide aremote deployment solution enabling you to push DSL interfaces closer to theend-user customer.

D500 Nodein a

CENTRAL OFFICE

ATM orEthernet Trunk

ATM/IP

NIC

CPERouter or

ManagementTerminal



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D500 overview

ADSL

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) offers fast Internet access with onetelephone line for voice service. ADSL is intended primarily for residentialsubscriber service. Asymmetrical ADSL rates are most useful for applicationswhere high-speed downstream rates are more important than upstream rates.When paired with Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) access, ADSL requires aPOTS or ISDN splitter to separate voice traffic from data traffic.

Note

Although ADSL can support in-band transmission of multiple voice channels, itsasymmetric bandwidth poses limits on maximum upstream traffic rates.Therefore, fewer voice channels (64 kbit/s per channel) can be accommodatedwithin the 800 kbit/s maximum ADSL upstream rate.

The D500 ADSL card with Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT) modulation hasasymmetric data rates of 8 Mbit/s downstream and 1 Mbit/s upstream. There are48 ports per card. The ADSL line cards are characterised by high density and lowpower consumption.

The addition of ADSL POTS or ISDN splitters allow splitting voice frequencysignals from the high-speed data providing high-speed data channels with voiceservice over a POTS or an ISDN telephone line while routing data traffic off thevoice telephone switch to the ATM network.

ADSL2+

ADSL2 (ITU-T G.992.3, G992.4) has mainly been developed to improve rate andreach performance with better modulation efficiency and reduced framingoverhead. ADSL2+ (G992.5) doubles the used bandwidth providing downstreamrates up to 24 Mbit/s. It can also be used to reduce cross talk in the remoteinstallations by masking the downstream band up to 1.1MHz.

The ADSL2+ line card supports 48 ports of asymmetric DSL using DMT withfront cabling The D500 ADSL2+ line card comply with the ITU-T G.992.1 (g.dmt), G.992.2 (g.dmt lite), G.992.3 (g.dmt.bis), G.992.4 (g.dmt.bis lite), andG.992.5 (ADSL2+) standards.The ADSL2+ 48af card supports the followingAnnexes:

. ADSL2+ Annex A enhanced downstream

. ADSL2 Annex L Extended Reach



Product Description

Other additional value-added features for ADSL2+ line card include: better loopdiagnostic, improved initialization, fast start-up and power management options.The ADSL2+ 48af card also supports enhanced capacity of 1000 Mbit/s betweenthe line card and the CU/Trunk unit

SHDSL

Single-pair High-speed Digital Subscriber Line (SHDSL) supports symmetrictraffic and is used widely for business purposes. It can support, for instance,multiple voice channels using voice over DSL (VoDSL) and symmetricbandwidth traffic rates. It is the preferred DSL service for SME (Small andMedium Enterprise) business applications. SHDSL is a purely digital technology.It requires an IAD interface at the customer site to multiplex voice and dataservices over ATM in-band connections. However, the result is the ability todeploy multiple voice channels, fast Internet, and LAN interconnection over asingle copper pair. Pair bonding of copper pairs can double bandwidth and reach.

The D500 SHDSL card with Trellis Coded Pulse Amplitude Modulation (TC-PAM) has symmetric (upstream/downstream) data rates of up to 2.3 Mbit/s (and4.6 Mbit/s with pair bonding) in 64 Kbit/s increments. There are 24 ports percard. SHDSL is designed for symmetrical, mostly business driven applicationssuch as video conferencing, Web-hosting, voice, and remote LANinterconnections. SHDSL supports equal upstream and downstream rates. TC-PAM line coding reduces network interference and latency to extend servicereach and boost traffic rates over the entire bandwidth range.

VDSL

Very high data rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL) is essentially a high-speedvariation of ADSL. VDSL is designed for high bandwidth applications, such asHDTV and Video on Demand. VDSL can achieve high asymmetric data rates upto 22 Mbit/s downstream and 3 Mbit/s upstream over existing copper telephonelines. Because VDSL is designed to achieve high data rates on short loops,effective reach is limited to approximately 1.6 kilometres (1 mile).

The D500 VDSL card with Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT) modulation hasasymmetric data rates up to 22 Mbit/s downstream and 3 Mbit/s upstream in 64Kbp/s increments or symmetric 10/10 Mbit/s over a single copper twisted-pair.There are 24 ports per card. The VDSL line cards provide you with new revenueopportunities. It is possible to add VDSL POTS or ISDN splitters for data-plus-voice applications.



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D500 overview

LPF cards

The deployed DSL technology solutions include ADSL and VDSL compatiblelow pass filter cards (splitter cards) for splitting POTS and ISDN voicefrequencies from data frequencies. The LPF cards support the unbundling of localloops and line sharing.

1.3 Supported service models

1.3.1 Common DSL deployment models

The D500 offers an advanced packet-based architecture based on the networkprocessor design. This architecture manages both ATM cell type traffic andpacket-based traffic, such as IP. The D500 supports traditional ATM multiplexingand switching with ATM uplink as well as ATM to Ethernet interworking withGigabit Ethernet uplink. If the D500 has been provisioned to work as an ATMswitch, it doesn�t perceive the encapsulation method supporting all the DSLdeployment models. When an Ethernet uplink is being used the PPPoA traffic isconverted to PPPoE and the routed traffic (RFC1483 routed encapsulation) isrouted to a VLAN or an ATM PVC. In addition to these traditional Layer 2switching based deployment models D500 supports Routed Bridge Encapsulation(RBE). DSL ports configured to use RBE receive RFC1483 bridged Ethernetframes and forwards the traffic according to the destination IP address.

1.3.2 Switched deployment model in ATM network

The standard specifies ATM to be used in the transport layer on top of thephysical ADSL layer. If ATM is used also on the network side, the connectionsfrom the DSL subscribers can easily be established and switched using ATMPVCs and IP level intelligence is not required.

The D500 provides Permanent Virtual Connections (PVC) � providing alwaysavailable configured end-to-end connections over ATM. The trunk/control unithas 256K cells buffer capacity, which is equivalent to approximately 12.3 MB(megabytes) of ATM payload. The line card has buffering for 1K cells in thedownstream direction per DSL port.

The cross-connection feature for Virtual Connections (VC) allows the OC-3/STM-1 tributary units to function as trunk units for virtual connections to andfrom line cards, tributary units, and the trunk unit. In this case the trunk unit actsas a switch instead of a multiplexer for VC cross-connections.

The D500 Node and the RAM support four types of VC cross-connections:



Product Description

. Line card port to trunk unit port

. Line card port to tributary unit port

. Tributary unit port to trunk unit port

. Tributary unit port to tributary unit port.

The D500 supports a maximum of 4064 ATM connections per trunk/control ortributary unit, and a maximum of 400 connections per DSL line card (ADSL48).

1.3.3 Layer 2/3 switching

With Ethernet networks the traditional ATM switching model needs to replacedby packet switching, which can be done either on Ethernet layer (layer 2) or IPlayer (layer 3) depending on the chosen deployment model. The D500 supportsboth layer 2 and 3 switching and forwarding.

Layer 2 forwarding decisions depend only on the MAC header of the arrivingpacket. The decision is based on the incoming packet's destination MAC addressand VLAN ID or VC. On bridged interfaces, the trunk unit behaves like astandard learning bridge. Packets received from the customer side are forwardedto the configured trunk VLAN/VCC and MAC addresses are added to therelevant bridging table. This is the method used for forwarding bridged (as wellas PPPoE) traffic across the D500.

Forwarding across an L2TP tunnel is a special case. In the D500 L2TP tunnelsare statically created entities between the D500 and an LNS, typically an accessrouter. The D500 implements the LAC functionality allowing any number of PPPsessions to be tunnelled to a single endpoint.

Layer 3 switching decisions are made on the basis of the IP header of theincoming frame. When a DSL port is provisioned for routed encapsulation, theEthernet frame is missing or when provisioned for RBE the MAC header is notused for routing purposes. Instead, the routing decision is based on the destinationIP address and the current state of the routing table. The routing table entry mayhave been statically configured, or it may have been obtained dynamically fromDHCP snooping.

In addition, certain packets arriving from the trunk side need to be duplicated andsent to multiple ATM PVCs. This category includes multicast and broadcastpackets. Broadcasts need to be selectively copied to all ATM PVCs, whichbelong to the bridge group associated with the VLAN ID of the arriving Ethernetpacket. Multicasts need to be selectively copied to subscriber-side ATM PVCs onwhich one or more hosts have recently joined a multicast group. This requires thatthe D500 monitors all IGMP traffic and detect when any host on a PVC enters orleaves a multicast group.



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D500 overview

The following functions in D500 are part of the packet switching procedure andperformed on every packet at wire speed:

. Packet classification (unicast / multicast / broadcast / bridged / routed /IGMP / ARP / PPPoE / L2TP)

. Snooping (that is, selectively managing the packets according to theservice type)

. Header update (if required)

. Packet duplication (if required)

. Forwarding

In addition to the real time packet processing performed at wire speed, there are anumber of asynchronous processes running in the trunk card. They maintain therouting and bridge tables used by the wire speed processing routines. Theseasynchronous processes include:

. ARP task

. IGMP proxy task

. MAC address table manager

. L2TP LAC task

. PPPoE task

. DHCP relay task.

1.3.4 Traffic management and quality of service in the D500

Traffic management and quality of service (QoS) are required to ensure that thenetwork resources can support service offerings provided by service and networkproviders. The D500 addresses service levels with respect to service type andcustomer type, supporting network convergence towards packet basedarchitectures and operator flexibility. Providing this capability supportssimultaneous feeds from ATM and IP interfaces, while at the same time providingthe required service levels over both QoS (ATM) and class of service (IP)connections and flows simultaneously.

The D500 supports SDH and Ethernet interfaces accommodating both ATM andIP traffic flows individually or simultaneously. As packets and cells enter theD500 they go through four major steps to ensure that they are handledappropriately relative to the type of information or services they are carrying. Theflow through the D500 is:



Product Description

1. classification and marking

2. policing

3. queuing

4. scheduling and shaping.

In general, classification identifies the PDU, policing ensures conformance, andscheduling provides the appropriate servicing of the queues so traffic can bepresented into the network in an appropriate manner, with respect to classpriorities. Since ATM as a connection-based protocol differs from packet basedprotocols, such as IP, the traffic management in the D500 is also differentdepending on the protocol. With ATM QoS strict performance values can beguaranteed whereas with IP CoS allows only specification of relative priority of apacket. It has no provisions to specify different drop precedence for packets of acertain priority.

The D500 supports four ATM quality of service classes (that is, CBR, rt-VBR,nrt-VBR, and UBR) and three IP class of services classes (that is, EF, AF andDF). For example, services requiring CBR in ATM, would require EF if it is an IPflow. The Nokia D500 treats the traffic with respect to traffic parameters andpriority levels regardless of whether it is ATM or IP traffic and thus trying toprovide the same level of quality of service regardless of the protocol.

Quality of service in ATM networks � ATM QoS

ATM QoS capabilities are supported in the trunk/control unit. ATM QoS providesthe following features:

. Multiple classes of service:

- Constant Bit Rate (CBR) is used by connections that request a staticamount of bandwidth to be continuously available during theconnection lifetime. Examples are real-time video, audio, circuitemulation services, and audio-video distribution such as TV, pay-per-view, and distance learning. CBR services provide connectivityup to a peak cell rate with an upper bound of cell delay variationtolerance. The source may emit cells at or below the negotiated peakcell rate at any time for any duration and the QoS commitments stillpertain.

- Variable Bit Rate real-time (VBR-rt) service category supportsapplications requiring variable bandwidth with tight bounds ondelay. Cell traffic is generated in bursts. Traffic is guaranteed anaverage rate of bandwidth, although the amount varies depending on



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D500 overview

the traffic requirements of the connection (Peak Cell Rate, SustainedCell Rate, and Maximum Burst Size). Examples are variable bit rateCODECs, aggregated voice with silence removal, videoconferencing, and loop emulation services with AAL2.

- Variable Bit Rate non-real-time (VBR-nrt) service category supportsapplications requiring variable bandwidth with less stringent boundson delay (as in transaction processing). However, VBR-nrt does notprovide delay guarantees. VBR-nrt is typically used for managementand signalling applications.

- Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) is intended for applications that do notrequire a fixed bandwidth or fixed interval of transmission, and arehighly tolerant of delay and loss. Examples are file transfer, e-mail,and LANs.

There is no explicit commitment from the network provider regardingcapacity or throughput in the UBR class. The network transmits cells basedon available bandwidth without delay or throughput guarantees, and theonly traffic parameter is PCR (Peak Cell Rate).

. Traffic Policing

Once a virtual connection is established, active processes monitor andenforce the rules embodied in the traffic contract. This is called trafficpolicing. Traffic policing is carried out by a process component called theUsage Parameter Control (UPC), resident in the trunk/control unit. UPC isresponsible for ensuring that the traffic submitted to the network does notexceed the traffic descriptors set for the connection. The UPC tags ordiscards errant cells based on the Generic Cell Rate Algorithm (GCRA),also known as the Dual Leaky Bucket algorithm. The GCRA is the methodby which the D500 measures the bandwidth conformance of each CBR andVBR connection. It is a flow control algorithm where cells are monitoredto check whether they comply with the established connection parameters.Cells violating the descriptor parameters can be tagged (CLP bit set to 1)for discard if congestion occurs. In the D500, both traffic directions arepoliced in a similar manner.

. Traffic shaping for each ATM connection

. Congestion control and avoidance, including

- Early Packet Discard (EPD) (also called Frame Discard) � once thequeue congestion threshold is reached, EPD stops all new incomingpackets (a Protocol Data Unit consisting of ATM cells) and makesan intelligent choice of dropping all cells in a packet instead ofrandomly dropping cells from many packets.

- Explicit Forward Congestion Indication (EFCI) � notifies othernetwork resources that a given queue is in a congestion state.

. Connection Admission and Control (CAC)



Product Description

. Performance Monitoring

. Provisionable buffering and queue depths (in cells) for each priority queue.

IP class of service in packet networks - IP CoS

IP CoS provides the rules how to manage IP flows. In the D500 all the trafficmanagement is done in the control unit and the following features are supported.

. Multiple classes of service:

- The IPv4 ToS byte in the IP-header consists of three precedence bitsthat are mainly used to classify packets at the edge of the networkinto one of the eight possible categories. Packets of lowerprecedence (lower values) can be dropped in favor of higherprecedence when there is congestion on a network. The D500 cansupport three different traffic management classes, EF, AF and DF.The incoming traffic is divided into those classes according to theDifferential services code point marking as shown below:

Table 1. Precedence bits andtraffic class

Precedencebits

Trafficclass

111 AF

110 AF

101 EF

100 AF

011 AF

010 AF

001 AF

000 DF



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D500 overview

- Expedited forwarding (EF) is designed for providing a low-loss,low-latency, low-jitter, and assured bandwidth service. Applicationssuch as Voice over IP (VoIP), video, and online trading programsrequire such a robust network-treatment.

- Assured Forwarding (AF) defines a method by which similar type ofconnections can be given different forwarding assurances. Forexample, traffic could be divided into gold, silver, and bronzeclasses, with gold being allocated 50 percent of the available linkbandwidth, silver 30 percent, and bronze 20 percent. The AF PHBdefines four AF classes; namely, AF1, AF2, AF3, and AF4,although in D500 all the AF classes are treated similarly.

- Default Forwarding (DF) specifies that a packet marked with aDSCP value �000' gets the traditional best effort service after EF andAF traffic.

. Traffic classification

- Traffic Classification rules allow assigning of transmission priorityto network traffic based on predefined traffic rules. A trafficclassification rule has two main parts: Traffic Description andActions. The Traffic Description identifies the traffic classificationtype for the rule. The Actions specify where traffic matching thatclassification type will be switched to and how the transmissionpriority is defined. In the D500 there are three variables that affecton traffic classification: traffic type, the sub-interface traffic hasarrived in and the service class of the arrived packet.

- The D500 can classify and pass through IP traffic without changingthe DSCP field or remark the traffic based on input port, DSCPvalue, ATM QoS type or any mixture of these. If the IP DiffServfeature is enabled for the connection, the traffic is policed, queuedand shaped within the three service classes defined above.

. Traffic policing

- The policing process within the D500 is implemented in the samemanner for both ATM and IP traffic. The incoming packets aremarked with an identifier describing the rate and priority. IP trafficuses the two rate-three colour marking algorithms defined in RFC2698 for AF traffic and single rate-three colours algorithm, RFC2697, for EF traffic. In IP, the single rate model is for real-timetraffic, just like ATM, and uses Peak Information Rate (PIR). Thethree colours markings define the priority and are designated asgreen, yellow, and red.

