ProDDAGE

Programme for the

Development and

Demonstration of

Applications for Galileo

and EGNOS

Proddage Generic Material

Types of Navigation

• Celestial– The use of the stars, sun and time

to calculate positions

• Radio Navigation– Land based e.g. Loran C– Satellite Based e.g. GPS

History of Satellite Navigation

• TRANSIT / TSIKADA

• DNSS– Timation– System 621B

• NAVSTAR GPS

• GLONASS

GPS

• Multiple series of satellites provide the current constellation

• Newer satellites have better clocks and are able to continue operating automatically without contact from the ground stations

• Continual replenishment of the satellites is ongoing

GPS Current Status

• Full constellation in operation

• Continuing replenishment of old satellites– Some satellites

have lasted well outside of their design life

GLONASS

• Russian global satellite navigation system

• Very similar to GPS concept

• Full Constellation expected in 2007

GLONASS Current Status

• GLONASS programme to continue

• Replenishment of satellites is underway

• Future of the system is assured for military and civilian purposes

GPS / GLONASS

GPS GLONASS

Nominal No. of Satellites 24 24

Operational Satellites (end of 2000)

9 28

Orbital Planes 3 (seperated by 120o)

6 (separated by 60o)

Satellites per orbital plane 8 (equally spaced) 4 (unequally spaced)

Orbital Radius 25510 km 26560km

Inclination of orbital planes 64.8o 55o

Revolution Period ~11h16 ~11h 58 min

Nominal Eccentricity 0 0

Signal Separation Technique FDMA CDMA

Reference System PZ-90 WGS-84

Time Reference UTC (SU) UTC (USNO)

Initial Design Differences

Current Use of Satellite Navigation

• Markets – Aviation– Maritime– Road– Rail– LBS– Professional

ProDDAGE

Programme for the

Development and

Demonstration of

Applications for Galileo

and EGNOS

Space Based Augmentation Systems

Space Based Augmentation Systems

WAAS EGNOS MSAS

Europe - EGNOS

US - WAAS

• Designed for Aviation Industry

• Enhanced Accuracy, Integrity and Continuity

• Initial Operating Capability (IOC) July 2003

Japanese MSAS

India - GAGAN

• GPS and GEO Augmented Navigation

• 1 Geostationary Satellite

• India based GroundReference Stations

• Interoperability with EGNOS, MSAS & WAAS

ProDDAGE

Programme for the

Development and

Demonstration of

Applications for Galileo

and EGNOS

EGNOS

EGNOS

• ESA– System Design– Development– Qualification & Technical Validation

• European Commission– Land User Requirements– Satellite Communications– User Equipment

• EUROCONTROL– Civil Aviation Requirements– Operational Testing and Validation

EGNOS Programme & Schedule

EGNOS System Architecture

Satellites: Geostationary, GPS & GLONASS

Users34 RIMS4 MCC

7 NLES

EGNOS Ground Segment

MCC

RIMS

NLES

EGNOS Measured Accuracies (Sept 5 2004)

• Recorded over a 24h period• Less than 1m horizontal accuracies recorded • Vertical accuracies of 1-2m (well below the 7.6m specification

Lisbon Toulouse Rome Brussels Paris

HNSE

95%1.2m 0.9m 1.1m 0.8m 1.0

VNSE

95%1.7m 1.4m 1.2m 1.7m 1.3

EGNOS Projects

EGNOS SISNeT

EGNOS Message Server

• 24h/24h Archive of EGNOS Messages

• Broadcast messages are stored in hourly text files

• New Possibilities– Evaluation of EGNOS

performance– Assessment of EGNOS at IGS

Sites– Able to post process data with

conventional GPS receivers– Test EGNOS enabled receivers

EGNOS Data Access Service

EGNOS - Extensions

• Initial MRD developed in 1998• New Developments in the GNSS Industry

– Galileo– GPS Modernisation– New Signals– Launch of WAAS

• EGNOS V2 Concept Developed

EGNOS Evolution Plans

• Three EGNOS Versions conceived in 2005-2008

EGNOS v2.1End 2006

EGNOS products over non-GEO data links

(INSPIRE)

