ResultsTable 1: Rotational Speed and Flow rate for P1Speed (RPM)Flow rate (%)

280071.5

260066.0

240060.7

220054.9

200048.7

180042.9

160036.4

140031.1

120026.3

100020.9

80016.4

60011.2

Table 2: Flow rate, speed, Differential Pressure and Power for P1Flow rate%SpeedRPMDiff.Pressure %Power kW

70280028.10.62

60280838.80.61

50281647.60.62

40283054.30.56

30284759.10.53

20286662.70.50

10288165.10.47

Table 3: Rotational Speed and Differential Pressure for P2SpeedRPMFlow rate%

95018.0

90017.1

85016.1

80015.1

75014.1

70013.2

65012.1

60011.2

55010.2

Table 4:Pressure, Flow rate, Speed and Power for P2Pressure%Flow rate%SpeedRPMPowerkW

9017.59.420.63

8017.59.440.63

7017.69.450.61

6017.69.460.61

5017.69.470.59

4017.79.490.57

3017.99.550.56

2017.99.570.56

1017.99.580.55

DiscussionThe objectives of the experiment was to determine the operating characteristic of different pumps in a contained unit and to understand the types of pumps in principle and design,and the selection of the appropriate pump for a particular application for optimal operation.Under this experiment,there another 4experiment have to running,There were 2 types of pump.First pump was horizontal single stage pump and the second one was plunger pump.For first pump,the pump selection switch was P1,the process selection switch was water,hand valve open were HV2,HV3 and HV4 and the hand valve close was HV1,HV5,HV6,HV7 and HV8.For the plunger pump,the pump selection switch was P2,the process selection switch was water,the hand valve open was HV2,HV5 and HV6 and the hand valve close was HV1,HV3,HV4,HV7 and HV8.Firstly running for the first and follow by second 1.For experiment 1 and 2 used the first pump and for experiment 2 and 3 used the second pump. Through obtaining the results needed, the other parameters (Motor Input Power [PMi], Pump Total Head [H], Volumetric Flow Rate [Q], Pump Power Input [Pi], Pump Power Output [Po], Pump Efficiency [%], Overall Efficiency [%], and Volumetric Efficiency [%]) were able to be acquired through calculations using the stated formulae (Refer to Appendix). Trend graphs of each parameter were plotted to specify each individual relationship.Theoretically, in the case of the Horizontal Single Stage Centrifugal Pump, this pump has a higher Flow Rate and Speed if compared to the Positive Displacement Pump, but has a lower Pressure and Power if compared to the Positive Displacement Pump. Whereas for the Positive Displacement Plunger Pump, it has a lower Flow Rate and Speed if compared to the Centrifugal Pump, but has a higher Pressure and Power when compared to that of the Centrifugal Pump. Through plotting the trend graphs, the operating characteristics were able to be determined. The trend graphs of the results obtained supported and agreed with the theory stated. Therefore, it can be deduced that the objectives of this experiment were achieved.

EXPERIMENT 1

Rotational speed, N( RPM )Flow rate ( % )Volume Flow rate Q (m3/hr)

280071.54.87

260066.04.50

240060.74.14

220054.93.74

200048.73.32

180042.92.90

160036.42.48

140031.12.12

120026.31.79

100020.91.42

80016.41.11

60011.20.76

In experiment 1,Rotational Speed Vs Volumetric Flow rate.Performance Curve for a centrifugal Pump the procedures was,refer to the general start.The button started was pressed and set the speed about 2800 rpm and HV2 was fully opened.The flowrate were recorded and repeat the steps with 2600, 2400, 2200, 2000, 1800, 1600, 1400, 1200, 1000, 800 and 600. The result for table 1,when the speed was 2800 RPM the flow rate was 71.5% and when the speed was 600 RPM the flow rate was 11.2%.This show that the speed effect percent of flow rate.The higher the speed,the higher the percent of flow rate.

EXPERIMENT 2

Table 2: Flow rate, speed, differential pressure and power for P1.