- Green refers to those packets that conforms to the CommittedInformation Rate (CIR) and Committed Burst Size (CBS) contracttherefore it should be served with high priority. Yellow refers topackets that conform to PIR contract but not the CIR contract. Thesepackets can be scheduled if sufficient resources are available in the



Product Description

network. Packets that fail the PIR contract are marked as red and areserved at the lowest priority within the class. In most cases, redpackets are discarded before scheduling. These colours can also beused as a drop precedence reference, related to the Per-Hopforwarding Behaviour (PHB), such as EF, AF, and DF.

. Traffic Shaping and Queue Management

Traffic Shaping provides the network with a mechanism to ensure thattraffic leaving the system will conform to provisioned traffic parameters.Shaping analyses the packets and helps guide the traffic according to thealgorithms and to avoid congestion and provide smooth traffic delivery.The D500 uses weighted random early discard (WRED) for queuemanagement. WRED provides precedence, or weightings, to provide forpreferential traffic handling of higher priority packets and cells. WREDcan selectively discard traffic in the event of queue congestion andprovides differentiated performance characteristics for different classes andquality of services.

. Scheduling

The last step in the CoS function, before delivery of traffic to the network,is scheduling. Weighted Round Robin (WRR) is implemented in the D500for this function. WRR is a scheduling method that provides bandwidthallocation for different priority queues according to the specified weightsper interface. WRR applies priority classes and weights to determine howmuch bandwidth each flow is allowed relative to other flows. At the sametime, WRR provides an efficient means to schedule or serve the queues.WRR controls both queue service order and amount of traffic serviced,providing bandwidth-sharing and relative delay ordering among thequeues.

Ethernet (Layer 2) CoS

The IP CoS based on DiffServ Codepoints is a method that can be used todifferentiate layer 3 service classes, so that the D500 traffic management canprocess packets according to their priority level. The method is, however, notapplicable for bridged subinterfaces, which examine the packets only in Ethernet(layer 2) level. In order to support different service classes also in bridging mode,the D500 release R3 supports different Ethernet CoS classes by using Ethernetuser priority bits. These three user priority bits are part of the Ethernet frame�sVLAN Tag.



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D500 overview

Internally the D500 supports three Ethernet priority service classes (High,Medium and Low). The global mapping of the VLAN tag user priority fieldvalues to the D500 priority service classes (i.e. which user priority field valuesbelong to each group) is user configurable. The configured mapping applies tothe whole node (for example there is only one global VLAN user prioritymapping per node) and the new mapping settings will take effect only after nodereboot.

The queuing and scheduling of Ethernet CoS traffic is handled in the D500basically the same way as IP DiffServ traffic. The same three queues (High/EF,Medium/AF4 and Low/DF) and the same schedulers are used in both cases.

If Ethernet CoS is enabled, there are two options: Pass mode and Map mode. Inthe Pass mode the user priority bits of the incoming packet are used directly toselect the internal Ethernet priority service class, which determines the policing,queue selection and scheduling behaviour. The Map mode allows the user toremap per subinterface the received Ethernet priority service class to any of thethree service classes (High, Medium or Low) supported by the D500.

The D500 supports both Pass and Map modes in the upstream direction. In thedownstream direction only Pass mode is supported.

Mapping can be applied also in cases, where there is no VLAN tag included inthe received Ethernet frame. This feature may be usefull e.g. when VLAN tagsare not used in the client side subinterface (D500 R3 supports both Ethernetframes with VLAN tag and without VLAN tag in the client side). In this case inthe upstream direction Ethernet CoS mapping can be done on a PVC bases: allframes received from a subinterface (PVC) are mapped to the preconfiguredpriority service class. This mapped service class is then used for selecting thepolicing and queuing behaviour, and the respective user priority field value isinserted into the VLAN tag in the trunk interface.

1.4 D500 R3 services

1.4.1 IP multicast

The technological advances of Gigabit Ethernet trunk/control unit enhances thecommunication between the core network content servers, which broadcastchannels of digital TV usually at 2-6 Mbps per channel to the subscriber. Oncesubtended from a multicast router network or directly from the network contentserver, the Nokia D500 solution not only provides IP multicasting by acting as anIGMP proxy or IGMP snooper; but also, the solution provides a MAC addressbased authorization/authentication scheme that enhances the solution�s ability toreplicate and forward broadcast channels only to authorised customers.



Product Description

The D500 solution is designed so that multicast PDU�s received on the trunk/control unit interface can be multicast to the DSL line card or tributary units on aper port basis. The multicast channels can be initially delivered to the D500during system start-up in several ways:

The D500 trunk/control unit interface (Gigabit Ethernet) can be flooded with themulticast channels without having to request the multicast channels from thenetwork.

The D500 trunk/control unit can use IGMPv2 to request all provisioned multicastchannels from the network.

The D500 trunk/control unit can proxy a subscriber IGMPv2 request for amulticast channel providing the channel is not already being sent to the D500trunk/Control unit interface. In this scenario the D500 or D500 RAM will leavethe multicast channel subscription when any subscriber is no longer requestingthe multicast channel, which in turn saves bandwidth in the access network forother applications. This approach will impact channel delay only for a selectedchannel, which is not already present in the D500.

The D500 can also support IP multicast in Layer 2 mode with IGMP snooping. InIGMP snooping mode the D500 will only monitor the IGMP messages sent bythe client devices and starts to replicate the multicast channels based on themonitored IGMP messages.

D500 supports IGMP Pre-Join feature. This feature is applicable only in IGMPproxy mode of D500 and is a configurable option for a multicast channelpackage. D500 initiates IGMP join request for all channels that are associatedwith the channel package, when the Pre-Join feature is enabled for a multicastchannel package. Also, upon system startup, D500 initiates the IGMP joinrequests for all channels that are associated with the Pre-Join enabled channelpackages. This reduces the joining time for the multicast clients when they sendan IGMP join message to D500.

D500 DSLAM supports IGMP fast leave feature. The feature is a configurableoption at the client subinterface level. The IGMP fast leave feature can be enabledin both IGMP proxy and IGMP snooping mode of D500. By default the feature isdisabled.

In IGMP proxy mode, in the normal scenario (IGMP fast leave disabled) whenD500 receives an IGMP leave message from the client, an IGMP query messagewill be sent through the client subinterface and the LMQI (Last Member QueryInterval) timer would be started. If it does not get any IGMP report within thetimer expires, it leaves the multicast group. If the fast leave feature was enabled,D500 would immediately leave the multicast channel on receiving an IGMPleave message from the client.



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D500 overview

In IGMP snooping mode, if the IGMP fast leave feature was enabled on the clientsubinterface, D500 would immediately clear the fast path information for themulticast channel on receiving an IGMP leave message for the channel from theclient.

D500 supports configuration of bandwidth groups for multicast channels. Thebandwidth groups will be associated with the configurable bandwidth and a set ofmulticast channels. In IGMP snooping and IGMP proxy modes of D500,whenever an IGMP report message is received, apart from the existingvalidations, D500 checks for the bandwidth availability before accepting theIGMP join request. The required bandwidth is the one configured in thebandwidth group for the requested channel. If the channel is not configured underany bandwidth groups, a system level default bandwidth is considered. Thebandwidth feasibility is checked across unit, port and subinterface level. If theaggregate of already utilized bandwidth and the request channel bandwidth iswithin the maximum limit allowed, at unit, port and subinterface levels, thechannel request will be accepted. This feature will always be enabled across thesystem in both IGMP snooping and IGMP proxy modes.

1.4.2 Layer 3 switching

The layer 3 switching decisions are done based on IP level information, that is,the packet is forwarded according to the destination IP address and theinformation in the D500 routing table. The basic difference between D500 IPswitching and basic router functionality is that D500 doesn�t run any routingprotocols, such as RIP, OSPF or BGP.

There are two basic scenarios in which the traffic forwarding needs to take placeat the IP level. If the DSL connection is set to use routed ATM encapsulation(RFC2684R) and the trunk interface uses Ethernet, there is no common Layer 2protocol between the links and the traffic needs to be forwarded according to theIP level information. The routed encapsulation is not widely used because itrequires a customer CPE to be a router with static IP address, consumesadditional IP addresses and needs lot of manual configuration work.

The more practical scenario is to set the DSL ports to use RBE. DSL operatorswant to minimise CPE configuration and allow use of standard IP addressallocation protocol for devices in the home network. To achieve that, the CPEneeds to be a transparent bridge and hosts must get their IP address informationdynamically using DHCP server. When the host boots up, it sends out DHCPrequests. These requests are then relayed to the appropriate DHCP server, whichassigns an IP address to the host from one of its previously defined addressspaces. RBE refers to the feature that, when Ethernet frames are received, theEthernet header is ignored, and the destination IP address is examined instead.That is, the packets originated from the customer are not bridged but insteadrouted, based on IP destination address. The packets destined for a customer are



Product Description

directed to the appropriate destination interface, based on IP destination address.The D500 finds a destination MAC address corresponding to the destinationinterface from the ARP table, and places it in the Ethernet header. If no MACaddress can be found, the router generates an ARP request for the IP destinationaddress, and forwards it to its destination interface only.

One of the biggest advantages of RBE model is scalability. Routed model alsoadds security and the time-consuming configuration of routing tables can beavoided with RBE. The routing table entries may still be statically configured, butalso obtained dynamically from DHCP snooping. If a DSL port is configured touse RBE the D500 can act as a DHCP relay. When the host in a customerpremises is booted up the D500 receives a DHCP request, modifies it into DHCPrelay request, adds option82 field if so configured and forwards the request to theconfigured DHCP server. Once the DHCP server response is received the D500adds a route entry (and/or an ARP entry) into the routing table and forwards theresponse to the requesting client. With this procedure the routes can beautomatically added when new devices are connected to customer side. Aging ofthe routing table drops the unused entries from the table. The DHCP relayoption82 can be used to carry the information where the DHCP request wasoriginated to the DHCP server. This feature may help service operator to limit thenumber of IP addresses behind a DSL connection or help finding a misbehavingclient in the network.

To conserve IP addresses, using unnumbered interfaces is an alternative. Anunnumbered interface is an interface that uses another interface's IP address byusing the "ip unnumbered" command. In this case all the customers connected tosame destination from the D500, for instance the same ISP, can use the same IPaddress connected to the destination. For the router all the customers seem to bein the same LAN, which mean that all the customers need to be also in the samesubnet than the unnumbered interface

In the case of using unnumbered interfaces where you may find two subscriberson the same subnet, the RBE uses proxy ARP. In the figure below, an example ofunnumbered interface is provided. Here, 192.168.1.2 (Host A) wants tocommunicate with 192.168.1.3 (Host B). However, in this case of unnumberedinterfaces, Host A is on the same subnet as Host B.



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D500 overview

Figure 2. IP unnumbered operation

Host A learns the Host B MAC address by sending out an ARP broadcast to HostB via D500. When the RBE interface at the D500 receives this broadcastmessage, it will send out a proxy ARP Response with the MAC address of192.168.1.1 to Host A. Host Awill take that MAC address, place it in its Ethernetheader, and send the packet back. When the D500 receives the packet, it skips theEthernet header, looks at the IP destination header, and then routes it on thecorrect interface.

1.4.3 Bridging and VLANs

The Nokia D500 R3 supports two different types of bridged connections, a singlePVC to a VLAN mappings and VLAN bridge groups.

The one-to-one PVC to a VLAN mapping can be used when the connectivityinformation needs to be transferred into the Ethernet access network. In this casethe PVC coming from the customer premises is mapped to a VLAN in the trunkinterface and the bridging occurs only between those two connection end-points.

IP=192.168.1.2GW=192.168.1.1

IP=192.168.1.3GW=192.168.1.1

Host B

Host A

D500

IP=192.168.2.254

AggregationRouter

BridgedCPE

BridgedCPE

Virtual interface: Loopback01IP=192.168.1.1

IP=192.168.2.1



Product Description

The Nokia D500 can support up to 8000 PVC-VLAN connections, although inpractice the number is limited to 4094 by the VLAN address space. Themaximum number of clients, that is, the number of MAC addresses supported inthe client side is 16 000.

A VLAN bridge group can be established between several customer side PVC�sand one trunk side VLAN. D500 introduces the concept of bridged group pools tosupport configurable number of clients per bridged group. Three bridged grouppools are supported. They are known as small, medium and large. The number ofbridged groups in a pool and the number of clients per bridge group in a pool areconfigurable. The total number of bridged groups across the pools cannot exceed400 and the total number of bridged group clients cannot exceed 8000. Themaximum number of clients per bridge group cannot exceed 1600. The newconfiguration comes into effect after rebooting the node.

The bridge groups can be used in PPPoE deployments or to provide pure Layer 2connections to business customers. If the unicast packet's MAC address matchesthe Ethernet address at the trunk interface, it can be destined to the D500 node orit can be a locally terminated IP packet. If the MAC does not belong to the D500system, the frame is a handled like a typical bridged frame and is forwarded to asingle ATM VC based on the destination MAC. Broadcast Packets Received on aBridged VLAN/VCC are duplicated and forwarded to all ATM VCs belonging tothe same bridge group as the receiving VLAN.

The D500 supports DHCP relay with option82 also in Layer 2 mode. When ahost in a customer premsies is booted up, the D500 receives a DHCP request, itadds the option82 fields and sends the DHCP request as a unicats packet to theDHCP server. Once the D500 receives the DHCP response, it will forward theresponse only to the requested client.

D500 supports option82 in bridged mode (non DHCP relay mode). The feature isa configurable option for bridged trunk subinterface. In bridged mode, D500supports addition of option82 fields for upstream DHCP packet. D500 broadcaststhe processed packet to the bridged trunk interface. For downstream DHCPpackets, D500 will strip off the option82 fields and forward the packet to thecorresponding client subinterface. In the downstream direction, if the DHCPpackets are received without the option82 field; then the packet will be dropped.

When the D500 is in bridged mode, sub option 2 information field of DHCPoption82 will contain either nokia binary format or subscriber id string orsubscriber ID2 string.

D500 provides a configurable option at the subinterface level to enable or disabledirected DHCP response. The feature can also be modified after the trunksubinterface creation.



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D500 overview

D500 acts as PPPoE Intermediate Agent for bridged connections. The feature is aconfigurable option during bridged client subinterface creation. In bridged mode,the D500 supports addition of DSL line identification tag for upstream PADI andPADR packets and forwards the packet to bridged trunk interface. Fordownstream PADO and PADS packets, DSL line identification tag will beremoved if packets contain the tag. The processed PADS and PADO packets areforwarded to the corresponding client subinterface.

D500 supports blocking of static IP addresses for DHCP clients. When DHCPsnooping or option82 support is enabled in bridged mode, D500 blocks allingress IP and ARP packets except DHCP control and PPP packets when static IPaddress is assigned to the client. This feature is provided as a configurable optionfor the bridged client subinterface. When enabled, D500 checks the source IPaddress of the ingress IP or ARP packet and drops the packet if source IP addressis not the one assigned by DHCP server.

D500 supports a feature that allows traffic from selective IP address for bridgedclients. The user is provided with the configurable option for the subinterface toselectively allow traffic from a set of IP addresses. If configured, D500 blocks allingress IP and ARP packets with source IP address other than the allowed IPaddresses configured or the one assigned dynamically by DHCP server.

1.4.4 Point-to-point protocol

Point-to-point protocol (PPP) defines an encapsulation mechanism fortransporting multi-protocol packets across layer 2 (L2) point-to-point links.

From the traditional ATM based DSLAM point of view, the PPP sessions throughthe DSLAM have been transparent. The connections have been switched on theATM layer without any knowledge about the cell payloads.

The D500 R3 provides new opportunities for PPP deployments. The newenhanced model to manage the traffic enables D500 to switch and queue PPPsessions, allows simultaneous PPPoE connections with RBE connections,converts PPPoA sessions to PPPoE when GigE trunk is used and aggregatessessions to save layer 2 provisioning work.

The most common option for PPP deployments is to have PPPoE server behindthe trunk side VLAN/VCC. In this case, client side PPPoA and PPPoE traffic isforwarded to the configured trunk side VLAN/VCC. For client side PPPoE trafficgrooming is straightforward: PPPoE sessions are transparent to DSLAM, andframes are passed transparently, just like in regular bridging. If a PPP destinationhas been specified for a specific connection the D500 will forward all PPP traffic



Product Description

to the selected VLAN/VCC. In case of PPPoA connections, the D500 has to actas a PPPoE client, thus opening and closing PPPoE session upon PPPoA clients�requests. PPPoE traffic returning from the network is forwarded to PPPoA clientsaccording to the PPPoE session.

D500 acts as PPPoE Intermediate Agent for RBE connections. The feature is aconfigurable option during RBE client subinterface creation. In RBE mode, theD500 supports addition of DSL line identification tag for upstream PADI andPADR packets and forwards the packet to the PPPoE grooming bridged trunkinterface. For downstream PADO and PADS packets, DSL line identification tagwill be removed if packets contain the tag. The processed PADS and PADOpackets are forwarded to the corresponding client subinterface.