Extension to MEDA and East of Europe

Message Type 02 Extension

EGNOS v2.2End 2007

EGNOS MT 28

Extension in Africa

Modernised RIMS receivers

SAR return link

EGNOS v2.3End 2008

L5 standards and L5 GEO broadcast

L1/L5/Galileo enhanced RIMS receivers

Step 1 Step 2

EGNOS & Galileo

• First steps for Europe in the field of satellite navigation

• Precursor to Galileo

• Allows early application development

• Testing of prototype business models and concepts

ProDDAGE

Programme for the

Development and

Demonstration of

Applications for Galileo

and EGNOS

Local Elements

Differential GNSS

GNSS Constellation

Reception of GNSS

Signals at a known point

Calculation of Individual

Range Corrections

Transmission of Range Corrections

to Users

Range Corrections are applied to the ranges received from the satellites to

compute absolute position

Enhanced Positional Accuracy

Baseline up to 1000km

IALA DGNSS Performance

RTK GNSS

GNSS Constellation

Mobile User

Signals Received by Mobile Reference

StationCarrier Phase Observations and Reference Station Position Sent

to Mobile User

Enhanced Positional Accuracy

≈ 1cm

Baseline less than 10km

User computes baseline by resolving differenced

carrier phase ‘ambiguities’

Assisted GNSS

GNSS Constellation

Reception of GNSS Signals

at a Fixed Station

Satellite Ephemeris Data and Satellite

Doppler Measurements

Broadcast of Assistance

Data by Mobile Operator

Use of Assistance Data to Aid Positioning

ProDDAGE

Programme for the

Development and

Demonstration of

Applications for Galileo

and EGNOS

Limitations and Issues with GNSS

Shortfalls & Limitations

• Interference• Jamming• Accuracy• Integrity• Availability• Multipath• Power

Technical Issues

• Geometry– Current Systems– Galileo

Good Geometry Bad Geometry

Operational Issues

• Availability– Blocked Signals

• Urban Areas• Trees• Underground

• Continuity

Safety Issues

• Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)

• Ground Integrity Channel (GIC)• Backup Systems• Common Mode

Regulatory Issues

• Applied for GNSS use in safety applications

• MUSSST Study– Methods to authorise for

operational use– Specification of validation

procedures– Safety case approach

Legal Issues

• Privacy Concerns

• Data Protection

• Evidence

• Time Stamping

ProDDAGE

Programme for the

Development and

Demonstration of

Applications for Galileo

and EGNOS

Other Positioning Methods

Other Positioning Methods & Enhancements

• Other methods of positioning that can be combined with GNSS are as follows:– Pseudolites– Terrestrial Radio Navigation– Mobile Telecommunication Positioning– Other Sensors

Pseudolites

• Ground Based “Satellites”

• GPS-like signals

• Provide additional ranges to enhance positioning in difficult operating environments

eLoran (Terrestrial System)

• Alternative Positioning method to GPS

• eLoran incorporates the latest:– Receiver– Antenna– Transmission Technology

• Enhanced systems can now provide accuracies of 8-20m

Mobile Phone Positioning

• For use in the provision of Location Based Services

• Network Based Solutions– PDE– Angle of Arrival– Time of Arrival

• Handset Based Techniques– SIM– E-OTD

Other Systems

• Gyrocompass• Inertial Measurement Units• Magnetometers• Digital Map• Digital Elevation Model• Radar etc.

ProDDAGE

Programme for the

Development and

Demonstration of

Applications for Galileo

and EGNOS

Future Systems

GPS III

• Enhance the overall GPS system

• Continuing development in response to military and civilian needs

• Enhanced Anti-Jam Capabilities

• Improved security, accuracy and reliability

Future GLONASS

• GLONASS K– Integrity– Search and Rescue

• Modernisation of Russian Geodetic Network

• India may become a partner in the future of the GLONASS programme

QZSS

• QZSS will bring

“Value added services for mobile users by combining communications, broadcasting, and positioning.

Nationwide coverage is available since the QZSS is directly overhead.“

Future WAAS

• Next phase planned for 2008

• Increase coverage, continuity and availability

• Additional geostationary satellites to be secured to ensure availability