Flow rate(%)Speed(RPM)Diff.Pressure(%)Power(kW)VolumeFlowrate(Q), (m3/hr)Motor Input Power(PMI), (W)Pump Total Head (H), (m)

Pump Power Output (Po), (W)Pump Power Input(Pi), (W)Pump Efficiency (ETA), (%)Volumeetric Efficiency,ETAV (%)Overall Efficiency (ETAgr), (%)

70280028.10.624.7862029.97389.6055070.84136.1462.84

60280838.80.614.0961033.31371.2554068.75116.1560.86

50281647.60.623.4162036.06335.0855060.9296.8454.05

40283054.30.562.7356038.15283.8149057.9276.9350.68

30284759.10.532.0453039.65220.4146047.9157.1441.59

20286662.70.501.3650040.77151.0943035.1437.8430.22

10288165.10.470.6847041.5276.9440019.2418.8216.37

By done the experiment 2,the procedure was,the start button was pushed and the motor speed was set to 2800rpm.HV2 was fully opened and the reading of the flow rate, the differential pressure,the power and speed was recorded.the step was repeated with floe rate 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% and 10% .The result for table 2, when the flow rate was 70%,the speed was 2800rpm,the differential pressure was 28.1% and the power was 0.62 Kw.When the flow rate of 10%, the speed was 2881 rpm,the differential pressure was 65.1 % and the power was o.47 Kw.This showed that when the pressure increase,the speed will decrease,the differential pressure also decrease.

EXPERIMENT 3

Table 3: Rotational speed and differential pressure for P2

Speed (RPM)Flow rate (%)Volume Flow rate (Q), (m3/hr)

95018.01.23

90017.11.17

85016.11.09

80015.11.03

75014.10.96

70013.20.89

65012.10.82

60011.20.76

55010.20.69

For experiment 3, Rotational Speed Vs Output Pressure the procedure was when the start button was pushed the potentiometer was adjusted and the motor speed was set about 950 rpm.HV2 was adjusted at 90%.After that,the step was repeat with 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% and 10%.The result for experiment 3 was when the speed was 950 rpm the flow rate was 18.0% and when the speed was 550 rpm the flow rate was 10.2%.This show that when the speed increase the flow rate also increase.

EXPERIMENT 4

Table 4: Pressure, Flow rate, Speed, and Power for P2.

Pressure (%),Flow rate (%)Speed(RPM)Power (kW)Motor input power (PMi), (W)Volume Flow (Q), (m3/hr)Pump Power Output (Po), (W)Pump Power Input (Pi), (W)Pump Efficiency (ETA), (%)Overall Efficiency (ETAgr), (%)Volumetric Efficiency (ETAV), (%)Pump Total Head (H), (m)

9017.59420.636301.19159.8257028.0425.37100.7449.28

8017.59440.636301.19149.7057026.2623.76100.5346.17

7017.69450.616101.20140.7655025.5923.08 101.2643.05

6017.6946 0.616101.20130.5655023.7421.40101.1639.93

5017.69470.595901.20120.3653022.7120.40101.0536.81

4017.79490.575701.21110.0851021.5819.31101.6733.69

3017.99550.565601.22101.6350020.3318.15101.8730.57

2017.99570.565601.2291.2650018.2516.30101.6627.45

1017.99580.555501.2280.8949016.5114.71101.5524.33

For experiment 4,Other Performance Curve for a Positive Displacement Pump the procedure was the motor speed was adjusted about 950 rpm after the pump was started.HV2 or HV1 was slowly adjusted until the pressure at 90% and the flow rate, differential pressure, power and speed was recorded.The steps was repeated with readings of P2 was 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% and 10%.The result for table 4 was when the pressure was 90%, the flow rate was 17.55,the speed was 942 rpm and the power was 0.63.When the pressure was 10%,the flow rate was17.9%,the speed was 958 and the power was 0.55 Kw.Thats mean when the pressure decrease the flow rate also increase,the speed also the same but the power will decrease.

There are several possibilities that might have contributed to the errors that occurred during the experiment. Among those errors is physical errors (caused by experimenters). The experimenters might not have waited for the readings to stabilize first and have recorded down the wrong readings, which could lead to an abnormal trend of results. Next, the experimenters may not have followed the correct combination of the flow (The valve needed to be opened could have been closed) which could lead to abnormal results, not to mention the danger it could cause. Not just that, the experimenter may not have focused well during the experiment and may have recorded down the readings of the parameter in the field of another parameter. By doing so, it will disrupt the results, and the trend graphs will not result as expected.