1.4.5 L2TP LAC

The D500 supports L2TP access concentrator (LAC) functionality.

In the D500 L2TP tunnels are statically created entities between a LAC and anLNS. The LNS is typically an access router on the trunk side. The trunk unitimplements the LAC functionality allowing PPP sessions to be tunnelled to asingle endpoint. Each PPP protocol session is terminated on the server end by theLNS, and on the client end by either a CPE router or a host running PPPoE.

IP packets containing L2TP control messages are processed locally and used todrive state machines for configured L2TP tunnels. L2TP data is forwarded to theappropriate PPPoE or PPPoA endpoint, which is identified on the basis of thesession ID carried in the header.

D500 supports most L2TP LAC functionalities and uses the well-known UDPport 1701. The entire L2TP packet is encapsulated in a UDP datagram. Thesepackets are then forwarded via the appropriated tunnel ID. The tunnels aremaintained and created over a reliable L2TP control channel, which transmitspackets "In-Band" over the same packet transport.

Tunnel creation is static and requires manual configuration. This process occursindependently of all other protocol negotiations and requires only that the LNS beconfigured and accepting L2TP calls. After tunnels are established, the D500LAC continually maintains the tunnels through the use of L2TP maintenance andcontrol messages.

L2TP tunnels may be created over both ATM connections and Gigabit EthernetVLANs. The LAC�s job is to create and manage L2TP tunnels. Once the tunnel isup and a tunnel ID is selected a PPP session can be initiated. PPP forwarding isdone based on session IDs learned by snooping the PPPoE session establishment



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D500 overview

messages. The ID is used to select the destination (slot/port/VC or slot/port/VC/tunnelID or slot/port/VLANID/tunnelID). Forwarding is then simple matter ofediting the header in accordance with the encapsulation method used at either endof the connection.

1.4.6 Single Ended Loop Testing

Single Ended Loop Testing (SELT) is a value-added feature offered to serviceproviders. SELT can be used for characterizing or testing the loop during pre-service activation and running post-service tests wehn line failures occur.

SELT provides the following information for service providers about the DSLloop:

. Loop length

. Loop termination (open or short circuit)

. Loop gauge (awg)

. Upstream and downstream capacity in bps

. Inband noise represented as graph

. Termination response represented as graph

. Upstream and downstream rate vs margin, represented as graph

A SELT test can be initiated from the Web Craft Terminal and NetAct forBroadband management interfaces. There can be a maximum of six SELT testsinitiated per ADLS2+ line card simultaneously.

1.5 Network topologies

The D500 supports deployment of the following equipment configurations for R3



Product Description

Figure 3. D500 Network Topologies

1.5.1 Integrated D500 architectures

D500 nodes have full interoperability between the D50(e), and previous D500(and/or D500 RAM) releases to enable seamless integration of all systems.Interoperability preserves investment in existing D50(e) nodes while enablingintegration with the new D500-based networks. The integrated D50(e)/D500architecture will enhance DSL network performance to include remoteinteroperability between the D50(e) and D500, expanded line density per trunk,and shared ATM trunking.

Further flexibility is achieved by subtending third-party DSLAMs using the ATMUNI interface of the OC-3/STM-1 tributary unit.

The figure below shows the deployment of different D500 network architectures.

GigE

POP

MCS

LCS

CO1

STM-1OC-3

MCS

LCS

CO2

D500

D500

D500

D500

D500

GigEGigE

RegionalNetwork



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D500 overview

1.5.2 Integrated configurations: D50(e) and D500, or third-party DSLAMand D500

D50(e) MCS system as well as D500 R2.x system (or the third-party DSLAM)can be subtended to the D500 R3 via connection to the OC-3/STM-1 tributaryunit ATM UNI interface, as shown in the figure below. This configurationprovides a method of aggregating D50(e) systems (or third-party DSLAMs) toshare common trunk capacity to the core ATM network and save costs of leasedlines or fibre count.

Figure 4. D50(e) MCS subtended to D500

1.5.3 Cascaded D500 nodes

Cascading several D500 nodes is useful for operators who want to increase linedensity within a site without incurring extra cost of additional trunk requirementsor to extend line capacity to multiple remote sites. The intra-site topology isintended for large Central Offices where the number of lines per site exceeds 500lines. See the figure below for illustration.

STM-1OC-3

CO 1

MCS LCS

Nokia ElementManagementApplication forD50 & D500

CPECO 2

MCS LCS

POP

STM-1OC-3

D500

RegionalNetwork



Product Description

Figure 5. Cascaded D500 topology

1.5.4 Stand-alone D500

A stand-alone D500 configuration, as illustrated in the figure below, consists of asingle D500 node and may be useful for operators who have small to medium-sized core- network deployments and require a separate overlay network for DSLservices.

Figure 6. Stand-alone D500 configuration


CPESTM-1OC-3

D500 D500

RegionalNetwork


CPE

D500

RegionalNetwork



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D500 overview

1.6 Voice solution with the D500 R3

1.6.1 Voice over DSL (VoDSL)

Nokia�s Voice over DSL (VoDSL) strategy aims to facilitate rapid deployment ofconverged voice and data services to residential and Small office/Home office(SoHos) users, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), and Multi-Dwelling Unit(MDU) and Multi-Tenant Unit (MTU) users.

Using VoDSL, the D500 can support multiple voice and data channels through asingle subscriber loop. By transporting voice directly over the DSL network,VoDSL does not require inline POTS filters to separate analog voice from data.The VoDSL strategy involves the used ATM Quality of Service (QoS) at themultiplexer while partnering with 3rd party Voice (Home) Gateways or IntegratedAccess Devices (IADs) at the customer premises and GR303/V5.2 Voice overDSL Gateways (VoDSL GWs) at the Central Office.

Figure 7. D500 for VoDSL solution

1.6.2 Integrated Access Device (IAD)

An IAD can reside at each subscriber premises and serves as the interfacebetween the DSL network and the customer�s voice and data equipment. The IADuses ATM or IP over DSL technologies to multiplex all of the subscriber�s voiceand data traffic onto a single copper pair, which terminates at the Full-serviceAccess Multiplexer. Unlike CPE equipment, which requires filtering of voice

PSTN

Service POPCentral Office

HGW / IAD

D500

VoiceGateway

Class 5Voise Switch

ATM Switch

Internet



Product Description

from data via a POTS or an ISDN splitter, the IAD can deliver integrated voiceand data directly over the xDSL network using ATM or IP adaptation at thesubscriber source. The IAD connects the subscriber�s existing telephoneequipment including analog telephones, key systems, fax machines, and modemsto PSTN telephone lines.

1.6.3 Voice Gateway

The Voice Gateway is a large-scale platform that receives local voice traffic fromall subscribers in ATM or IP format and converts it back into TDM format fordelivery to the existing Class 5 PSTN voice switch via GR303 or V5.2 interface.

1.6.4 Voice over IP / End-to-End SIP connectivity

Via software client installed into a PC or a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phonethe end user can connect to another end user through IP network (IP over ATM)as controlled by SIP servers. At the same time other SIP based services providedby the SIP client together with SIP servers are available to the end user. Examplesof such services are messaging, presence and Push to Talk services. Theinterworking with PSTN network requires a voice gateway in the border of IPnetwork and PSTN network. The voice over IP connectivity through D500 canutilize IP Class of Service (CoS) mechanism of D500.

1.6.5 Voice solution in next Generation Network

The Next Generation Network, the first truly data oriented broadband network tosupport all services over all media, will be All IP network. The future broadbandnetwork and its evolution will be characterized by six different transitions thatcan take place independently:

. Transition from a dial-up-like circuit-switched network to a session basedpacket-switched network

. Convergence of fixed voice and data networks

. Convergence of mobile and fixed networks

. Transition from mere connectivity to service creation platforms

. Transition to IPv6 networks

. Transition from a copper-based network towards optical networks



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D500 overview

The transitions will be made in several steps, allowing the optimization ofrevenues and of utilization of the existing investment. As a fundamentalapplication, the voice services will be delivered over the Next GenerationNetwork with Voice over Packet solutions. The D500 fully covers therequirements for Broadband access to Next Generation network voice solution.The Nokia Voice strategy provides the operator the option to migrate from today'scircuit switched PSTN networks into SIP controlled carrier class Voice overPacket networks, allowing also intermediate steps for specific market segmentswith VoDSL solutions.

1.7 Element management

The D500 management offers several network protocol interfaces for softwareprovisioning, operation, and diagnostics reporting. The D500 offers anSNMPv1.4 protocol interface as a standard management interface. The CLImanagement works over TCP using the TELNET protocol. The Web browserinterface operates using HTTP, and the Web-based Craft Terminal appletcommunicates with the D500 over a proprietary protocol on top of TCP.

The out-of-band remote management of the D500 node takes place via anEthernet hub connection.

Figure 8. D500 out-of-band management

The in-band remote management is supported via a dedicated Virtual ChannelConnection (VCC) of the OC-3/STM-1 trunk or tributary interface or via theEthernet trunk interface.

TCP/IP WAN or LAN

NTs

NTs

D500ATM/EthernetSwitch

ManagementTerminal

BroadbandModulator



Product Description

Figure 9. D500 in-band management

1.7.1 In-band management routing to co-located equipment

With the in-band management routing feature you can manage co-locatedequipment through the D500 in-band management channel.

The co-located equipment placed in the same Central Office (or street cabinet) asthe D500 node (or D500 RAM) is connected to the D500's Ethernet managementinterface. This co-located equipment can be managed remotely by utilizing thesame in-band management connection that is used to manage the D500.

Figure 10. In-band management routing

ManagementTerminal

BroadbandModulator

Router

ATM/EthernetSwitch

TCP/IP WAN or LAN

D500

NTs

NTs

STM-1OC-3Regional

Network

D500

x y



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D500 overview

The equipment connected to the D500's Ethernet management interface must beassigned suitable IP addresses from the same subnetwork as the D500 Ethernetmanagement interface. The workstation managing the co-located equipment mustbe in the same subnetwork as the in-band management interface or alternativelythe default gateway on the D500 must be set to the address of a gateway locatedon the same subnetwork as the in-band management interface.

Example 1.

In-band management routing

The Ethernet management interface of the D500 node (or D500 RAM) has IPaddress 192.168.69.14 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0. Thus the co-locatedequipment must be assigned an IP address in the range 192.168.69.1 -192.168.69.13 or 192.168.69.15 - 192.168.69.254.

The in-band management interface of the D500 has IP address 192.168.42.8 andsubnet mask 255.255.255.0. The workstation managing the co-located equipmentvia the in-band management channel must either be assigned an IP address fromthe range 192.168.42.1 - 192.168.42.7 or 192.168.42.9 - 192.168.42.254 or theremust be a gateway in the 192.168.42.X subnetwork and the address of thatgateway must be configured as the default gateway in the D500.

See the figure below.



Product Description

Figure 11. Example of in-band management routing

1.7.2 D500 Web-based Craft Terminal

The D500 supports a Web-based Craft Terminal interface for configuration andmanagement of the D500 resources. Web-based Craft Terminal providesconfiguration access through the management network using web technology.Thus maintenance personnel are not required to have anything else than a webbrowser on their management terminal. The web browser connects to the D500through an in-band network connection via the trunk facility, or locally via anEthernet hub connection.

Web-based Craft Terminal is ideal for the set-up and commissioning of D500,initiating communication with NetAct 3.0 (and later releases), or for quick, on-site diagnosis of hardware-related or local network problems. The advancedfeatures of the Web-based Craft Terminal include, for example, the virtualconfiguration feature which allows the user to add, modify and delete unitsvirtually, that is, unit information is stored in the node�s non-volatile memorybefore the units are physically installed in the subrack. Another feature

ManagementWorkstation

D500

Ethernet

Ethernet

192.168.69.5

192.168.69.119

Mgmt.Eth.if

192.168.69.14

Default GW =192.168.42.254

192.168.42.254Router / Gateway

In-Band Mgmt. if192.168.42.8



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D500 overview

facilitating node management is the Quick Connection Creation feature. It makesconnection creation process more effective by allowing the user to pre-select slot,port and link parameter settings before the VPI/VCI and traffic descriptor settingsare entered for each connection. The management features also include functionsfor locking and deleting multiple connections simultaneously.

1.7.3 Command line interface (CLI)

The command line interface (CLI) provides an alternative management interfacevia the local serial port (RS-232) or a TCP/IP management network. This allows atext-based interface for the maintenance personnel to access current alarm listsand to configure node parameters for provisioning and troubleshooting.

Note that compared to Web-based Craft Terminal, the CLI provides twoadditional features: a script feature allowing long strings of commands to beexecuted at one command and a feature for restoring factory default settings.

1.7.4 NetAct for Broadband

Nokia NetAct for Broadband is a client/server-based system that incorporates afull range of functions for fault, performance, and configuration management forthe whole Nokia broadband solution covering Nokia D500 and Nokia SMS.NetAct offers centralized, high-capacity element management capability tominimize the cost associated with operating a large broadband access network. Italso provides a Northbound CORBA interface to the Operator�s existing OSSsystems. Nokia NetAct is available for the Sun Solaris operating environment.

1.7.5 D500 Administrative Tools Suite

The D500 Administration Tools Suite (ATS) provides tools for upgrading thenode software, making back-ups of the current configuration and restoring a priorconfiguration to the node.

The Administration Utilities Suite operates on an NT 4.0 or Windows 2000workstation and provides the following applications:

. D500 ATS, which is an upgrade program and includes the two followingapplications, too.

. D500 Backup Wizard, including backup/restore functions.

. D500 Configuration Report Tools (CRT) for retrieving serial numbers,CLEI codes, software revisions and generating reports for units, subracksand systems.



Product Description

1.7.6 Performance diagnostics

In addition to the advanced fault and performance management features providedby the network and node management applications, the following diagnosticfeatures may be used in troubleshooting D500 performance:

. Each unit has LED indicators to display the status of the individual unit(FAIL, ENABL, ACT, and ALARM indicators are available).

. The D500 backplane includes alarm output connections for Audible andVisual alarms.

. Alarm input connections allow the D500 to act as a conduit for transferringalarms from the operational environment to the Craft Terminal.

. Fan Trays included in each subrack provide alarm indications that aremonitored by the system and can be made available to operators via CraftTerminal. Alternatively, the Fan Tray alarms can be displayed directly by aLED included on the Fan Tray.



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D500 overview



Product Description

2 D500 MSAP components

The D500 MSAP (Multi-Service broadband Access Platform) solution canconsist of different combinations of the following elements:

. D500 Broadband Access Node(s) with 17 slots (front cabling) and/or 21slots (front or rear mount cables)

. D500 RAM(s) (Remote Access Module), installed either horizontally orvertically

. D500 17-Slot LPFS(s) (Low Pass Filter Subrack), and/or

. D500 4-Slot LPFS(s).

2.1 Configuration of D500 node in Central Office

The D500 17-slot and D500 21-slot subracks include the following component:

. One trunk/control unit with 1000Base-FX Ethernet interface (TK1000).

Besides, in the remaining slots any combination of the following units can beused:

. Up to four OC-3/STM-1 tributary units (TRB155)

. In a D500 17-slot subrack, up to 15 line cards and/or low pass filter cardsof the following types: ADSL48af(t), ADSL48ar, ADSL48bf, ADSL2+af,ADSL2+bf, SHDSL24f, VDSL24df, VDSL24ef, LPF24af, LA24asf,LA24bf to deliver ADSL, SHDSL and/or VDSL services.

. In D500 21-slot subracks, up to 19 line cards and/or low pass filter cards.You can use all units mentioned above. The following units can also beused: ADSL48ar and/or SHDSL24r. The D500 21-slot subrack providesthe same services as the D500 17-slot subrack.



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D500 MSAP components

Note

The names of the line cards are created in the following way:

. Denomination of the signal.

. Number of ports.

. Annex of a standard, with which the unit is compliant (note, the annex isnot always mentioned). Annex A is indicated by letter a, Annex B - by b,Annex D - by d and Annex E - by e.

. Type of mount cable or loop terminations (f indicates front cable mounting,r - rear cable mounting).

For example, for the ADSL48af line card, 48 indicates that this line card has 48ports, a shows that the line card is Annex A compliant, f indicates front mountingcable or loop terminations for this unit.

2.1.1 Scalable Broadband Access

The Nokia D500 subrack offers scalable, modular design to facilitate easyupgrading from smaller installations to a large-scale installation.

For example, by adding a maximum of 15 48-port ADSL48af line cards to theD500 (in a 21-slot subrack - 19 ADSL48af line cards), up to 720 or, respectively,912 subscribers can be connected to a single D500 node. This upgrade enableslocation of the D500 at the Central Office with a remote connection to a POTS orISDN splitter, or to multiple D500 nodes (or D500 RAMs) in a cascade �daisy-chain� configuration.

