Process Description Powerpoint

8/10/2019 Process Description Powerpoint

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SPECIAL EXPOSITORY

TECHNIQUES OF

TECHNICAL WRITING



Distinction between Literary Writing and

Technical Writing

Literary Writing Aspects Technical Writing

1. To Entertain, Amusethe Readers

Purpose 1. Provides usefulinformation.

2. Man experiences and

life .

Subject Matter 2. Related to Discipline

(business, industry etc.3. Figurative andImaginary Vocabulary.

Language 3. Formal and serioustechnical or scientificterminologies suited forits purpose and style.

4. First or third personor third personomniscient.

Point of View 4. Third person.

5. Personal, subjective,and definitelyemotional.

Tone 5. Predominantlyobjective, impersonaland unbiased.



Formal Definition and Informal

Definition



3 Principle Parts of Formal

Definition

⦿ Specie – subject of the definition.

⦿ Genus – the family or class to which the

specie belongs.

⦿ Differentia – the part of the statement in

which the particular specie’s

distinguishing traits, qualities are pointed

out, so it set apart from the other speciewhich comprise the genus.



Techniques in Defining

⦿ Further Definition

⦿ Concrete examples and Instances

⦿ Comparison and Contrast

⦿

Word Deviation⦿ Negative Statements

⦿ Physical Description

⦿ Analysis

⦿ Basic Principle⦿ Cause and Effect

⦿ Location



Description



Description of Mechanism

⦿Mechanism – any system of parts that

operates and function properly.

⦿ To describe a mechanism, organism,

system or site, make sure that you areclear about your viewpoint on the

subject and make the viewpoint clear to

the readers, its function, its physicalcharacteristics and parts.



Introduction, Part by Part Definition and

Conclusion

⦿ Introduction: This is what your introduction must be:○ What is it?○ What its purpose is?○ What it looks like?

⦿ Part by Part Definition: Describe the part of themechanism:

○ Shape○ Size

○ Relationship to other parts○ Methods of attachment

○ Materials○ Finish

⦿ Conclusion



Introduction

⦿What is the process?

⦿Who performs this process?

⦿

Why is this process performed?⦿What are the chief steps in the process?

⦿ From what point of view is this process

going to be considered in thisdiscussion?

⦿Why is this process being described?



Organization

⦿ The introduction to a description of a process is followeddirectly by the description of the chief steps in the process.

⦿ The organization of the steps is chronological.⦿ For both the content and the organization of the description of

each individual step, there is one idea that is so useful that it

cannot easily overemphasized.⦿ The idea is that each individual step constitutes a process

itself.⦿ The individual step should, therefore, be properly introduced

and if necessary, divided into substeps.⦿ The description is essentially a miniature of the description of

the process as a whole.⦿ Furthermore, if a given individual step can be broken down

into substeps, each substep is treated according to the samegeneral principles as the whole process.



Conclusion

⦿ Fixing the chief steps in mind. Listing them again mighthelp.

⦿ Recalling special points about equipment or materials.

⦿ Analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of theprocess.⦿ Noting how this process is related to other processes or

other work that is done, or reported on.

The writer must analyze his own report and his intendedreader to decide whether a conclusion is necessary.



Classification

⦿ It is a useful expository technique when you have anumber of like things to discuss among which there are

points of similarity and difference which is important for

the reader to understand.

⦿ It is the act of locating specimen of the different kindsof objects which possess a given characteristic or

characteristics. It permits a clear, systematic

presentation.

⦿ To classify any group formally and completely involvesconsidering every representative of the group and

breaking down classes into sub classes and so on until

the ultimate discussion is done.



Some Points to Consider in

Classifying⦿ Make clear what is being classified. Making clear of

what is being classified requires a definition of a subjector if there is a question for the reader to be familiar withit.

⦿ Choose and use a simple principle of classification.

Your principle will determine the classes to bediscussed.

⦿ Limit yourself to one basis at a time in listing membersof a class. Name all species to a given basis but onlyone at a time.

⦿ Make sure that each specie is separated and distinct sothat there is no overlapping.

⦿ Make your classification reasonably complete.⦿ Introduce subclasses as needed.⦿ Make sure that in a subclassification you discuss

characteristics peculiar to that one subclassificationonl .



Cause and Effect

A technical report organized according to the cause and effect

relationships discusses the reasons why something is true or the

result of some peculiar event or state of mind.

The technical report writer must consider the following problems thathe encounter in writing the report:

⦿ He may not clearly distinguish the immediate and remote causes.

⦿ The causes may be inadequate for the effects.

⦿ He may predict contradictory effects.⦿ Considering for a cause something may be actually unrelated.



Comparison and Contrast

⦿ This involves a discussion of the subject in

relation to some other subjects, showing

both similarities and differences as the

article goes along. It may conclude with avalue of judgement based on the

comparson.

⦿ In this system of comparison there are twopossible patterns for organization: the

opposing and the alternating pattern.



Analogy

⦿ A particular kind of comparison by which

one subject is discussed according to

terms which apply to the other.

⦿ An analogy is seen to be essentially andexpression of relationship between two

different things which have more than

one likeness.



Employing Persuasion and

Giving Instructions



Interpretation

⦿ It is a art of establishing meaningful patternof relationship among a group of facts.

⦿ 5 Elements that may enter in to the

statement of the problem:○ Presenting the basic problem in concise form.

○ Defining unfamiliar terms.

○ Distinguishing between the primary problem andthe subordinate problem.

○ Distinguishing what is known and what remain tobe found out.

○ Providing background information.



Questions that arise in the

Interpretation

⦿What is to be found out?

⦿ How was the evidence obtained?

⦿ How will the interpretation be

organized?



Major elements in a clear statement or in

an explanation to the reader of what is to

be found?

⦿ Acquiring a thorough grasp of all

information.

⦿ Stating the problem in a concise form.

⦿ Defining unfamiliar or ambiguous terms.

⦿ Distinguishing between the primary

problem and the subordinate problem.

⦿ Distinguishing what is known and whatremain to be found out.

⦿ Providing background information.



How was the evidence

obtained?



Organization of the Main Part

of the Interpretation

⦿ The Problem in Concise Form.

⦿ The Subordinate or Standard of Judgment.

⦿ Possible Explanations or Possible Choices.

Process Description Powerpoint

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