2.1.2 D500 17-slot and 21-slot subracks

In a Central Office configuration, the D500 17-slot subrack is installed in a 19-inch rack or a standard 500-mm ETSI rack and the D500 21-slot subrack isinstalled in a 23-inch Telco rack. The D500 subracks include pre-installedmounting brackets on the sides of the subrack for bolt on rack.

The trunk/control unit interface to the backbone Ethernet network uses a single1000Base-FX full duplex interface with multi-mode or single mode connection.



Product Description

In a data-plus-voice configuration, Low Pass Filter (LPF) subracks can be usedfor installing up to 17 LPF units (in a D500 17-slot LPFS) for splitting the voicesignal from data signal. The splitter cards can also be installed directly in theD500 node or D500 RAM.

The figures below shows examples of fully installed 500-mm and 600 mm ETSIracks including three 17-slot and 21-slot subracks, a Broadband Power SupplyAdapter (BB-PSA) and three cable trays.

Figure 12. Fully installed 500-mm rack

BB-PSA

Subrack 1

Subrack 2

Subrack 3



41 (118)


The figure below shows an example of a fully installed 23 inch ANSI rackincluding three 21-slot subracks and a Broadband Power Supply Adapter (BB-PSA).

Figure 13. Fully installed 600 mm rack

The figure below shows an example of a fully installed 23-inch ANSI rackincluding three 21-slot subracks and a Broadband Power Supply Adapter (BB-PSA).



Product Description

Figure 14. Optional installation order for the 23-inch rack

2.1.3 D500 subrack

The figures below show the design and features of the D500 subrack front.

In front mounting, all connectors are on the front plates of the line cards andtrunk/control units. The following connectors are used:

1

2

3

4



43 (118)


. OC-3/STM-1 LC or MT-RJ connectors for the OC-3/STM-1 tributaryinterfaces.

. LC connectors for the aggregate Gigabit Ethernet interface.

. CHAMP connectors for the ADSL48, VDSL and SHDSL line cards.

Rear mounting is used only on the D500 21-slot subrack. The line cardconnectors are located at the rear of the subrack backplane.

Note

Cables to the backplane connectors are routed over the top of the ConnectorAccess Panel. Therefore, it is important to leave adequate space between shelvesfor wiring when mounting components in the rack.

From the Craft Terminal and CLI, you can read the serial number, hardwareversion, and software version of any unit in the D500 subrack and reset, lock, orunlock the units by command. When a unit is inserted into a unit slot, the FAILLED flashes red until the unit is initialised.

The D500 subrack includes a pre-installed Fan Tray with six (17-slot subrack) oreight (21-slot subrack) fans. The fans operate at different speed depending on thetemperature in the Fan Tray:

. >45°C (113°F) - maximum speed (voltage on fans 22±1,5V)

. >35°C (95°F) - normal speed (voltage on fans 19±1V)

. -20...+35°C (-4...+95°F) - reduced speed (voltage on fans 17±1V).

The Fan Tray includes a LED for visual fan alarms indicating degradedperformance. The alarms can also be viewed via the Web-based Craft Terminal.

Refer to the feature numbers in the tables below for the names of the features andwhere to obtain further information in the D500 documentation. The illustratedsubracks are equipped with a trunk/control unit with a Gigabit Ethernet interface.



Product Description

D500 17-slot subrack

Figure 15. D500 17-slot subrack front view

Table 2. D500 17-Slot Subrack Contents

# Feature

1 Air Deflector

2 Air Deflector latches

3 Power Configuration Connectors

27

2625

2423

21

161718

20

FAN ALARM

1

2

34

567

9

10

11

12

14

13

15

8

19

22

28



45 (118)


Table 2. D500 17-Slot Subrack Contents (cont.)

# Feature

4 Grounding Points

5 Line Test Chaining

6 Line Test Measure

7 Visual and Audio Alarm Output Connectors(major, critical)

8 Relay Rack Alarm Connector

9 Fan Tray Latches

10 Fan Tray

11 Unit Lock Tabs

12 LED Indicators: Fail, Enable, Active, andAlarm

13 ADSL, SHDSL, VDSL Line Cards

14 OC-3/STM-1 tributary unit

15 DSL Line Card (CHAMP.50) Connectors

16 External Alarm Input Connectors

17 Ethernet Connectors for Out-of-band NetworkManagement

18 Visual and Audio Alarm Output Connectors(minor)

19 Bay Alarm Connector

20 ESD Ground

21 Input Power Connectors (Sections 1 and 2)

22 External Synchronization Connectors

23 Backplane

24 Mounting Bracket



Product Description

Table 2. D500 17-Slot Subrack Contents (cont.)

# Feature

25 STM-1 Connectors: OC-3/STM-1 MM withMTRJ connector, OC-3/STM-1 SH and OC-3/STM-1 LH with LC connector

26 Trunk/control unit with Gigabit Ethernetinterface

27 Serial Port Management Connector

28 Audio Alarm Reset Button

D500 21-slot subrack

Figure 16. D500 21-slot subrack front view

10

11

12

1

2

3

4

5

6

9

8

13

7

15

14



47 (118)


Table 3. D500 21-slot subrack front contents

# Feature

1 Fan Tray Latches

2 Fan Tray

3 Unit Lock Tabs

4 LED Indicators: Fail, Enable, Active, andAlarm

5 ADSL, SHDSL, VDSL Line Cards

6 trunk/control unit with Gigabit Ethernetinterface

7 OC-3/STM-1 tributary unit

8 OC-3/STM-1 MM with MTRJ connector, OC-3/STM-1 SH and OC-3/STM-1 LH with LCconnector

9 Serial Port Management Connector

10 ESD Ground

11 Mounting Bracket

12 Backplane

13 Dust Filter

14 Ethernet Port for Out-of-band Management

The figure below shows the design and features of the D500 21-slot subrack rear.The DSL network interface connections are CHAMP connectors on the rear ofthe backplane. Refer to the feature numbers in the table below for the name of thefeatures.



Product Description

Figure 17. D500 21-slot subrack rear view

Table 4. D500 21-slot Subrack Rear Contents

# Feature

1 Power Configuration Connector

2 Input Power Connectors (Section 1)

3 Grounding Points

4 Audible Alarm Output Connectors (minor,major, critical)

5 Relay Rack Alarm Connector

6 Bay Alarm Connector

7 Visual Alarm Output Connectors (Minor, Major,Critical)

1

2

3

4

56

7

9

10

14

15

16

17

1112

13

8



49 (118)


Table 4. D500 21-slot Subrack Rear Contents (cont.)

# Feature

8 External Synchronization Connectors

9 DSL Line Card Interface (CHAMP.50)Connectors

10 Input Power Connectors (Section 2)

11 - 13 Ethernet Connectors for Out-of-band NetworkManagement

14 External Alarm Input Connectors

15 Line Test Chaining

16 Line Test Measure

17 Mounting Bracket

2.2 D500 RAM (Remote Access Module)

The D500 Remote Access Module (RAM) is a part of the Multiservice AccessPlatform (MSAP) designed to meet the need for smaller sites. Its hardened,compact assembly enables easy deployment of DSL services in smaller sites withspace limitations, such as street-side cabinets, wall mounts, and controlledenvironmental vaults. Therefore, operators can effectively extend the reach ofDSL by moving the DSL interface closer to the end user. Shorter loop lengthsincrease signal strength and access speed at the customer CPE interface. TheD500 RAM is designed to be a stand-alone small MSAP or to be subtended to amaster MSAP.

The D500 RAM is a data-only system. If your application requires data-plus-voice service, an external splitter subrack can be used.

The D500 RAM supports all the same plug-in units as the full-sized D500subrack:

. D500 trunk/control units

. D500 line cards

. D500 tributary units.



Product Description

The D500 RAM also requires a power unit designed to distribute power to theD500 RAM assembly. The power unit provides a power and alarm module andlocal management Ethernet interface for Web-based Craft Terminal and thecommand line interface (CLI).

The D500 Remote Access Module (RAM) supports up to:

. Two ATM trunk/control units or one Ethernet trunk/control unit

Note

There can be only one DS1, E1, or E1E trunk in the D500 RAM subrack.

. One D500 RAM power unit

. Four slots capable of containing the following types of units:

- line cards

- tributary units

- low pass filter (LPF) cards.

The following figure shows a possible configuration of a partially installed unit:

Figure 18. D500 RAM and units

Flange

FlangeTrunk/Control Unit Line Card Fan Tray

Free Slots Tributary Unit Power Unit



51 (118)


The D500 RAM assembly includes a pre-installed fan tray and power unit. Thefan tray is required for forced air cooling. The power unit distributes power to theD500 RAM. In the figure above, there is one open slot that can contain a backuptrunk/control unit, and two open slots that can contain line cards or tributaryunits.

Warning

The D500 RAM is activated by switching on the power at the Central Officeor remote power source. Do not switch on the power until the power unit isinserted in the appropriate slot, the power connectors are installed on thepower cables, and the power cables are attached to the power unit. Insertingor removing the power unit while a live power cable is attached to it canresult in equipment damage and potentially life-threatening exposure todangerous voltage levels. Follow local electrical safety procedures whenmaking power source connections.

2.2.1 Power unit

The power unit distributes power to the D500 RAM. It is designed to acceptpower from two redundant -48 VDC power supplies. The power unit will switchto backup power if the primary power source should fail. The power unit alsoincludes a maintenance interface for local management, alarm inputs forcollection of external alarms, and a synchronisation interface for external networktiming. The power unit interface is described below.

Figure 19. D500 power unit

1 2 3 4 5 6



Product Description

1. Sync: An external timing device can connect to the D500 power unit toprovide system timing. The timing device connects to the IN port, and theOUT port can be connected to the IN port on another D500 RAM orsubrack to allow one timing device to support multiple DSLAMs.

2. Environmental alarms: The power unit includes four input connections forenvironmental alarms that detect external conditions outside acceptablethresholds.

3. Local manager connection: The D500 RAM includes two 10Base-TEthernet connections allowing field technicians to directly connect to theD500 RAM with a Web-based Craft Terminal or the CLI over a telnetsession.

4. Fuse holder: The fuse holder holds a 15 AMP GMT fuse for each powersupply.

5. Power connector: Two power connectors, labeled 1 and 2, provide aredundant power interface for the D500 RAM. Power connector 1 is theprimary power interface and power connector 2 is the backup powerinterface. If the primary power interface fails, the backup interface willsupply power.

Warning

The D500 RAM is activated by switching on the power at the Central Officeor remote power source. Do not switch on the power until the power unit isinserted in the appropriate slot, the power connectors are installed on thepower cables, and the power cables are attached to the power unit. Insertingor removing the power unit while a live power cable is attached to it canresult in equipment damage and potentially life-threatening exposure todangerous voltage levels. Follow local electrical safety procedures whenmaking power source connections.

6. Visual alarms: Three LEDs provide visual alarm status for power suppliesby displaying a steady green light when power is available. The HUB LEDindicates when power is available at the Ethernet hub. The LEDs labeled 1and 2 indicate when power interfaces 1 and 2 are receiving power.

2.3 D500 LPFS (Low Pass Filter Shelves) and LPFCards

The D500 17-slot LPFS and the D500 4-slot LPFS are populated with plug-inunits for splitting voice traffic from data traffic.



53 (118)


Note

It is recommended that the ADSL48aft line card is used with a LPF card that hasno DC blocking.

2.3.1 LPF (Low Pass Filter) Cards

The different types of LPF (splitter) cards split the low frequency voice signalfrom the high frequency data signal; the voice signal is sent to the voice switch,and the data signal is sent to the D500. Each splitter card provides 24 or 48 portsof ADSL POTS, ADSL ISDN, or VDSL POTS/ISDN splitter functionality perETSI requirements (TR 101 728 v1.1.1). All signals to the subscriber, PSTNnetwork, and DSL line cards are routed through three standard front panel AmpChamp connectors.

The following figure diagrams the functionality of an LPF card.

Figure 20. LPF (splitter) card - generic diagram

The following LPF cards are used:

LEGEND:HPF = High pass filterDC BLOCK = Direct current blockLPF = Low pass filter

DSL/NET

POTS

LOOP/CPE

DCBlock

HPF

LPF



Product Description

. LPF24af, 24-port, ADSL, Annex A, front mount

. LA24as, 24-port, ADSL, Annex A, Swe, front mount

. LA24bf, 24-port, ADSL, Annex B, front mount

. LA48af, 48-port, Annex A, front mount

. LA48bf, 48-port, Annex B, front mount.

LA24bf can be used both in ADSL over ISDN and VDSL installations. Thefigures below show the front of the LPF card and describes its components.

Figure 21. Front panel of the 24-port LPF card

DSL/NET Champ connectorconnects to the D500 (network)side of the copper pairs.

LOOP/CPE Champ connectorconnects to the MDF (Subscriber)side of the copper pairs.

POTS Champ connectorconnects to the voice switch.



55 (118)


Figure 22. Front panel of the 48-port LPF card

2.3.2 Scalable Broadband Access

The LPF shelves offer scalable, modular design to facilitate easy upgrading. TheD500 17-slot LPFS and the D500 4-slot LPFS support the units in modularincrements of 24 loops per splitter card.

A 17-slot LPFS typically supports a maximum of 360 or 720 loops using 15 slots(408 or 816 loops if all 17 slots are used) in modular increments of 24 or 48 loopsper splitter card.

The D500 4-slot LPFS can support a maximum of 96 or 192 lines.

2.3.3 D500 17-Slot LPFS (Low Pass Filter Shelf)

The 17-slot LPF shelf is installed in an 500 mm rack or 19-inch cabinet or rack.The shelf provides front access to all connections. It is 10 U in height. The LPFSdoes not have a backplane, and no power is required for the LPF cards. Each 17-slot LPFS typically supports a maximum of 360 loops using 15 LPF cards (408loops if all 17 slots are populated with 24-port LPF cards) in modular incrementsof 24 loops per card. One 17-slot LPFS filled with 15 48-port LPF cards supports

AMP Subminiature, D-typeDSL

AMP Champ

AMP Subminiature, D-type

LOOP

POTS



Product Description

a maximum of 720 loops or a maximum of 816 loops if all 17 slots are populatedwith 48-port LPF cards. The LPFS supports ADSL over POTS, ADSL overISDN and VDSL over POTS/ISDN. The D500 and the D500 LPFS can belocated remotely from each other, if necessary.

Figure 23. D500 17-slot LPFS filled with 24-port LPF cards

The following figures show how the D500 subrack and the 17-Slot LPF shelvesfit together.

Champ connector connects

connects to the D500 (network) sideof the copper pairs.

connects to the MDF (subscriber) sideof the copper pairs.

to the voice switch.

Splitter card slots1-10

Splitter card slots13-17

DSL/NET

LOOP/CPE

POTS

Champ connector

Champ connector



57 (118)


Figure 24. D500 subrack and 17-slot LPF shelves

Two D500 LPF subracks and one 17-slot D500 node are installed in one rack(cabinet).

DC BB-PSA orPower SwitchPanel

D500 Subrack

Cable supporttrays

1st D500LPFS

2nd D500LPFS

500 mm or 19''Rack Installation

25-48 ports

1-24 ports

POTS MDF

Data / POTS MDF

1-24 ports

25-48 ports

JC 24-pair JumperCopper cable (1.7 m)


TC 24-pair Tail Coppercable with openend(6 m, 15 m, 30 m, 50 m, 75m)

The longer jumper cables are routed not on the front of the first D500 LPFSubrack, but to the side (to the left or the right)!The Power Switch Panel includes power cables for one D500.

Data / POTS MDF

POTS MDF

Optical trunk /network interface

Trunk / Control Unit



Product Description

Figure 25. Line cards and 48-port LPF cards in the same rack

Figure 26. ADSL cards and 24-port LPF cards in separate racks

D500

LPFS-17

JC 24-pair JumperCopper cable

Data / POTS MDF

POTS MDF

MDF

D500

D500

LPFS-17

LPFS-17

LPFS-17

LPFS-17

LPFS-17



59 (118)


Figure 27. Line cards and 48-port LPF cards in separate racks

2.3.4 D500 4-Slot LPFS (Low Pass Filter Shelf)

The 4-slot LPFS (for example, together with the D500 RAM) is an excellent wayof servicing your users in out-of-reach settings that require enhanced servicessuch as ADSL and VDSL. Both the D500 RAM and the D500 4-slot LPFS can beeffectively installed in space-constrained areas, such as curb-mounted cabinets forexample, in FTTN (fibre-to-the-node) applications.

The 4-slot low pass filter shelf is very similar to the 17-slot LPFS, except that itsupports 4 splitter cards for splitting voice traffic from data traffic. The LPFS-4does not have a backplane, and no power is required for the splitter cards. Theshelf provides front access to all connections. The 4-slot LPFS, as the D500RAM, can be mounted vertically or horizontally. Two or more LPF shelves canbe horizontally mounted above or below the D500 RAM in a 500-mm or 23-inchrack. Two 4-slot LPF shelves can be vertically mounted in a 500-mm, 19-inch, or23-inch rack. The measures of the shelf are 433 x 114 x 250 mm (width x heightx depth).

MDF

D500

D500

LPFS-17

LPFS-17



Product Description

Note

The LPF cards can be installed in the special LPFS in all cases and this will meetthe EMC requirements specified for the D500 node. Operationally the LPF cardscan be installed in a D500 subrack, but depending on the exact card equippingand placement it may violate EMC requirements.

Figure 28. D500 RAM with two LPF shelves

2.4 D500 MSAP units and interfaces

2.4.1 ATM and Gigabit Ethernet trunk/control units

The trunk/control unit with either Gigabit Ethernet or OC-3/STM-1interface is aplug-in unit, which multiplexes and demultiplexes data between the line cardsand the ATM or Ethernet trunk interface. The trunk/control unit uploads theaggregated data stream to the line cards, transmitting data over a backplaneconnection to the line cards.

The trunk/control unit performs the following system applications:

LPFS-4

PowerAdapter

D500 RAM



61 (118)


. Network Management for network management and alarm connections.The trunk/control unit controls the node�s network management interfacesfor network communications, system operations, and local alarm contacts.The trunk/control unit provides all of the protocol support so the D500nodes can communicate with the D500 user interfaces (Web-based CraftTerminal, CLI or an SNMP based element manager).

. Multiplexing, cross-connecting and forwarding. The trunk/control unitmultiplexes and cross-connects data traffic for transfer between the ATMor Ethernet network and the D500 line cards. The trunk/control unitdesignates the transmission parameters necessary to switch and multiplexATM, Ethernet and IP connections with defined priorities and traffic rates.Traffic descriptors ensure that traffic conforms to the bandwidthrequirements of the connection.

. Trunk/control unit with Gigabit Ethernet Interface (TK1000 andTKETH1G).

The TKETH1G and TK1000 are dual port Gigabit Ethernet trunk/controlunits with support for two Gigabit Ethernet Small Form-Factor Pluggable(SFP transreceivers. Use of SFP adaptors allows operators to use differentkind of optical transmitters (short haul, long haul, extended long haul,electrical etc) on the same CU/Trunk unit.

The TKETH1G and TK1000 trunk/CU unit supports up to 4096 standard802.1Q virtual LANs per Gigabit Ethernet Trunk Interface with 802.1ppriority bits.

The trunk/control unit with 1000Base-FX Ethernet interface provides atrunk interface to either an Ethernet switch or backbone router withEthernet interface. The unit supports a single 1000Base-FX full duplexinterface over an RJ-45 connector.

- 1000BaseFX MM�Multi-mode fibre/medium power interface forshort range operation (up to 250m or 280 yard)

- 1000BaseFX SM�Single-mode fibre/medium power interface forlong range operation (up to 10km or 6 miles)

- 1000BaseFX SM�Single-mode fibre/high power interface for extra-long range operation (up to 20km or 13 miles)

. OC-3/STM-1 tributary unit (TRB155)

The tributary unit provides an ATM UNI interface for cascading severalD500 nodes or subtending a D50e/D50 MCS or third-party DSLAM to aD500 node. The OC-3/STM-1 tributary unit supports four interfaces and isavailable in three variations:



Product Description

- OC-3/STM-1 MM � Multi-mode fibre/medium power interface forshort range operation (2 km or 1.25 miles)

- OC-3/STM-1 SH � Single-mode fibre/low power interface formedium range operation (15 km or 9.3 miles)

- OC-3/STM-1 LH � Single mode fibre/high power interface for longrange operation (40 km or 25 miles).

. DS3 tributary unit (TBDS3)

Supports remote deployment by providing up to 8 DS3 connections (perD500) for remote site access nodes. The DS3 tributary card also providesadded value for any standard DS3 ATM data services. The TBDS3tributary unit is CU independent. The TBDS3 can be installed in any line-or tributary card slot in both the D500 and D500 RAM subracks andfeatures front connections for front cabling access.

. DS1 triburary unit (TBDS1)

The tributary units provide a standard ATM User Network Interface (UNI)that supports provisionable VPI/VCI mappings to the D500 trunk unit,allowing ATM cells to be aggregated from other ATM network equipment.

The tributary unit types connect to standard ATM network equipment.When subtending another D500, D50 or a third-party DSLAM to theD500, the subtended equipment is connected to an OC-3/STM-1 tributaryunit.

The tributary units also function as trunk units for virtual connections toand from line cards, tributary units, and trunk units. This feature is calledcross-connection of Virtual Connections (VC). The trunk unit acts as aswitch instead of a multiplexer for VC cross-connections.

. E1 tributary unit (TBE1, TBE1E)

The TBE1 is a 16-port E1/IMA tributary card that supports remotedeployment by providing up to 16 connections for subtending the D500and D500 RAM. In addition, the TBE1 tributary card also provides value-added service for any standard E1 ATM data traffic. The 16-ports cansupport up to 16 IMA groups with 1-8 E1 links per group. The TBE1installs in any line or tributary card slot in both the D500 and D500 RAMsubracks and features front connectors for front cabling access. Thetributary unit is CU independent.

ADSL Line Cards

ADSL uses Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) multiplexing. The ADSL linecards can provide 48 ports for ADSL data transmissions at 8 Mbit/s downstreamand 1 Mbit/s upstream. ADSL uses Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT) modulation totransmit data in the 35 kHz to 1.1 MHz frequency spectrum. It divides the ADSLfrequency range into 256 discrete bands or bins, each with 4 kHz bandwidth. Of



63 (118)


the available frequency, POTS uses 0.3 to 3.4 kHz, and ISDN uses 1 to 80 kHz,which can be separated from data bandwidth through the use of the Low PassFilter cards. Each bin is independently modulated. This means that DMT canmonitor signal-to-noise ratio of each bin, detect which bins are impaired, and shiftbandwidth to the best channels.

Note

Actual rates available to the customer are affected by the quality of the local loop,distance of transmission lines, and effective range of the DMT frequency signal

Figure 29. Discrete multi-tone frequency band

. The D500 ADSL48af, ADSL48ar, ADSL48art and ADSL48aft line cardssupport both �full-rate� (G.dmt) and �lite� (G.lite) ADSL over POTS. Thefollowing standards are supported:

- ADSL over POTS (ETSI): G992.1 Annex A

- ADSL Lite: G992.2.

- ADSL over POTS (US): T1.413-1998

. The D500 ADSL48bf line card supports the �full-rate�(G.dmt) ADSL overISDN (ETSI) and �G.lite� . The standards supported are:

- ADSL over ISDN (ETSI): G.dmt is G992.1 Annex B

- ADSL Lite: G992.2.

. The ADSL2+ line card supports the following:

Bins 1 - 5Not Used

Bins 6 - 31Upstream

Bins 32 - 255DownstreamG.lite (32-128)

4 kHz 24 kHz 128 kHz 1.1 MHz

Bin 0 is reserved for POTS

Data Rate = Number of channels x number of bit/channel x modulation rate



Product Description

- ITU-T G.992.1 (g.dmt)

- ITU-T G.992.2 (g.dmt lite)

- ITU-T G.992.3 (g. dmt.bis

- ITU-T G.992.4 (g.dmt.bis lite)

- ITU-T G.992.5 (ADSL2+)

All ADSL line cards are provisionable on an individual port basis. Keydifferences between G.Lite, G.DMT/POTS and G.DMT/ISDN are shown below:

Table 5. G.Lite, G.DMT/POTS and G.DMT /ISDN: key differences

G.Lite G.DMT/POTS G.DMT/ISDN

LPF (splitter) cardsrequired at the Point ofPresence?

No Yes Yes

Transmission rate:

Downstream

Upstream up to 1.5 Mbit/s

up to 512 kbit/s

up to 1.0 Mbit/s

up to 8.0 Mbit/s

up to 1.0 Mbit/s

up to 8.0 Mbit/s

Frequency SpectrumUsed

Number of Highest BinUsed

25 to 552 kHz

127

25 kHz to 1.1 MHz

256

138 kHz to 1.1 MHz

256

. ADSL48af and ADSL48aft Line Cards

The ADSL48af(t) line card provides 48 ports of DMT line encoding forADSL over POTS services for operators. The unit is designed specificallyfor use in the D500 17-slot subrack or the D500 RAM and features frontconnectors for front cabling access. It can be used in the D500 21-slotsubrack as well. The ADSL48af line card is Annex A compliant,supporting both full-rate and lite ADSL. The ADSL48af card provides linerates of up to 8 Mb/s downstream and 1 Mb/s upstream whereas theADSL48aft can support downstream rate up to 12 Mb/s. Both cardssupport fixed rate and rate adaptive operation on a port-by-port basis.

. ADSL48ar Line Card



65 (118)


The ADSL48ar line card provides 48 ports of DMT line encoding forADSL over POTS services for operators. The unit is used only in theD500-21 subrack (ANSI version) and features rear connectors for rearcabling access. The ADSL48ar line card is compliant with ITU-T G.992.1/2 Annex A, supporting both full-rate and lite ADSL. The card provides linerates of up to 8 Mb/s downstream and 1 Mb/s upstream and supports bothfixed rate and rate adaptive operation on a port-by-port basis.

. ADSL48bf Line Card

The ADSL48bf line card provides 48 ports of DMT line encoding forADSL over ISDN services for operators. The unit is designed specificallyfor use in the D500-17 subrack (ETSI version) or the D500 RAM andfeatures front connectors for front cabling access. The ADSL48bf line cardis Annex B compliant, supporting full-rate ADSL. The card provides linerates of up to 8 Mbit/s downstream and 1 Mbit/s upstream and supportsboth fixed rate and rate adaptive operation on a port-by-port basis.

. ADSL2+ Line Cards (af, bf)

The 48-port ADSL2+ line card has been developed to improve rate andreach performance with better modulation efficiency and reduced framingoverhead. ADSL2+ doubles the used bandwidth providing downstreamrates up to 25 Mbit/s. It can also be used to reduce cross talk in remoteinstallations by masking the downstream band up to 1.1MHz.

SHDSL24 Line Cards

SHDSL does not provide the possibility of carrying a voice connection over thesame line, and therefore POTS splitting is not required. SHDSL uses Voice overDSL (VoDSL) to carry ATM-packetized voice over the DSL system. Therefore,the same bandwidth can be used equally for both voice and data traffic.

SHDSL24 line cards can provide VoDSL digitised voice plus data at symmetricalupstream and downstream rates between 192 kbit/s and 2.3 Mbit/s (in 64 kbit/sincrements) over single pair copper loops. With pair bonding over dual pairs,SHDSL can achiever rates of up to 4.6 Mbit/s. SHDSL uses Trellis coded PulseAmplitude Modulation (TC-PAM) modulation with enhanced spectralcompatibility characteristics.

. SHDSL24f Line Card

The SHDSL24f line card provides 24 ports of G.SHDSL line encoding andis software configurable to be either Annex A or Annex B compliantdepending on the needs of the operator. The unit is designed for use in theD500-17 subrack (ETSI version) and D500 RAM. It features frontconnectors for front cabling access on the subrack. The SHDSL24f linecard supports symmetric variable rate services from 144 kbit/s to 2.3Mbit/sin 64kbit/s increments and also provides fast and interleave path support,



Product Description

which can be provisioned on a port-by-port basis, but not on the same portconcurrently. The line card also supports fixed and rate adaptive training,which can be provisioned on a per-port basis. The card supports 24 ports ofsymmetric bit-rate transmission using Multi level Trellis Coded PulseAmplitude Modulation (TC PAM).

. SHDSL24r Line Card

The SHDSL24r line card provides 24 ports of G.SHDSL line encoding andis Annex A compliant. The unit is designed for use in the D500-21 subrack(ANSI version) and features rear connectors for rear cabling access. TheSHDSL24r line card supports symmetric variable rate services from64kbps to 2.3Mbps in 64kbps increments and also provides fast andinterleave path support, which can be provisioned on a port-by-port basis,but not on the same port concurrently. The line card also supports fixed andrate adaptive training, which can be provisioned on a per-port basis. Thecard supports 24 ports of symmetric bit-rate transmission using Multi levelTrellis Coded Pulse Amplitude Modulation (TC PAM).

VDSL24 Line Cards

The VDSL24 line cards can provide VDSL data transmissions at up to 22 Mbit/sdownstream and 3 Mbit/s upstream, depending upon line conditions and bandplan. VDSL uses Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT) modulation to transmit data in the25 kHz to 12 MHz frequency spectrum. It divides the frequency range into 4096discrete bands or bins, each with 4 kHz bandwidth. Of the available frequency,POTS uses 0.3 to 3.4 kHz, and ISDN uses 1 to 80 kHz, which can be separatedfrom data bandwidth through the use of external low pass filter cards. Each bin isindependently modulated. This means that DMT can monitor signal to noise ratioof each bin, detect which bins are impaired, and shift bandwidth to the bestchannels.

. VDSL24df Line Card

The VDSL24df line card provides 24 ports of DMT (ITU-T G.993.1standard) line encoding. The unit is designed for use in the D500-21subrack (ANSI version) and D500 RAM and features front connectors forfront cabling access. The VDSL24df is compliant with the ANSI T1E1.4 /Annex D VDSL specification and is designed to perform at industry-standard rates.

. VDSL24ef Line Card

The VDSL24ef line card provides 24 ports of DMT (ITU-T G.993.1standard) line encoding. The unit is designed for use in the D500-17subrack (ETSI version) and D500 RAM and features front connectors forfront cabling access. The VDSL24ef is compliant with the ETSI TS101270 / Annex E VDSL specification and is designed to perform atindustry-standard rates.



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Low Pass Filter (LPF) Cards

You can virtually �install� the splitter cards in Craft Terminal.

Note

The LPF cards can be installed in the special LPF shelf in all cases and this willmeet the EMC requirements specified for the D500 node. Operationally the LPFcard can be installed in a D500 subrack, but depending on the exact cardequipping and placement it may violate EMC requirements.

. LPF24af Low Pass Filter Card

The LPF24af card splits the low frequency voice signal from the highfrequency data signal; the voice signal is sent to the voice switch, and thedata signal is sent to the D500. Each splitter card provides 24 ports ofADSL Annex A POTS splitter functionality per ETSI requirements (TR101 728 v1.1.1). All signals to the subscriber, PSTN network, and ADSLline card are routed through three standard front panel Champ connectors.See figure LPF (splitter) card- generic diagram .

. LA24asf Low Pass Filter Card

The LA24asf low pass filter card provides 24 ports of ADSL line filtering.The unit is Annex A compliant and features front connectors for frontcabling access on the D500 LPF shelf, D500 17-slot subrack, or D500RAM. The unit is an alternate ETSI POTS splitter card which is usedwidely in Scandinavia.

. LA24bf Low Pass Filter Card

The LA24bf low pass filter card provides 24 ports of ADSL line filtering.The unit is Annex B compliant and features front connectors for frontcabling access on the D500 low pass filter shelf (LPFS), D500 17-slotsubrack, or D500 RAM.

You can use this card for all VDSL line filtering applications, too.

. LA48af Low Pass Filter Card

The LA48af low pass filter card provides 48 ports of ADSL line filtering.The unit is Annex A compliant and features front connectors for frontcabling access on the D500 low pass filter shelf (LPFS).

. LA48bf Low Pass Filter Card



Product Description

The LA48bf low pass filter card provides 48 ports of ADSL line filtering.The unit is Annex B compliant and features front connectors for frontcabling access on the D500 low pass filter shelf (LPFS).



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Product Description

3 D500 subrack power supply and cabling

Warning

The 48 VDC power must be disconnected at its source before connectingwiring to the power supply adapter. A wired power supply adapter must notbe removed without first disconnecting the power at its source.

3.1 Broadband Power Supply Adapter (BB-PSA)

D500 17-slot and 21-slot subracks are powered by Central Office -48 volts DCpower systems (consisting of batteries and rectifiers). The Central Office powersupply is connected to the D500 subrack at the Broadband Power Supply Adapter(BB-PSA). The D500 node requires -40.5 to -60.0 V DC Central Office power.The BB-PSA can supply power to a maximum of three D500 subracks, see thefigure below.

Ready-made cables for power supply cabling between the BB-PSA and D500 areavailable from Nokia. The figure below illustrates the cabling principle betweenthe BB-PSA and the D500 subrack.



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D500 subrack power supply and cabling

Figure 30. Cabling between the BB-PSA and D500 subrack

The power output connectors (see the figure below) are used for distributingbattery voltage for the subracks. There are three pieces of 3-pin polarised 3W3type connectors (power-sub D connectors) for power outputs to the subracks.

The battery input terminal block (see the figure below) is used for connectingbattery voltage inputs for central battery voltages. The input terminals arecommon to both power modules.

BB-PSA++

Batt. A Batt. B

D500



Product Description

Figure 31. BB-PSA construction

The BB-PSA has two redundant power modules with three uniform outputs forfeeding the central battery voltage. Each output is connected to the load through acircuit breaker in the negative supply line. The maximum total current suppliedby each of the two BB-PSA power modules is 90 A with the followingrestrictions: the maximum load per module is 60 A and the maximum load peroutput is 30 A. Should a module fail, the red LED of the power module indicatesthe failure state (Energy Storage Fuse Alarm). The alarm is also shown as BayAlarm.

The motherboard filtering circuits in the subracks provides EMC filtering,supplied by the BB-PSA

MountingBrackets

Energy Storage Fuse Alarms

Rack Alarm OutputConnectors Rack Alarm

LEDs

Bay Alarm

CircuitBreakers

Power OutputConnectors Battery Input

Terminals

Rack AlarmInputs



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The BB-PSA functions include a rack alarm circuit board for converting thealarm inputs from the subracks to LED indications and combined relay outputsfor node alarm monitoring. In case any of the Subrack�s unit-specific on-boardconverters should fail, there is also an auxiliary DC/DC converter on the BB-PSAfor powering up the alarm functions on the failed board and the LEDs of the plug-in units in the subracks.

The BB-PSA can receive three types of rack alarms from the equipment subracksthrough RJ-45 connectors and visually show them as rack alarms using the threeLEDs or forward them as relay contacts through the rack alarm outputconnectors. The alarm types are critical, major, and minor. The acknowledgementalarm for ACO (Automatic Cut Off) is shown with a green LED. The visual rack-specific bay alarm is generated if any visual or audible alarm is on. It is visiblewithin a 180-degree radius of the rack.

3.2 Optical trunk and tributary interfaces

The optical interfaces used to interface to the D500 DSLAM share a number ofcommon properties independent of the rate or type of interface (for exampleGigabit Ethernet).

Multimode interfaces are normally used for intra-office applications, andnormally operate at a wavelength of 850 nanometers (nm) using graded indexfibre optic cable with a core diameter of 50 or 62.5 microns and outer claddingdiameter of 125 microns (for example, GI 50/125 micron MMF cable).

Singlemode interfaces are normally used for inter-office applications, andtypically operate at a nominal wavelength of 1310 nm using low-loss fibre opticcable with a core diameter of 9 microns and outer cladding diameter of 125microns (9/125-micron SMF cable). The singlemode interfaces have severaloptions, with maximum reach up to tens of kilometers.

Due to the wavelength response characteristics of the detectors, it is not possibleto interwork between the 850-nm multimode and 1310-nm singlemode interfaces,and any test equipment used must also be fitted with the correct interface.

The tables below show the performance to be expected from the various interfacetypes.



Product Description

Table 6. Expected performance from various interfacetypes in T36423 cards

Unit Interfacetype

Fibretype

Con-nectortype

Operat-ingrange

Opticalpathattenua-tion

T36423.03 1000Base.SX(IEEE 802.3z)

Multi-mode

LC Up to 550m (GI 50/125 µmfibre)

Up to 275m (GI62.5/125µm fibre)

0...7.5 dB

0...7.5 dB

T36423.04 1000Base-LXLong Haul(IEEE 802.3z)

Single-mode

LC Up tp 10km

0...8 dB

T336423.05 1000Base-LXExtraLongHaul(IEEE802.3z)

Single-mode

LC Up to 20km

4...13 dB

Table 7. Expected performance from various interface types supportedin T36412 cards

Unit Interfacetype

Fibretype

Connec-tor type

Operat-ingrange

OpticalTxpower

OpticalRxpower

T36412.11 OC-3/STM-1S1.1 singlemode (ShortHaul)

ShortHaul1310nm

LC 15 km -15 & -8dBm

-28 & -8dBm

T36412.21 OC-3/STM-1L1.1 singlemode (LongHaul)

LongHaul1310nm

LC 40 km -5 & 0dBm

-34 & -10dBm



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Table 7. Expected performance from various interface types supportedin T36412 cards (cont.)

Unit Interfacetype

Fibretype

Connec-tor type

Operat-ingrange

OpticalTxpower

OpticalRxpower

T36412.31 OC-3/STM-1(Multi mode)

Multimode1310nm

MTRJ 2 km -22.5 & -14 dBm(GI 50/125mm fibre)

-19 & -14dBm (GI62.5/125mm fibre)

-31 & -14dBm

Note that given distances are only target values, not to be used as specifications asthese values are based on typical cable attenuation. In addition, also dispersion isa limiting factor for the distance. For T36423.05, an additional optical attenuatormay be needed if the minimum attenuation value is not achieved in the opticalpath.

Table 8. Expected performance from various interface types usingSFP modules in T37420.01 control unit

SFP Interfacetype

Fibretype,wavelength

Connec-tor type

Operat-ingrange

Opticaltx power

Opticalrx powerrange

T 37421.01 1000Base-SX(IEEE 802.3z)

Multi-mode850 nm

LC 2 m to550 m (GI50/125µm fibre

2 m to275 m(GI62.5/125 µmfibre)

-9,5...0dBm

-17...0dBm

T 37422.01 1000Base-LX,Long Haul(IEEE 802.3z)

Single-mode1310 nm

LC Up to 10km

-9.5...-3dBm

-20...-3dBm

T37423.01 1000Base-LX,Extra LingHaul (IEEE802.3z)

Single-mode1310 nm

LC Up to 40km

-4.5...0 -22.5...-3



Product Description

Table 8. Expected performance from various interface types usingSFP modules in T37420.01 control unit (cont.)

SFP Interfacetype

Fibretype,wavelength

Connec-tor type

Operat-ingrange

Opticaltx power

Opticalrx powerrange

T37424.01 1000Base-LX,Extra LongHaul (IEEE802.3z)

Single-mode1550 nm

LC Up to 80km

-2...+3dBm

-24...-3dBm

Note

T37421.01 is not to be used in temperatures below 0oC

Note that given distances are only target values, not to be used as specifications asthese values are based on typical cable attenuation. In addition, also dispersion isa limiting factor for the distance. For 1000Base-LX Extra long haul an additionaloptical attenuator may be needed if the minimum attenuation value is notachieved in the optical path.

3.2.1 Ethernet network cabling

The D500 Gigabit Ethernet interface usually connects to layer 2/3 switch ordirectly to IP router either co-located with DSLAM or in another site. It usesstandard LC connectors and is available as a short-haul, multimode version, along-haul single-mode, and an extra long-haul single mode version.

3.2.2 ATM network cabling

The D500 subrack supports OC-3/STM-1 interfaces for the ATM network. Whenconnecting the D500 to an ATM network, the fibre interface from the D500 trunkis terminated at either an ATM switch or the ODF (Optical Distribution Frame) inthe Central Office. Optical fibres with LC or MT- RJ connectors connect the ODFto the faceplate of the STM-1/OC-3 tributary unit on the D500. The D500supports multi-mode and single-mode (short haul and long haul) (9/125 micron)optical fibres.



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3.3 Cabling in multiple node configurations

When subtending another D500, D50e/D50 or a third-party DSLAM to the D500,cabling from the subtended equipment is connected to the OC-3/STM-1 tributaryunit. If the D500 is connected to a D50e/D50 Master Control Shelf (MCS), thecable is terminated at the OC-3/STM-1 Link Interface in the MCS.

3.4 Subscriber line cabling

For R3.x, the D500 node can be configured for ADSL, SHDSL and VDSLservices. For ADSL and VDSL line cards, the D500 node can be configured fordata only or data plus voice by the addition of low pass filter cards. Low passfilter cards may be located either in a low pass filter subrack, or, with somelimitations, in the D500 (or the D500 RAM). The subscriber line carries DSLservices between subscriber network and the D500 node.

In a data plus voice configuration, the POTS or ISDN channel is split off from thedigital channels at the low pass filter card. The line cabling varies, depending onwhether the D500 node is configured for data service only or data plus voiceservice using an external low pass filter subrack and cards.

Because SHDSL uses VoDSL to transport ATM-packetized voice directly overthe DSL network, low pass filter cards are not used in the SHDSL configuration.When the D500 node is configured for SHDSL service, the connection betweenthe subscriber network and SHDSL24 line card is made at the CHAMPconnectors on the front plate of the line cards.

ADSL and VDSL data-only-service configuration

When the ADSL and VDSL cards are configured for data service only, theconnection between the subscriber network and the line card is made at theCHAMP connectors on the front plate of the line cards (the D500 17-slot and 21-slot subracks).

The 17-slot or 21-slot subrack with 48 port ADSL48 cards can accommodateconnection to a maximum of 720 or 912 cable/pairs respectively at the MainDistribution Frame (MDF).

The 17-slot or 21-slot subrack with 24 port VDSL24 cards can accommodateconnection to a maximum of 360 or 456 cable/pairs respectively at the MainDistribution Frame (MDF).



Product Description

ADSL and VDSL data-plus-voice configuration

When the ADSL and VDSL cards are configured for data-plus-voice service, theconnection between the subscriber network and the line card is made at the D500Low Pass Filter (LPF) card. Data plus voice frequency signals are received fromthe customer at the LPF card located either in an low pass filter shelf, or with theknown limitations in the D500 subrack or D500 RAM. The LPF card splits thelow frequency voice signal from the high frequency data signal. The voice signalis sent onto the voice switch (for POTS or ISDN) unimpeded; the data signal isreceived by the line card at the CHAMP connectors on the front plate of the linecards.

SHDSL Voice-over-DSL (VoDSL) Configuration

When the D500 node is configured for SHDSL service, the connection betweenthe subscriber network and SHDSL24af line card is made at the CHAMPconnectors on the front plate of the line cards. Because SHDSL uses VoDSL totransport ATM-packetized voice directly over the DSL network, neither POTS,nor ISDN splitters are used in the SHDSL configuration.

Combined POTS card and xDSL card configuration

If POTS card is used there are four different ways to implement the cabling forthe units.

. In ETSI version with internal splitters the line cable (both low and highband) is connected to POTS card (lower) CHAMP connector. The (upper)SCSI connector is connected to the adjacent xDSL card CHAMP with theinter-connection cable.

. In ANSI version the line cable is routed to the back of the subrack and theinter-connection piece is connected directly in front CHAMP connectors ofthe POTS and xDSL cards.

. If an ETSI version with external splitters is used, the POTS line cable isconnected in the front CHAMP connector of the POTS card and the dataline cable is connected in the front CHAMP connector of the xDSL card.

. If an ANSI version is used with external splitters, the POTS line cable anddata line cables are connected in the back side of the subrack.



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Product Description

4 Site configurations and usageconsiderations

There are some facts which are worth considering when you plan the deploymentof your equipment. Under certain conditions some of the circumscriptionsdescribed in this chapter might appear. This section describes the internalarchitecture of the D500 along with known limitations inside the node. With thisinformation you can make better decisions how to equip the D500.

4.1 D500 Site Configurations

Main Configuration Categories

. 2 market areas defined by two telecommunication standards: ANSI andETSI.

. 2 subrack types for each area:

- D500 Node with 17 slots for the ETSI market area (subrack withfront cabling), and D500 node with 21 slots for the ANSI and theETSI market areas (subrack with front and rear cabling);

- D500 RAM with front cabling.

. 4 scenarios for low pass filter cards (cards for splitting voice from data):

- no splitters used

- external splitters in the same rack: splitters installed in separatesubracks in the same cabinet

- external splitters in a separate cabinet: splitters installed in separatesubracks in a separate rack

- integrated solution: splitters installed in the D500 subrack or D500RAM

As shown above, the D500 MSAP is available in 16 (2 x 2 x 4) main variants.



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Site configurations and usage considerations

Variable features in recommended configurations

Configuration Parameters:

. At network level:

- ANSI or ETSI

- NetAct packages and line fees: Network Management packages

- Support Services.

. At site level:

- System software

- Configuration Type (4 splitter scenarios x 2 subrack types)

- Trunk/network interface type and option for cascading the D500Nodes and/or D500 RAMs by using tributary units.

- Subscriber (xDSL) line type and line amount by 48-port and/or 24-port incre-ments.

- Customer tail cabling (MDF-cabling) options: none, Champ-connector set or Tail Cable 6-75 m (20-245 feet).

- Powering options:

- none;

- BB-PSA;

- Power Switch Panel (PSP);

- Power/Alarm Unit (for the D500 RAM).

The powering alternatives are DC or AC. Default is DC.

The power selection affects the alarm and powering cabling.

The D500 RAM contains its own power/alarm unit and it can beconnected to the BB-PSA or the PSP for operation.

Fixed Parameters for Site Configurations:

. Fixed internal links (some optical and copper wiring inside theconfiguration).

. Standard mechanics (open 500-mm ETSI rack, 19-inch rack, or 23 inch by7 foot telco relay rack), or application specific mechanics like outdoorcabinet)

. Subrack, power, alarm and ground cabling.

Recommended Site Configurations (Volume Configurations)

A1 Site Configuration



Product Description

Rack containing one D500 subrack (or D500 RAM), and two D500 LPF shelves(low pass filter shelves) (with 17 or 4 slots) with splitters in the same rack(cabinet). Options for the rack:

. a standard 500-mm rack or a 19-inch network rack, providing up to:

- 720 ADSL lines, or 360 VDSL or SHDSL lines (in a D500 nodewith 17 slots);

- 192 ADSL lines, or 96 VDSL or SHDSL lines (per D500 RAM).

. a standard 23 inch by 7 foot telco relay rack, providing up to:

- 912 ADSL lines, or 456 VDSL or SHDSL lines (in a node with 21slots);

- 192 ADSL lines, or 96 VDSL or SHDSL lines (in a D500 RAM).



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Figure 32. A1 site configuration with node and 17-slot LPFS


D500 Subrack

Cable supporttrays

1st D500LPFS

2nd D500LPFS


25-48 ports

1-24 ports

POTS MDF

Data / POTS MDF

1-24 ports

25-48 ports



TC 24-pair Tail Coppercable with openend(6 m, 15 m, 30 m, 50 m, 75m)

Note: The 24-pair Copper Cables are ETSI colour codedand Halogen free. The longer jumper cables are routednot on the front of the first D500 LPF Subrack, but to theside (to the left or the right)! The Power Switch Panelincludes power cables for one D500.

Data / POTS MDF

POTS MDF





Product Description

Figure 33. Site configuration with D500 RAM and 4-slot LPF shelves

DC BB-PSA orPower Switch Panel

POTS MDF

4-slot LPFS

1 set cable support tray(includes two pieces)

JC BB-PSA to D500 RAMpower cable set (2.5m), usedwith D500 RAM power/alarmcard or open-end cable foryour own PSA

JC 24-pair Jumper Cableswith reversed connectors(cables are routed to the top)


Data / POTS MDF

TC 24-pair Tail Coppercable with open end

(6m, 15m, 30m,50m, 75m)

Note: The 24-pair Copper Cables are ETSI colour codedand Halogen free. The Power Switch Panel includespower cables for 3xD500. The BB-PSA has ANSI, ETSIand 19" brackets



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Figure 34. D500 RAM with 48-port LPF cards


Rack containing up to three D500 nodes; cascading option without splitters (data-only solution) or with external splitters in a separate rack (cabinet). D500 LPFSubracks with 17 slots are included automatically in the configuration if externalsplitters are used

It is technically possible to use D500 RAMs instead of D500 nodes.

Options for the rack:

. A standard 500-mm rack or a 19-inch network rack, providing up to 2 160ADSL lines, or up to 1080 VDSL or SHDSL lines (in nodes with 17 slots).

. A standard 23 inch by 7 foot telco relay rack, providing up to 2 736 ADSLlines, or up to 1 368 VDSL or SHDSL lines (in nodes with 21 slots).

Power Adapter

D500 RAM

Power Cables

Voice MDF

Cable Tie

POTS MDF

Data / POTS MDF

Control Units



Product Description

Figure 35. A2 site configuration


D500 Subrack

Cable supporttrays


25-48 ports

1-24 ports

To MDF or LPF

D500 Subrack

25-48 ports

1-24 ports

25-48 ports

1-24 portsTo MDF or LPF

To MDF or LPF

To MDF or LPF

To MDF or LPF

To MDF or LPF

TC 24-pair Tail Coppercable with open end(6 m, 15 m, 30 m, 50 m, 75m)

D500 Subrack

Note: The 24-pair Copper Cables are ETSI colour codedand Halogen free. The Power Switch Panel includespower cables for 3xD500. The BB-PSA has ANSI, ETSIand 19" brackets.





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Cascading Option: Special configuration for Type A2 Site Configuration, whichchanges the calculation rules. Cascading is possible only in A2 type configurationwhere you cascade the master D500 to the two lower D500 nodes or D500 RAMsby using OC-3/STM-1 tributary unit in the master D500 and OC-3/STM-1 trunkunit in the slave D500 in R2 configurations and Gigabit Ethernet Short Haul(MM) interface in R3 configurations.



Product Description

Figure 36. 23-inch rack installation, front view



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Figure 37. 23-inch rack installation, rear view



Product Description

Figure 38. Cascading option of A2 site configuration

Cascading in the case of the 23 inch ANSI subrack is similar to the 19 inchsubrack. The connections for the MDF and the LPF should be done from the rearside of the subrack.


D500 Subrack

Cable supporttrays


25-48 ports

1-24 ports

To MDF or LPF

D500 Subrack

25-48 ports

1-24 ports

25-48 ports

1-24 ports To MDF or LPF

To MDF or LPF

To MDF or LPF

To MDF or LPF

To MDF or LPF

TC 24-pair Tail Coppercable with open end(6 m, 15 m, 30 m, 50 m, 75m)

D500 Subrack

Note: The 24-pair Copper Cables are ETSI colour codedand Halogen free. The Power Switch Panel includespower cables for 3xD500. The BB-PSA has ANSI, ETSIand 19" brackets.



Tributary Unit



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Rack for one D500 node or D500 RAM, with integrated splitters in the subrack.

Options for the rack:

. a standard 500-mm rack or a 19-inch network rack, providing up to:

- 336 ADSL lines, or 168 VDSL lines (in a D500 node with 17 slots);

- 48 ADSL or VDSL lines (per D500 RAM).

. a standard 23 inch by 7 foot telco relay rack, providing up to:

- 336 ADSL lines or 192 VDSL lines (in a node with 21 slots);

- 48 ADSL lines, or 168 VDSL lines (per D500 RAM).

Tail Cabling (MDF cabling) for Line Cards:

Choices for cable length for the installation of the line cards:

. None

. Connector set

. 6 m (20 feet)

. 15 m (49 feet)

. 30 m (98 feet)

. 50 m (164 feet)

. 75 m (246 feet).

4.2 Amount of Connections

The maximum number of ATM connections in a D500 node is 8000 on top ofwhich D500 can manage 8000 IP flows. The connections can be between thetrunk/control unit and a line card, between the trunk and a tributary unit, betweena tributary unit and a line card, and/or between two tributary units.

The maximum number of ATM connections that can be terminated in a single linecard is 400. There are no limitations regarding how many connections can beterminated in the trunk unit or tributary units, as long as the connectionslimitation for the whole node is observed.



Product Description

4.2.1 Suggestions and comments

The number of connections should not normally be a problem. If it becomes anissue because of subtending the D500 to other equipment, the connectionsthrough the master node to the subtended nodes could be done as a couple of VPconnections instead of hundreds of VC connections.

4.2.2 Bandwidth and packet processing

The D500 traffic switching capacity depends on the connection model, that is,whether the transport layer is ATM or Ethernet and whether the traffic is switchedon the layer 2 or IP level. With Ethernet switching the capacity can be up to 1.5million packets per second but with large amount of ATM connections thecapacity might drop to around 1M packets. However, this capacity is adequate forall the typical installations and can only be exceeded with several tributaryconnections.

The output bandwidth from the control unit has been divided to four sections. Thefirst three (1-3) sections control the line card slots 1-5, 6-10 and 13-17,respectively. The last section is allocated for the trunk interface and the line cardslots 18-21 in the D500 21-slot subrack. Every line card slot has a programmableport controller, which can be set according to the card type with the limitation of2.5 Gb/s total bandwidth. In practise this means that sections 1-3 can each hostfrom zero to two OC-3/STM-1 tributary cards in addition to DSL cards. In thefourth section the port manager for the trunk interface requires such broadbandwidth that tributary cards should not be used in line card slots 16-19.

In the D500 every card slot has to be allocated at least the bandwidth required fora line card (384 Mb/s). In practise this limits the number of OC-3/STM-1tributary cards, which require bandwidth of 600 Mb/s, to two per section and sixper subrack. In the future releases with new tributary and line card versions thisnumber is subject to change.

Table 9. The allocated bandwidth for different connections

Configured Connection for PortManager

Rate

ADSL48 Line Card 384 Mb/s

ADSL2+ Line Card 1000 Mb/s

SHDSL24 Line Card 384 Mb/s

VDSL24 Line Card 384 Mb/s



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Table 9. The allocated bandwidth for different connections (cont.)

Configured Connection for PortManager

Rate

4*STM-1/OC-3 Tributary Unit 600 Mb/s

Gigabit Ethernet Trunk Interface 1000 Mb/s

The provisioning of the connections is discussed in more detail in D500 customerdocumentation Provisioning.

4.2.3 Bandwidth considerations in equipping D500

The packet based control units have some limitations in total throughput (i.e. inthe trunk side), and in the total throughput to the tributaries/linecards.

Whilst the total throughput is limited to about 2 Gbit/s due to the capacity of thepacket processor implementation in these units, the downstream bandwidth canbe much higher (up to 4 x 2.5 Gbit/s) if significant numbers of multicast channelsare in use.

The slots in the subracks are divided up into a maximum of 4 sections. Sections 1,2 and 3 can provide a maximum of 2.5 Gbit/s throughput. Section 4 can providethe same maximum, but in this case the bandwidth is shared between the slots andthe trunk interface(s) on the CU card. The CU consumes 1 Gbit/s, leaving 1.5Gbit/s for linecards and tributaries.When planning the subrack equippingconfiguration, these limitations need to be taken into account for reliableoperation. Below is a a table showing the units and capacity requirements of theD500.

Unit Type Capacity reserved (Mbit/s)

ADSL line card 330

ADSL2+ line card 500

VDSL line card 330

SHDSL line card 59

OC-3/STM-1 tributary 600

E1/DS1 tributary 36

E3 tributary 276



Product Description

Unit Type Capacity reserved (Mbit/s)

DS3 tributary 359

Empty Slot 6

Note

It is not allowed to install OC-3/STM-1 tributary card with four ADSL2+ linecards in the same 5-line card section (slots 1-5, 6-10 , 13-17).

Below is an example of a allowed configuration with a OC-3/STM-1 tributarycard.

Slots 1 - 10 ADSL2+ linecard

Slot 11 CU3

Slot 12 Empty

Slot 13 - 15 ADSL2+ line card

Slot 16 Empty

Slot 17 OC-3/STM-1 tributary card



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Product Description

5 Support services

The support services options provided for the D500 MSAP are described here.

5.1 Broadband Access Support Services Modules

There are four modules of services grouped in two categories: Care SupportServices and HWS (Hardware Support Services).

Care Support Services:

- Care.

- Software Release (SR) plus Care.

Hardware Support Services:

- Repair & Return (RR).

- Advanced Replacement (AR).

Support Web:

Your calls are registered and validated against service level agreements in Nokia'scase-tracking facility. It is sophisticated, easy-to-use web-based facility forlogging, tracking and reporting issues which have arisen in your networks. Withthis facility we provide timely and effective technical assistance. Issues aretracked, managed and resolved using the advanced case-management system anda proven escalation process which ensure the continuity of the service request. Allcustomer and product information resides in a unified database. It is accessiblefrom all TAC (Technical Assistance Centers) locations. This enablescomprehensive and expert technical assistance on a global scale.

Technical Assistance Centers (TAC):



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Support services

If a critical issue arises, first try to resolve it by using the Support Webinformation. If this does not help, the Broadband Access Support Servicesprovide contact to the TAC engineers worldwide, ensuring expert technicalassistance for all hardware and software problems. With TAC support, endcustomers can receive fast and secure access to comprehensively trained, high-level Nokia service engineers 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

Care Support Services

Compared to the Care option, Software Release (SR) plus Care is a moreextensive option complemented with the Software Release service module. Itprovides access to software fixes and updates plus software revisions. Thisservice module can be purchased as a one to five years option. For moreinformation see Support Services Details.

Hardware Support Services

Repair & Return (RR) provides an extension to the standard warranty that isprovided with the original equipment purchase. This service module can bepurchased as a one to five years option.

Advanced Replacement (AR) provides a better alternative to Repair & Return.Advanced Replacement provides next business day dispatch of an equipmentreplacement enabling you to keep a smaller inventory of spare parts in stock. Thisservice module can be purchased as a one to five years option. For moreinformation see Support Services Details below.

5.2 Support Services Details

Support Web:

Support Web Access provides Unlimited Trouble Calls per year for your trainedtechnicians. It also provides designated engineers from your team full access to:

- Secure telephone and web-based assistance, 7x24x365.

- Secure online access to Support Web's database to view and enter cases.

- Secure online access to Knowledge Base, online RMAs (Return MaterialAuthorizations) for warranty services, Service Contract Center and full productdocumentation libraries, and the Nokia Learning Channel.

- Proactive notification services for new releases, alerts and updates.

Care:



Product Description

Care provides Technical Support and for all supported Nokia Broadband Systemsproducts, Support Web access, and TAC access with new service elements:Unlimited trouble calls/cases per contract year.

Software Release (SR) plus Care:

This solution option provides all the Care elements plus access to SoftwareRelease services. This includes Software Upgrades and Fixes plus new revisions.Software Release service provides:

- New version releases (also known as version releases) of Nokia software.

- Maintenance release updates and error correction (also known as point releases)of Nokia software.

Software Release service provides designated customer engineers full access tonew version or point releases of software through the following means:

- Proactive notification services for new releases, alerts, and updates.

- Secure web-based access, 7x24x365, for downloading software.

Repair & Return (RR) Hardware Service:

This option provides unlimited access to unlimited cases of Repair and Return ofNokia hardware, determined by the you and confirmed by Nokia to be defective.An effective �warranty extension� solution, Repair and Return HWS (HardwareServices) is available for existing networks in a specially priced one-year term orfor new networks, a value-priced three-year term. You ship the hardware to Nokiaat your expense.

Standard RMA (Return Material Authorization) procedures apply. Repair andReturn Hardware Services provide:

- 30 business-day turnaround.

- An extension to the Nokia standard equipment warranty.

- Nokia repairs or replaces the equipment and returns the hardware at Nokiaexpense (excluding customs or duties).

Advanced Replacement (AR) Hardware Service:



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Support services

This solution option provides unlimited access to the Next Business DayAdvanced Replacement of Nokia hardware, determined by you and confirmed byNokia to be defective. Advanced Replacement HWS is available for existingnetworks in a specially priced one-year term or for new networks, a value-pricedthree-year term. Standard RMA procedures apply for returned defective goods.Advanced Replacement HWS service provides:

- An upgrade to the Nokia standard equipment warranty.

- Replacement hardware will be shipped on the next business day for requestsreceived by 1:00 p.m. local TAC time.

- Nokia pays the costs of shipping the replacement parts to you (excludingcustoms or duties).

- You ship the defective part to Nokia at your expense within 5 working days ofreceipt of Advanced Replacement hardware.

Services are not applicable if:

- Products are Out-of-Revision (products shipped more than 36 months prior tocontract initiation).

- Problems are non-Nokia related, including third-party or non-Nokia softwareupdates or non-Nokia hardware related problems.

- Products are not installed, operated or maintained in accordance withspecifications supplied by Nokia.

Note

On-site Hardware support is not part of the support packages.



Product Description

6 Specifications

6.1 D500 standards compliance

Telecommunications standars

The D500 MSAP is a carrier-grade platform designed for operation in mostdemanding telecommunications environments. The D500 complies with majortelecommunications industry standards covering relevant aspects of software andhardware design, network interface, and DSL services.

Electromagnetic compatibility standards

The D500 elements conform to the following electromagnetic compatibility(EMC) and electrical safety standards for telecommunication network equipment:

. EN 300 386, Electromagnetic compatibility

. EN 55022 Class A, Limits and methods of measurement of radiodisturbance char-acteristics of information technology equipment

. GR-1089-CORE, Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electrical Safety

. CISPR 22 (1085).

. EN 50081-2.

. EN 50082-2.

. FCC Part 15 Class A & B

. ITU-T K.20

Electrical specifications

Nominal power supply voltage is -48 or -60V.

. [G.703] Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces;ITU-T G. 703



101 (118)

Specifications

Electrical and Environmental Standards

. ETS 300 019-1-1: Class 1.2, Temperature Range (Storage)

. ETS 300 019-1-2: Class 2.3, Temperature Range (Transport)

. ETS 300 019-1-3: Class 3.1E, Temperature Range (Operation)

. GR-63-CORE, Network Equipment Building System requirements:Physical Protection

. ANSI T1.315, Voltage Levels for DC-powered Equipment

. ETSI EN 300 386, Electromagnetic Compatibility Requirements

. ETSI ETS 300 132-2, Power Supply Interface at Input to TelecomEquipment

. ETSI ETS 300 417-1-6, Synchronization Layer Functions

Mechanical and physical safety standards

. GR-63-CORE, Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS)Requirements: Physical Protection, Issue 1.

. GR-78-CORE, Generic Physical Design Requirements forTelecommunications Products and Equipment, Issue 3.

. GR-49-CORE, Generic Requirements for Outdoor Telephone NetworkInterface Devices.

. IEC 60950 (1999-04), Safety of Information Technology Equipment.Edition 3.0.

. EN 60950

. ETS 300 119-3

. EN 60825-1

. NEBS GR-1089-CORE

Performance parameters

D500 performance parameters meet or exceed standards for bit rate ranges onloops that meet Revised Resistance Design (RRD) guidelines and Carrier ServingArea (CSA) requirements. These standards are met on all D500 supported linecard types.

Various line conditions can affect data rates, such as noise, bridged taps, andcross-talk interference.



Product Description

WAN and digital network interface

. ITU-T G.707 Network Node Interface for the SDH

. ITU-T G.813, Timing Characteristics of SDH Equipment Slave Clocks(SEC)

. ITU-T G.841, Types and Characteristics of SDH Network ProtectionArchitectures

. ITU-T G.957, Optical Interfaces for Equipment and Systems Relating tothe SDH

. Telcordia, GR-253-CORE, Synchronous Optical Network SONETTransport Sys-tem, Issue 2, December 1995.

. ANSI T1.101, Synchronization Interface Standard

. ANSI T1.105, Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) � BasicDescription

. ANSI T1.231, Digital Hierarchy � Layer 1 In-Service Digital TransmissionPM

. ITU-T G.823, Control of Jitter and Wander Within Digital Networks Basedon 2048 kbit/s Hierarchy

. ITU-T I.432, B-ISDN User-Network Interface - Physical LayerSpecification

. ETSI ETS 300 417-1-6, Synchronization Layer Functions

Ethernet features

. IEEE 802.3 IEEE Standards for Local Area Networks

ATM features

. ITU-T 1.610, B-ISDN OAM Principles and Functions

. ITU-T G.707, Network Node Interface for the SDH

. Telcordia, GR-2842-CORE, ATM Service Access Multiplexer (SAM)Generic Crite-ria, Issue 1, Revision 1

. Telcordia, TR-NWT-01112, Broadband ISDN User to Network Interfaceand Net-work Node Interface Physical Layer Criteria

. RFC1483, Multiprotocol Encapsulation over AAL5

. ATM Forum af-tm-0056.000, Traffic Management Specification Version4.0



103 (118)

Specifications

. ATM Forum af-phy-0046.000, 622.08 Mbit/s Physical Layer Specification

. ANSI T1.646, Physical Layer Specification for UNI Including DS1/ATM,ANSI T1

DSL services

. ITU-T G.991.2, Single-Pair High-Speed DSL (SHDSL) transceivers

. ITU-T G.992.1, Annex A, ADSL Over POTS (ANSI). AsymmetricalDigital Subscriber Line (ADSL) Transceivers

. ITU-T G.992.1, Annex B, ADSL Over ISDN (ETSI). AsymmetricalDigital Subscriber Line (ADSL) Transceivers

. ITU-T G.992.2 Annex B, Splitterless Asymmetrical Digital SubscriberLine (ADSL) Transceivers

. ITU-T G.993.1 Annex D, ANSI T1/E1.4 VDSL

. ITU-T G.993.1 Annex E, ETSI TS 101270

. ITU-T G.994.1, Handshake procedures for DSL Transceivers

. ITU-T G.996.1, Test Procedures for DSL Transceivers

. ITU-T G.997.1, Physical Layer Management for DSL Transceivers

. ETSI TS 101 388 v1.1.1, Coexistence of ADSL and ISDN-BA on theSame Pair

. ANSI T1.413 Issue 2, 1998, ADSL Over POTS (US)

LAN standards

. IEEE 802.1q VLAN

. IEEE 802.3, IEEE Standards for Local Area Networks

. RFC826, Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

. RFC1483, Multiprotocol Encapsulation over AAL5

SNMP Interface

. RFC1157, Simple Network Management Protocol

. RFC1902, Structure of Management Information for SNMPv2

. RFC2030, Simple Network Time Protocol Version 4



Product Description

Other IETF standards

. RFC1661, The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

. RFC2236, Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2

. RFC2516, A Method for Transmitting PPP Over Ethernet (PPPoE)

. RFC2661, Layer Two Tunneling Protocol "L2TP"

. RFC2698, A Two Rate Three Color Marker

. RFC3046, DHCP Relay Agent Information Option

. RFC3140 Per Hop Behavior Identification Codes

The D500 is compliant also with the following standards:

. ITU-T G.804, ATM cell mapping into Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy(PDH)

. ATM Forum TM 3.1/4.1

. ITU-T I.610, B-ISDN Operation and Maintenance Principles andFunctions

6.2 D500 MSAP hardware physical specifications

The D500 MSAP (Multi-Service broadband Access Platform) supports threesubrack models, the D500 17-slot subrack, the D500 21-slot subrack, and theD500 Remote Access Module (RAM), each with different mountingrequirements:

. The 17-slot subrack is designed for mounting in a standard 500-mm ETSIrack or in a 19-inch network rack.

. The 21-slot subrack is designed for mounting in a standard 23 inch by 7foot Telco relay rack.

Note

A 7 foot Telco rack can accommodate three D500 subracks where not limited bythe heat dissipation requirements or the size of the power supply adapter.



105 (118)

Specifications

. The D500 RAM is a 6-slot, hardened subrack designed for mounting in aversatile range of remote locations, such as building equipment rooms,Controlled Environmental Vaults (CEVs), and outdoor cabinets. The RAMcan be mounted horizontally in a 500-mm (ETSI), 19-inch or 23-inch rack,or mounted vertically in an enclosure or equipment room.

Table 10. D500 MSAP hardware physical specifications

Assembly Height (mm/in.) Depth (mm/in.) Body width (mm/in.)

D500 node w/17 slots 600/23.62 263/10.35 442/17.4

D500 node w/21 slots 600/23.62 268/10.55 540/21.26

D500 RAM, horizontal 212/8.35 264/10.39 493/19.4

D500 RAM, vertical . 493/19.4 (body height). 575/22.64 (height w/

mounting flanges)

264/10.39 212/8.35

trunk/control units andtributary units

. 400/15.75

. 430/16.93 (with mountingflanges)

250/9.84 25/0.98

line cards same as above same as above same as above

17-slot D500 LPFshelf

440/17.32 (flanges in ETSIposition)

253/9.96 (flanges in ETSIposition)

440/17.32 (flanges inETSI position)

4-slot D500 LFP shelf 115/4.51 253/9.95 433/17.05

D500 low pass filter(splitter) cards

. 400/15.75

. 430/16.93 (with mountingflanges)

250/9.84 25/0.98

BB-PSA . 106/4.24. 115/4.6 (with cabling)

. 240/9.6 (behindadditional ETSI or 19"brackets)

. 280/11.2 (total)

445/17.6

PSP 125/4.92 . 160/6.3 (behindadditional ETSI or 19"brackets);

. 200/7.87 (total)

430/16.93



Product Description

Table 11. D500 MSAP hardware physical specifications(continued)

Assembly Width w/mountingflanges (mm/in.)

Weight (kg/lbs)

D500 node w/17 slots 483/19.02 15/33.07 (without units)

D500 node w/21 slots 593/23.36 . 22/48 (without units). 34.47/76 (without units; with fan

tray)

D500 RAM, horizontal . 534/21.02 (ETSIflanges)

. 590/23.23 (ANSIflanges)

. 10/22.05 (with neither units, norfan tray installed)

. 10.43/23 (without units; withpower/alarm unit and fan trayinstalled)

D500 RAM, vertical - Same as above.

ATM trunk same as above 1.3/2.9

Ethernet trunk same as above 1.3/2.9

TRB155 same as above 0.65/1.43

ADSL same as above 0.7/1.54

SHDSL same as above 0.8/1.76

VDSL same as above 0.6/1.32

17-slot D500 LPF shelf . 535/21.06 (flanges inETSI position)

. 482/18.99 (flanges in19" position)

10/22 /without units)

4-slot D500 LFP shelf . 483/19.01 (flanges in19" position)

5.22/11.5

D500 low pass filter(splitter) cards

- 2/4.41

BB-PSA 483/19.02 9/19

PSP . 483/19.02 (flanges in19" position)

. 535/21.06 (flanges inETSI position)

. 8/17.64 (for one D500 Subrack)

. 9/19 (for three D500 Subracks)



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Specifications

Note

The D500 17-slot and D500 RAM subracks require only front access for network,subscriber and power cabling.

The D500 21-slot subrack requires front and rear access for ATM network,telephone company (Telco) and power cabling for ventilation and maintenance.

6.3 Technical specifications

Table 12. General specifications

DSL ports

Number per unit 48 ports in ADSL

24 ports in SHDSL, VDSL and splitter cards, there is also a 48 port splittercard.

Max. possible number of portsper D500 Subrack/ RAM/ LPFS

. Per D500 17-slot subrack:

- ADSL units: 720 ports.

- SHDSL, VDSL units: 360 ports.. Per D500 21-slot subrack:


- SHDSL, VDSL24 units: 456 ports.

- LPF24 units: 456 ports, if all 19 slots are used.

- LA48. Per D500 RAM:


- SHDSL units: 96 ports.. Per D500 17-slot LPF shelf:

- LPF24 units: 408 ports, if all 17 slots are used.. Per D500 4-slot LPF shelf:

- LPF24 units: 96 ports.

Power Supply and Consumption

Battery voltage Nominal values: -48 VDC

Normal service voltage range: -40,5 to -72 V DC

Abnormal service voltage range: 0 to -40,5 VDC and -72 to 75 VDC



Product Description

Table 12. General specifications (cont.)

Power consumption Control unit with Ethernet interface: max 60 W

Tributary unit with OC-3/STM-1 interface: max 45 W

ADSL

ADSL2+

VDSL24

SHDSL24

Fan tray

idle 35 W max 65 W

idle 35 W max 65 W

max 55 W

max 45 W

30/40 W

Environment

Relative humidity 5 to 95% (non-condensing)

Temperature -40 °C to +65 ° C (-40 °F to 149 °F)

Note

GIGE 1000BASE-SX SFP MODULE D500 (T37421.01): 0 °C to +70°C (32 °F to 158 °F)

Standards � Environmental ETS 300 019-1-1: Class 1.2, Temperature Range (Storage)

ETS 300 019-1-2: Class 2.3, Temperature Range (Transport)

ETS 300 019-1-3: Class 3.1E, Temperature Range (Operation)

GR-63-CORE, Network Equipment Building System requirements: PhysicalProtection (Central Office)

6.4 D500 interfaces

Table 13. D500 interfaces

Unit interface

Ethernet trunk interface

Ethernet trunk interface with SFP module



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Specifications

Table 13. D500 interfaces (cont.)

Unit interface

Type 1000Base-SX SH short haul (<250 m), 850nm multimode version

1000Base-LX LH-long haul (<10km), 1310nm single mode version

1000Base-LX LH-long haul, high power (<20km), 1310nm singlemode version

Connector LC

Nominal bit rate 1000 Mbit/s

Standards IEEE 802.3z, IEEE 802.1Q, RFC 826

ATM tributary interface

Type OC-3/STM-1 MM�multi-mode, medium power application

OC-3/STM-1 SH�single-mode, low power with short-haulapplication

OC-3/STM-1 LH�single mode, high power, long-haul application

Connector OC-3/STM-1 MM with MTRJ connector, OC-3/STM-1 SH and OC-3/STM-1 LH with LC connector

Nominal bit rate 155.52 Mbit/s � OC-3/STM-1

Standards � STM-1 ITU-T G.707 Network Node Interface for the SDHITU-T G.957Optical Interfaces for Equipment and Systems Relating to the SDH

Standards � OC-3 GR-253-CORE, Synchronous Optical Network SONET TransportSystem, Issue 2, December 1995

Standards � ATM payload ITU-T G.707 Network Node Interface for the SDH

GR-2842-CORE, TR-NWT-01112

Traffic class CBR, VBR-rt, VBR-nrt, UBR

UNI 3.1

ADSL interface

Ports per subrack 48 ports per ADSL line card

48 ports per ADSL2+ line card

192 ports per D500 RAM

720 ports per D500 17-slot subrack

912 ports per D500 21-slot subrack.



Product Description


Unit interface

Type ITU.T G992.1 and G992.2 compliant G.dmt, G.lite

ADSL2+ Speed Up to 24 Mbit/s downstream; up to 1024 kbit/s upstream.

G.dmt � Speed Up to 8.1 Mbit/s downstream; up to 1024 kbit/s upstream.

G.lite � Speed Up to 1536 kbit/s downstream; up to 512 kbit/s upstream

VDSL interface

VDSL Ports per subrack* 24 ports per VDSL line card




Type ITU.T G.993.1 Annex D and Annex E

Framing Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT)

Speed Downstream/Upstream Mbit/s over 24 AWG wire:

Band Plan 997, 24-port 10/10 @ 1 067 m (3,500 ft.);

16/1 @ 1 768 m (5,800 ft.)

Band Plan 997, 12-port 10/10 @ 1 250 m (4,100 ft.); 22/3 @ 1 402 m (4,600 ft.); 16/1 @ 1250 m (4,100 ft.)

Band Plan 998, 24-port 22/3 @ 1 341 m (4,400 ft.); 16/1 @ 1 768 m (5,800 ft.)

Band Plan 998, 12-port 52/11 @ 732 m (2,400 ft.); 6/6 @ 1 280 m (4,200 ft.); 22/3 @ 1 463m (4,800 ft.)

SHDSL interface

Ports per subrack 24 ports per SHDSL line card




Framing Trellis coded Pulse Amplitude Modulation (TC-PAM)



111 (118)

Specifications


Unit interface

G.shdl � Speed

Single copper pair (1-port)

Dual copper pair (2-ports)

2.3 Mbit/s

4.6 Mbit/s

144 kbit/s to 2304 kbit/s, in 64 kbit/s increments.

Network management interface

Type 10Base-T Ethernet or in-band ATM PVC

Protocol SNMPv1

Connector RJ-45

Craft Terminal local management interface

Type 10Base-T

Connector RJ-45

Speed 10 Mbit/s

CLI serial interface

Type RS-232

Connector RJ-45

Speed 9,600 bps

6.5 Craft Terminal � system requirements

Table 14. Craft Terminal � minimum system requirements

Requirement Decription

Operating System Any operating system capable of running the required version ofWeb browser (Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000 are tested andsupported)



Product Description

Table 14. Craft Terminal � minimum system requirements (cont.)

Requirement Decription

Computer Workstation capable of running the required versions of Webbrowser (for Windows, Pentium III® recommended, speed above733 MHz)

RAM 128 MB recommended

Hard disk space 6 MB for the Java plug-in and temporary files

CD-ROM drive Standard

Web browser Any browser capable of supporting the Java plug-in 1.3, such asNetscape 4.75 or later (with Java plugin installed) Microsoft InternetExplorer 5.50 or later (with Java plugin installed).

Note

Versions 3 (or older) of Netscape and Microsoft InternetExplorer are totally incompatible

Java Plug-in The required Java plug-in version 1.3 can be downloaded fromhttp://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/

Display 1024x768 resolution, 256 colours

Pointing device Compatible mouse or pointing device

Printer (optional) Microsoft Windows compatible printer

Interface ports Network interface for TCP/IP connection to the node

6.6 Command line interface (CLI) � systemrequirements

. A computer with TCP/IP stack and a telnet client (any Windows, Unix orLinux work station conforms to this requirement), or

. AVT100-compatible serial terminal, configure RS-232 interface to 9600bps, 8 bits, no parity.



113 (118)

Specifications

6.7 BB-PSA technical specifications

Table 15. BB-PSA technical specifications


Main circuit

Nominal input voltage -48/-60 VDC

Input voltage range -40.5...-60 VDC

Operating temperature range -40...+55 °C (-40...+131 °F)

Maximum current to be fed from battery inputs to unitpower supplies

90 A max

Maximum current to be fed from single output 40 A max (hydro-magnetic circuit breaker, tripdelay > 4 ms)

Input protection Serial separation diodes at both central batteryinputs Overvoltage protection by 100 V/20 J VDRs

Power loss < 10 W + 0.85 x Iload

DC/DC converter (VAP5)

Input voltage range 39.0...75.0 V

Turn-on voltage 29.5...32.5 V

Turn-off voltage 26.5...29.5 V

Nominal output voltage +5.0 VDC

Output voltage range +4.75...+5.25 VDC

Output current 0...1.0 A, available for node internal alarming use

Voltage isolation, input - output 500 VDC

Alarm interface

Alarm configuration GND-referenced, +Batt-referenced, or closed loop

Expected voltage level with reference to GND at alarminputs

no alarm

alarm

2.8...7.0 V

0.0...1.5 V



Product Description

Table 15. BB-PSA technical specifications (cont.)


Input impedance 4 700 ohm (pull-up resistors to +5 V)

Maximum alarm relay output ratings:

UDC

IDC (resistive load)

IDC (inductive load)

48 V...60 V

0.6 A...0.4 A

0.4 A...0.3 A

Resistance (DC) with:

closed relay contacts (max.)

open relay contacts (min.)

0.5 ohm

1 M ohm

Energy storage

Capacitance > 10 mF

Holdup capacity at maximum load (3600 W) drawn fromthe central battery

Uout drops from 54 V to 40.5 V> 5 ms

Uout drops from 67.5 V to 40.5 V > 10 ms

Interface connector type

Battery input terminal Phoenix HDFKV50, 50 mm2

Power output connector Power-sub D, 3W3 polarized, 3-pin, Fem-Male-Fem

Alarm input connector RJ-45 x 4

Alarm output connectors (visual & audible) Phoenix Mini-Combicon, 6-pin, Male, 1.5 mm2

6.8 BB-PSA standards

In addition to the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and safety standardsgiven at the beginning of chapter, BB-PSA conforms to the following standards:

. ETS 300 132-2, Power Supply Interface at the Input toTelecommunications Equip-ment Operated by Direct Current (DC)



115 (118)

Specifications

6.9 BB-PSA mechanical dimensions

Table 16. BB-PSA mechanical dimensions

Mechanical dimensions

Height 106 mm/4.24 in. (115 mm/4.6 in.with cabling)

Width 483 mm/19 in. (with mounting brackets)

Depth

Total depth

240 mm (behind the additional 19" or ETSI brackets)

280 mm/11.2 in.

Weight 9 kg/19 lb.

6.10 PSP technical specifications

The Power Switch Panel (PSP) has the following technical specifications:

Table 17. PSP technical specifications

Technical specifications

Nominal input voltage -48/-60 V

Input voltage range -40.5...-60 V

Current fed through a single switch 16/20 A (intended)

Switch type 1-pole, 0-1,

63 A (absolute max.)

EN 6094, class AC 22

Max. no of D500 subracks served 3

No. of battery voltage connections 12 pcs (4 per each D500 in duplicated, mission criticalapplications)

Input connections 16 mm2 (switches, batt.-)

10 mm2 (terminals, batt.+)

Output connections Tail cables 2*10 mm2 with keyed 3W3 connectors,precut for each subrack position



Product Description

6.11 PSP standards

The Power Switch Panel (PSP) conforms to the electromagnetic compatibility(EMC) and safety standards given at the beginning of the chapter.

6.12 PSP mechanical dimensions

Table 18. PSP mechanical dimensions

Mechanical dimensions

Height 125 mm/4.92 in.

Width 430 mm/16.93 in.

483 mm/19.02 in. or 535 mm/21.06 in. (with mounting brackets, depending how thebrackets are installed)

Depth

Total depth

160 mm/6.3 in. (behind the brackets)

200 mm/7.87 in.

Weight 8 kg/17.64 lb.

6.13 Fan tray specifications

In addition to the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and safety standardsgiven at the beginning of chapter, the fan tray conforms to the followingstandards:

. ETS 300 132-2

. ANSI T1.315

Table 19. Fan tray specifications


Nominal input voltage 48/60 V



117 (118)

Specifications

Table 19. Fan tray specifications (cont.)


Input voltage range -40.5...-75 V

Output voltage (for fans) 17...20...22 V depending on ambienttemperature

Number of fans 6 (17-slot subrack)

8 (21-slot subrack)

Power consumption 30/40 W

Alarms Opto-coupler alarms

Operating temperature range -40...+65°C (-40...+149°F)

Interface connector type Metric Connector 2 mm

5 x 2F Angle Power



Product Description

Product Description - Elecdan · Product Description dn03490453 Issue 7 en ... 1.7.4 NetAct for...

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