Procesos educativos en contextos interculturales

19
;&RQJUHVR$UJHQWLQRGH$QWURSRORJtD6RFLDO–)DFXOWDGGH)LORVRItD\/HWUDV–8%$–%XHQRV$LUHV$UJHQWLQD ;&RQJUHVR$UJHQWLQRGH $QWURSRORJtD6RFLDO %XHQRV$LUHVGH1RYLHPEUHDOGH’LFLHPEUHGHO *UXSRGH7UDEDMR*7 3URFHVRVHGXFDWLYRVHQFRQWH[WRVLQWHUFXOWXUDOHV 3OXULOLQJLVPR\HGXFDFLyQLQWHUFXOWXUDOELOLQJHPLUDGDVHQFUXFH 9LUJLQLD8QDPXQR&21,&(78QLYHUVLGDGGH%XHQRV$LUHV

description

Virginia Unamuno, X Congreso Argentino de Antropología Social.

Transcript of Procesos educativos en contextos interculturales

Page 1: Procesos educativos en contextos interculturales

;�&RQJUHVR�$UJHQWLQR�GH�$QWURSRORJtD�6RFLDO�±�)DFXOWDG�GH�)LORVRItD�\�/HWUDV�±�8%$�±�%XHQRV�$LUHV��$UJHQWLQD���������������

�;�&RQJUHVR�$UJHQWLQR�GH�

$QWURSRORJtD�6RFLDO��

%XHQRV�$LUHV�����GH�1RYLHPEUH�DO����GH�'LFLHPEUH�GHO��������

*UXSR�GH�7UDEDMR��*7����

3URFHVRV�HGXFDWLYRV�HQ�FRQWH[WRV�LQWHUFXOWXUDOHV���

3OXULOLQJ�LVPR�\�HGXFDFLyQ�LQWHUFXOWXUDO�ELOLQJ�H��PLUDGDV�HQ�FUXFH����9LUJLQLD�8QDPXQR��&21,&(7�8QLYHUVLGDG�GH�%XHQRV�$LUHV��

���������

Page 2: Procesos educativos en contextos interculturales

;�&RQJUHVR�$UJHQWLQR�GH�$QWURSRORJtD�6RFLDO�±�)DFXOWDG�GH�)LORVRItD�\�/HWUDV�±�8%$�±�%XHQRV�$LUHV��$UJHQWLQD���������������

�3OXULOLQJ�LVPR�\�(GXFDFLyQ�,QWHUFXOWXUDO�%LOLQJ�H��PLUDGDV�HQ�FUXFH��

9LUJLQLD�8QDPXQR�&21,&(7�8%$�

���,QWURGXFFLyQ��/DV�PLUDGDV� VREUH� HO� ELOLQJ�LVPR� KDQ� VLGR� GLYHUVDV� D� OR� ODUJR� GH� OD� KLVWRULD��

'HVGH� ORV� HVWXGLRV� SLRQHURV� GH� ODV� OHQJXDV� HQ� FRQWDFWR� �SRU� HMHPSOR��:HLQUHLFK��������� ORV�HVWXGLRV�VREUH�GLVWULEXFLyQ�IXQFLRQDO�GH�YDULHGDGHV��OODPDGD�GLJORVLD�SRU�)HUJXVRQ��������R�ORV�HVWXGLRV�VREUH�WLSRV�GH�ELOLQJ�LVPR��)LVKPDQ���������������HO�XVR� GH�PiV� GH� XQD� OHQJXD� HQ� XQD�PLVPD� FRPXQLGDG� GH� KDEOD� KD� VLGR� FHQWUR� GH�DWHQFLyQ�GH�OD�VRFLROLQJ�tVWLFD�HQ�VXV�P~OWLSOHV�SHUVSHFWLYDV��5RPDLQH����������

6LQ�HPEDUJR��FUHR�TXH�HQ�HO�FDVR�GHO�ELOLQJ�LVPR�TXH�PH�SUHRFXSD��UHODWLYR�D�VLWXDFLRQHV� HGXFDWLYDV� HQ� ORV� FXDOHV� ORV� KDEODQWHV� HPSOHDQ� OHQJXDV� DERUtJHQHV� \�FDVWHOODQR��� ODV�RSFLRQHV�PHWRGROyJLFDV� WLHQHQ�XQ�FRUUHODWR� IXHUWH�FRQ� ODV�RSFLRQHV�WHyULFDV��HVSHFLDOPHQWH�ODV�UHODWLYDV�D�OD�GHILQLFLyQ�GH�OHQJXD���

'HVGH�FLHUWD�VRFLROLQJ�tVWLFD�TXH�VH�LQWHUURJD�SRU�ODV�UHODFLRQHV�HQWUH�OD�OHQJXD�\� ODV� RUJDQL]DFLRQHV� VRFLDOHV� D� WUDYpV� GHO� HVWXGLR� GHWDOODGR� GHO� XVR� FROHFWLYR� GHO�OHQJXDMH��HO�ELOLQJ�LVPR�VH�FRPSUHQGH�HQ�WDQWR�TXH�H[SORWDFLyQ�GH�UHFXUVRV�YHUEDOHV�GHILQLGRV�HQ�HO�FRQWUDVWH�HQWUH�IRUPDV�TXH�VRQ�FDWHJRUL]DGDV�SRU�ORV�KDEODQWHV�FRPR�SHUWHQHFLHQWHV�D�VLVWHPDV�GLIHUHQWHV��0RQGDGD��������8QDPXQR���������$�GLIHUHQFLD�GH�RWUDV�PLUDGDV�VREUH�ORV�IHQyPHQRV�GH�FRQWDFWR�HQWUH�OHQJXDV��VH�VXSRQH�TXH�VRQ�ORV�KDEODQWHV�TXLHQHV�FDWHJRUL]DQ�ODV�IRUPDV�FRPR�SURSLDV�R�DMHQDV�D�XQ�UHSHUWRULR�R� VLVWHPD� OLQJ�tVWLFR�SDUWLFXODU�� GHMDQGR�SLVWDV�HQ� OD� LQWHUDFFLyQ� �PXFKDV�YHFHV�QR�YHUEDOHV��VREUH�OD�DVLJQDFLyQ�TXH�KDFHQ�GH�ODV�IRUPDV�D�ORV�UHSHUWRULRV��SLVWDV�TXH�HO�LQYHVWLJDGRU�SXHGH�UHFXSHUDU�HQ�HO�DQiOLVLV���

1R�VH�WUDWDUtD��SXHV��GH�REVHUYDU�ORV�SURGXFWRV�OLQJ�tVWLFRV�GH�ORV�KDEODQWHV�HQ�WDQWR�TXH�FRPSRVLFLRQHV�GH�PDUFDV�R�GH� IRUPDV�KHWHURJpQHDV�GHVGH�HO� SXQWR�GH�YLVWD�GHO�LQYHVWLJDGRU��VLQR��FRQWUDULDPHQWH��GH�GHVHQWUDxDU�ORV�SURFHVRV�D�WUDYpV�GH�ORV�FXDOHV�ORV�KDEODQWHV�FRQVWUX\HQ�HVWD�KHWHURJHQHLGDG�SDUD�VLJQLILFDU�VRFLDOPHQWH�

Page 3: Procesos educativos en contextos interculturales

;�&RQJUHVR�$UJHQWLQR�GH�$QWURSRORJtD�6RFLDO�±�)DFXOWDG�GH�)LORVRItD�\�/HWUDV�±�8%$�±�%XHQRV�$LUHV��$UJHQWLQD���������������

\�SDUD�RULHQWDU�D�ORV�RWURV�KDEODQWHV�HQ�HO�VHQWLGR�GH�OD�DFWLYLGDG�SUiFWLFD�\�VLPEyOLFD�HQ�TXH�SDUWLFLSDQ�FROHFWLYDPHQWH��*XPSHU]��������$XHU����������

&DGD� XQD� GH� HVWDV� PLUDGDV� VREUH� HO� ELOLQJ�LVPR� HV� FRQVHFXHQFLD� GH�SHUVSHFWLYDV� WHyULFDV� \� PHWRGROyJLFDV� GLIHUHQWHV�� /D� SULPHUD� SDUWH� GH� XQD�FRQFHSFLyQ� VLWXDGD� GH� OD� QRFLyQ� GH� OHQJXD�� HPHUJHQWH� HQ� OD� PDQHUD� HQ� TXH� ORV�KDEODQWHV� FDWHJRUL]DQ� ODV� IRUPDV� YHUEDOHV�� &RPR� WDO�� H[LJH� HO� HVWXGLR� GH� GLFKDV�IRUPDV�HQ�VXV�FRQWH[WRV�ORFDOHV�GH�LQWHUDFFLyQ�VRFLDO�\�HQ�XQ�PDUFR�HWQRJUiILFR�TXH�KDFH� SRVLEOH� VX� FRQILJXUDFLyQ�� DVLPLVPR�� LPSOLFD� XQ� WUDEDMR� FUtWLFR� UHVSHFWR� D� OD�PDQHUD�HQ�TXH�FRQVWUXLPRV�HO�WHUUHQR�GH�LQYHVWLJDFLyQ��VREUH�OD�SURGXFFLyQ�GH�GDWRV�\�VREUH�HO�URO�GHO�LQYHVWLJDGRU�HQ�WRGR�HO�SURFHVR��8QDPXQR���������

'H� OD� VHJXQGD�� VH� GHVSUHQGHUtD� PiV� ELHQ� XQD� QRFLyQ� GH� OHQJXD� OLJDGD� D�SURFHVRV� FRJQLWLYRV� LQGLYLGXDOHV�� GHVFULSWLEOH� HQ� WDQWR� TXH� VLVWHPD� TXH� SXHGH�GHVOLJDUVH� GH� ODV� SUiFWLFDV� VRFLDOHV� \� GH� OD� SURGXFFLyQ� FROHFWLYD� GH� VHQWLGR��$VLPLVPR��UHVWDUtD�DVRFLDGD�DO� WUDEDMR� WUDGLFLRQDO�GHO� OLQJ�LVWD�\�D�GHVFULSFLRQHV�GH�IRUPDV�YHUEDOHV�DMHQDV�D�ODV�LQWHUDFFLRQHV�HQ�GRQGH�VH�HPSOHDQ��/RV�HVWXGLRV�VREUH�HO� ELOLQJ�LVPR�� HQ� HVWH� FDVR�� VH� FRQFHQWUDUtDQ� HQ� OD� LGHQWLILFDFLyQ� GH� IHQyPHQRV�DQyPDORV�GHVGH�HO�SXQWR�GH�YLVWD�GHO�VLVWHPD�\�GHO� OLQJ�LVWD��PDUFDV�TXH�GHQRWDQ�³LQWHUIHUHQFLDV´�� ³VHPLOLQJ�LVPRV´�� \� SURFHVRV� GH� FDPELR� OLQJ�tVWLFR�� SHUR� WDPELpQ��PDUFDV�TXH�VH� FRQVWLWX\HQ�HQ� tQGLFHV�GH�SURFHVRV� VRFLDOHV�� FRPR�SRU�HMHPSOR��HO�GHVSOD]DPLHQWR�GH�XQD�OHQJXD�SRU�RWUD�HQ�ORV�XVRV�GH�XQD�FRPXQLGDG���

/D� WRPD�GH�SRVLFLyQ� WHyULFD�\�PHWRGROyJLFD� LPSOLFD��SXHV��FLHUWD�FRPSUHQVLyQ�GHO� REMHWR� GH� HVWXGLR�� HO� ELOLQJ�LVPR� HQ� WDQWR� TXH� UHFXUVR� GH� VLJQLILFDFLyQ� LPSOLFD�DGHQWUDUVH�HQ�IHQyPHQRV� LQFyPRGRV�SDUD�HO� OLQJ�tVWLFD�GHO�VLVWHPD�\� OD�HVWUXFWXUD��0H� UHILHUR� DO� KHFKR� GH� PLUDU� ORV� FRQWDFWRV� HQWUH� OHQJXDV� FRPR� SURFHVRV� FX\D�VLJQLILFDFLyQ� GHEH� VHU� GHVFULWD� HQ� ODV� SUiFWLFDV� VRFLDOHV� TXH� HVWXGLDPRV�� \� FRPR�WDOHV��KDQ�GH�VHU�HWQRJUiILFDPHQWH� UHOHYDGDV��SDUD�SRGHU�GLDORJDU�FRQ�HO�SXQWR�GH�YLVWD�GH�ORV�DFWRUHV�VREUH�GLFKRV�IHQyPHQRV���

(Q�HO�FDVR�GHO�SUHVHQWH�WUDEDMR��PH�JXVWDUi�PRVWUDU�GLIHUHQWHV�IRUPDV�SRVLEOHV�GH� DFHUFDUVH� DO� ELOLQJ�LVPR�� SDUWLHQGR� GHO� VXSXHVWR� TXH� D� WUDYpV� GHO� DQiOLVLV�GLVFXUVLYR�H� LQWHUDFFLRQDO�HV�SRVLEOH�UHFXSHUDU�HO�ELOLQJ�LVPR�TXH�HV�UHOHYDQWH�SDUD�OD�FRPSUHQVLyQ�GH�ORV�SURFHVRV�VRFLDOHV��+HOOHU���������GH�OD�(GXFDFLyQ�,QWHUFXOWXUDO�

Page 4: Procesos educativos en contextos interculturales

;�&RQJUHVR�$UJHQWLQR�GH�$QWURSRORJtD�6RFLDO�±�)DFXOWDG�GH�)LORVRItD�\�/HWUDV�±�8%$�±�%XHQRV�$LUHV��$UJHQWLQD���������������

%LOLQJ�H� �HQ�DGHODQWH��(,%�� HQ�HVWH� FDVR��(Q�SULPHU� OXJDU��PH�JXVWDUtD�REVHUYDU� \�GHVFULELU�HO�ELOLQJ�LVPR�TXH�VH�GHVSUHQGH�GH�DOJXQRV�GRFXPHQWRV�RILFLDOHV�UHODWLYRV�D� OD� PRGDOLGDG� GH� (,%�� GHVGH� XQ� DQiOLVLV� FUtWLFR� GHO� GLVFXUVR�� HQ� VHJXQGR� OXJDU��TXLVLHUD�GHWHQHUPH�HQ�HO�ELOLQJ�LVPR�TXH�VH�GHVFULEH�HQ�ODV�SUiFWLFDV�UHODWLYDV�D�OD�IRUPDFLyQ� GH� GRFHQWHV� SDUD� (,%�� HVSHFtILFDPHQWH�� GH� GRFHQWHV� LQGtJHQDV� HQ� HO�&KDFR��HQ�WHUFHU�OXJDU��PH�FHQWUDUp�HQ�HO�ELOLQJ�LVPR�TXH�GHVFULEHQ�ODV�LQWHUDFFLRQHV�HQ�DXODV�FRQ�GRFHQWHV�LQGtJHQDV���

(O�FRUSXV�FRQ�HO�TXH�WUDEDMR�KD�VLGR�UHFRJLGR�D�WUDYpV�GH�XQ�WUDEDMR�GH�FDPSR�VHFXHQFLDGR�UHDOL]DGR�HQWUH�ORV�DxRV������\������HQ�HO�&KDFR��3UHVLGHQFLD�5RTXH�6DHQ]�3HxD� \�(O� 6DX]DOLWR��� HQ� HO�PDUFR� GH� GLIHUHQWHV� SUR\HFWRV� GH� LQYHVWLJDFLyQ�VRFLROLQJ�tVWLFD� TXH� LQWHQWDQ� GDU� FXHQWD� GH� ORV� XVRV� OLQJ�tVWLFRV� HQ� OD� IRUPDFLyQ� \�SUiFWLFD�GRFHQWH�HQ�FRQWH[WRV�LQGtJHQDV�����

����'HO�ELOLQJ�LVPR�RILFLDO�D�ODV�SUiFWLFDV�ELOLQJ�HV���

'HVGH�KDFH�XQ�WLHPSR��OD�SRVLELOLGDG�GH��XQD�HGXFDFLyQ�LQWHUFXOWXUDO�ELOLQJ�H�HQ�FRQWH[WRV�LQGtJHQDV�WLHQH�XQ�UHVSDOGR�OHJDO��1RUPDOPHQWH�VH�PHQFLRQDQ�GRV�WH[WRV�GH�DOFDQFH�QDFLRQDO��OD�&RQVWLWXFLyQ�GH�������\�/H\�1DFLRQDO�GH�(GXFDFLyQ�GH��������

(Q�OD�SULPHUD��FRPR�VH�VDEH��VH�UHFRQRFH�HQWUH�ODV�DWULEXFLRQHV�GHO�&RQJUHVR��DUWtFXOR����� LQFLVR������ OD�SRWHVWDG�SDUD��HQWUH�RWUDV�FRVDV��JDUDQWL]DU�HO�GHUHFKR�D�XQD� HGXFDFLyQ� ELOLQJ�H� H� LQWHUFXOWXUDO�� MXQWR� FRQ� RWUDV� DFFLRQHV� UHODWLYDV� DO�UHFRQRFLPLHQWR� GH� OD� SRVHVLyQ� \� SURSLHGDG� FRPXQLWDULDV� GH� ODV� WLHUUDV� TXH�WUDGLFLRQDOPHQWH�RFXSDQ��(V�LQWHUHVDQWH��HQ�HVWH�VHQWLGR��TXH�OD�(,%�DSDUH]FD�OLJDGD�D�XQ�FRQIOLFWR�KLVWyULFR�\�SROtWLFR��HO�TXH�VH�KDFH�HYLGHQWH�HQ�OD�REVFXULGDG�VLQWiFWLFD�GH�³WUDGLFLRQDOPHQWH�RFXSDQ´��'H�DOJXQD�PDQHUD��DTXt�SXHGHQ�LQWHUSUHWDUVH�DOJXQRV�GH�ORV�OtPLWHV�\�SUREOHPDV�GH�OD�(,%�SDUD�VX�RSHUDWLYLGDG��WRPDQGR�HQ�FXHQWD�TXH�HQ�WDQWR�TXH�GHUHFKR�VH�GHVOLJD�GH�ORV�SURFHVRV�KLVWyULFRV�DQWHULRUHV�±TXH�HVWDUtDQ�HQ�

���������������������������������������������� 7UHV� SUR\HFWRV� FDEH� PHQFLRQDU� HQ� HVWH� FDVR�� (O� SULPHUR�� FRRUGLQDGR� SRU� /HRQRU� $FXxD�� WLHQH� HO� REMHWLYR� GH�UHDOL]DU�XQD�GLDJQRVLV� VRFLROLQJ�tVWLFD�VREUH� ODV�SUiFWLFDV�HVFRODUHV�\�VREUH� OD� IRUPDFLyQ� WHUFLDULD�HQ�HO�1($��(O�VHJXQGR��FX\R�REMHWLYR�HV�HO�HVWXGLR�GH�OD�JHVWLyQ�GH�ODV�OHQJXDV�HQ�ODV�DXODV�ELOLQJ�HV�HQ�HO�&KDFR��HVWi�ILQDQFLDGR�SRU�HO�&21,&(7��3,3������������������ 3OXULOLQJ�LVPR� \� HGXFDFLyQ� LQWHUFXOWXUDO� ELOLQJ�H��� (O� WHUFHUR�� FRRUGLQDGR� SRU� HO� &,)0$� \�ILQDQFLDGR� SRU� OD� 8QLYHUVLWDW� $XWzQRPD� GH� %DUFHORQD�� EXVFD� UHOHYDU� OD� VLWXDFLyQ� UHDO� GH� ORV� GRFHQWHV� LQGtJHQDV� HQ� ODV�HVFXHODV�SULPDULDV�GH�OD�3URYLQFLD�GHO�&KDFR��

Page 5: Procesos educativos en contextos interculturales

;�&RQJUHVR�$UJHQWLQR�GH�$QWURSRORJtD�6RFLDO�±�)DFXOWDG�GH�)LORVRItD�\�/HWUDV�±�8%$�±�%XHQRV�$LUHV��$UJHQWLQD���������������

HO� RFXSDURQ�� RFXSDEDQ«��� \� GH�SURFHVRV�FRQWHPSRUiQHRV�� FRPR�HV�HO� KHFKR�TXH�VHJ~Q� ORV� GDWRV� RILFLDOHV�� OD� JUDQ� PD\RUtD� GH� SHUVRQDV� TXH� VH� UHFRQRFHQ� FRPR�LQGtJHQDV��XQ�����VHJ~Q�7ULQFKHUR�������������KDELWDQ�]RQDV�QR�³WUDGLFLRQDOHV´���

'LFH�HO�DUWtFXOR�����LQFLVR�������&RUUHVSRQGH�DO�&RQJUHVR�>«@�������5HFRQRFHU�OD�SUHH[LVWHQFLD�pWQLFD�

\� FXOWXUDO� GH� ORV� SXHEORV� LQGtJHQDV� DUJHQWLQRV�� *DUDQWL]DU� HO� UHVSHWR� D� VX�LGHQWLGDG�\�HO�GHUHFKR�D�XQD�HGXFDFLyQ�ELOLQJ�H�H�LQWHUFXOWXUDO��UHFRQRFHU�OD�SHUVRQHUtD� MXUtGLFD� GH� VXV� FRPXQLGDGHV�� \� OD� SRVHVLyQ� \� SURSLHGDG�FRPXQLWDULDV�GH�ODV�WLHUUDV�TXH�WUDGLFLRQDOPHQWH�RFXSDQ��\�UHJXODU�OD�HQWUHJD�GH�RWUDV�DSWDV�\�VXILFLHQWHV�SDUD�HO�GHVDUUROOR�KXPDQR��QLQJXQD�GH�HOODV�VHUi�HQDMHQDEOH�� WUDQVPLVLEOH� QL� VXVFHSWLEOH� GH� JUDYiPHQHV� R� HPEDUJRV��$VHJXUDU�VX�SDUWLFLSDFLyQ�HQ�OD�JHVWLyQ�UHIHULGD�D�VXV�UHFXUVRV�QDWXUDOHV�\�D�ORV� GHPiV� LQWHUHVHV� TXH� ORV� DIHFWHQ�� /DV� SURYLQFLDV� SRGUiQ� HMHUFHU�FRQFXUUHQWHPHQWH�HVWDV�DWULEXFLRQHV���

(Q� WDQWR� TXH� GHUHFKR�GH� ORV� SXHEORV� LQGtJHQDV�� OD�(,%�SDVD�D� VHU� REMHWR� GH�GLYHUVDV�QRUPDWLYDV��HQWUH�ODV�FXDOHV��FRPR�GLMH��TXLHUR�GHVWDFDU�/H\�GH�(GXFDFLyQ�1DFLRQDO�1����������(VWD�OH\�GLFH�TXH�OD�(,%�FRQVWLWX\H��

��

³/D� PRGDOLGDG� GHO� VLVWHPD� HGXFDWLYR� GH� ORV� QLYHOHV� GH� (GXFDFLyQ� ,QLFLDO��3ULPDULD� \� 6HFXQGDULD� TXH� JDUDQWL]D� HO� GHUHFKR� FRQVWLWXFLRQDO� GH� ORV� SXHEORV�LQGtJHQDV�� FRQIRUPH� DO� $UW�� ���� LQF�� ��� GH� OD� &RQVWLWXFLyQ� 1DFLRQDO�� D� UHFLELU� XQD�HGXFDFLyQ�TXH�FRQWULEX\D�D�SUHVHUYDU�\� IRUWDOHFHU�VXV�SDXWDV�FXOWXUDOHV��VX� OHQJXD��VX� FRVPRYLVLyQ� H� LGHQWLGDG� pWQLFD�� D� GHVHPSHxDUVH� DFWLYDPHQWH� HQ� XQ� PXQGR�PXOWLFXOWXUDO� \� D� PHMRUDU� VX� FDOLGDG� GH� YLGD�� $VLPLVPR�� OD� (GXFDFLyQ� ,QWHUFXOWXUDO�%LOLQJ�H�SURPXHYH�XQ�GLiORJR�PXWXDPHQWH�HQULTXHFHGRU�GH�FRQRFLPLHQWRV�\�YDORUHV�HQWUH� ORV� SXHEORV� LQGtJHQDV� \� SREODFLRQHV� pWQLFD�� OLQJ�tVWLFD� \� FXOWXUDOPHQWH�GLIHUHQWHV�� \� SURSLFLD� HO� UHFRQRFLPLHQWR� \� HO� UHVSHWR� KDFLD� WDOHV� GLIHUHQFLDV�´��&DStWXOR��;,��DUWtFXOR������

�/D� /H\� KDFH� FLUFXODU� OD� UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ� GRPLQDQWH� TXH� OLJD� OD� (,%� D� XQ�

ELOLQJ�LVPR� SDUWLFXODU�� H[FOXVLYR� GH� ODV� SREODFLRQHV� LQGtJHQDV�� \� OLJDGR� DO�IRUWDOHFLPLHQWR�\�DO�OD�SUHVHUYDFLyQ�GH�OD�OHQJXD��HQ�VLQJXODU���

)UHQWH�D�HVWH�ELOLQJ�LVPR�±TXH�RWRUJD�D� ODV� OHQJXDV� LQGtJHQDV�XQ� OXJDU�HQ� OD�WUDGLFLyQ��� VH� SUHVHQWD� RWUR� ELOLQJ�LVPR�� OLJDGR� D� ODV� OHQJXDV� UHJLRQDOHV� ±HO�SRUWXJXpV��\�H[WUDQMHUDV�±QRUPDOPHQWH��HO�LQJOpV���HQ�HO�FXDO�ODV�OHQJXDV�VH�GHILQHQ�FODUDPHQWH� FRPR� ELHQHV� VLPEyOLFRV� GH� WUDQVDFFLyQ� HQ� HO� PHUFDGR� DFDGpPLFR� \�ODERUDO��5DLWHU�\�8QDPXQR��HQ�SUHQVD���/LJDGD�D�ODV�WUDGLFLRQHV�±�D�HVRV�OXJDUHV�TXH�WUDGLFLRQDOPHQWH� RFXSDQ��� ODV� OHQJXDV� LQGtJHQDV� HQ� (,%� DSDUHFHQ� UHVHUYDGDV� D�

Page 6: Procesos educativos en contextos interculturales

;�&RQJUHVR�$UJHQWLQR�GH�$QWURSRORJtD�6RFLDO�±�)DFXOWDG�GH�)LORVRItD�\�/HWUDV�±�8%$�±�%XHQRV�$LUHV��$UJHQWLQD���������������

SURFHVRV� GHVOLJDGRV� GH� OD� OyJLFD� GHO� PHUFDGR� OLQJ�tVWLFR� �%RXUGLHX�� ������� \�OLPLWDGRV�D�SURFHVRV�VLPEyOLFRV�VLWXDGRV�HQ�XQ�SDVDGR��HQ�HO�³SUHH[LVWLU´��

(V� HQ� HVWD� WHQVLyQ� HQWUH� GRV� ELOLQJ�LVPRV� SDUD� $UJHQWLQD� TXH�� FUHR�� SXHGHQ�VLWXDUVH�DOJXQRV�SUREOHPDV�GH� OD�(,%��0H� UHILHUR��HVSHFLDOPHQWH��D� OD� IDOWD�GH�XQD�SROtWLFD� H[SOtFLWD� \� RSHUDWRULD� D� IDYRU� GH� OD� IRUPDFLyQ� H� LQFRUSRUDFLyQ� HIHFWLYD� GH�GRFHQWHV�ELOLQJ�HV��HQ�ODV�HVFXHODV�FRQ�SREODFLyQ�DERULJHQ���

'LIHUHQWHV� HVWXGLRV� VREUH� (,%� PXHVWUDQ� TXH� HQ� OD� IRUPDFLyQ� GH� UHFXUVRV�KXPDQRV� FDOLILFDGRV� UDGLFD� HO� p[LWR� GH� OD� (,%�� DVt� FRPR� HQ� OD� DSURSLDFLyQ� GH� ODV�FRPXQLGDGHV� GH� ORV� SURFHVRV� HGXFDWLYRV� TXH� ORV� LPSOLFDQ� �/ySH]� \�.�SHU�� �������6LQ� HPEDUJR�� XQD� SROtWLFD� FODUD� \� GHFLGLGD� D� IDYRU� GH� OD� IRUPDFLyQ� GH� GRFHQWHV�LQGtJHQDV�\�VX�LQFRUSRUDFLyQ�FRPR�GRFHQWHV��LPSOLFDUtD�GHILQLU�ODV�OHQJXDV�LQGtJHQDV�FRPR�XQ�UHFXUVR�FRQ�YDORU�GH�PHUFDGR��HO�FRQRFLPLHQWR�GH�ODV�FXDOHV��SRU�HMHPSOR��SRGUtD�VHU�UHTXLVLWR�R�PpULWR�SDUD� OD�RFXSDFLyQ�GH�SXHVWRV�GH�WUDEDMR�HQ� ODV�]RQDV�LQGtJHQDV���

&RPR�VH�VDEH��VH�WUDWD�GH�SXHVWRV�GH�WUDEDMR�PX\�GHVHDGRV��\D�TXH�LPSOLFDQ�XQ� EXHQ� VDODULR� \� EXHQDV� FRQGLFLRQHV� ODERUDOHV� �YHU� IUDJPHQWR� VLJXLHQWH��� /D�LQFRUSRUDFLyQ�HIHFWLYD�GH�GRFHQWHV�ELOLQJ�HV�HQ�HVWRV�SXHVWRV� WUDHUtD�DSDUHMDGD� OD�UHFRORFDFLyQ� GH� SDUWH� GH� ORV� VHFWRUHV� LQGtJHQDV� HQ� ODV� FODVHV� PHGLDV�� VHJ~Q� ODV�REVHUYDFLRQHV� TXH� UHDOL]DGR�� (VWR� QR� VyOR� QR� HV� IRPHQWDGR� SRU� OD� DGPLQLVWUDFLyQ�S~EOLFD��VLQR�TXH�HV�UHVLVWLGR�SRU�RWURV�VHFWRUHV�VRFLDOHV��FRPR�HO�GH�ORV�GRFHQWHV�QR�LQGtJHQDV�� WDO� \� FRPR� LOXVWUD� HO� VLJXLHQWH� IUDJPHQWR� GH� XQD� HQWUHYLVWD� UHDOL]DGD� D�/XFDV��SURIHVRU�QR�LQGtJHQD�GH�]RQD�ZLFKL�GHO�&KDFR���

�)UDJPHQWR����(QWUHYLVWD�D�/XFDV��GRFHQWH�QR�LQGtJHQD��&KDFR����

�/XFDV��KR\�YRV�PH�GHFtDV�GHO�WHPD�GHO�GHVSOD]DPLHQWR�DO�PDHVWUR�EODQFR?_�[[� HV� OD� UHDOLGDG?� \� HV� YHUGDG?_� SHUR� WDPELpQ� VDEHPRV� TXH� HO� VLVWHPD�HGXFDWLYR�WLHQH�TXH�LU�DEVRUELHQGR�HVD�FDQWLGDG�GH�PDHVWURV�TXH�HVWiQ�HQ�XQ�OXJDU�TXH�QR�HVWiQ�D�JXVWR?_�XQ�PDHVWUR�EODQFR�QR�TXLHUHB\R�SLHQVR�TXH�HO�TXH�VLHQWH�OD�SURIHVLyQ�QR�TXLHUH�TXH�VXV�FKLFRV�QR�OR�HQWLHQGDQB�TXH�VXV�FKLFRV�QR�DYDQFHQ?_� \�HO� VyOR�KHFKR�GH�QR�VDEHU�PDQHMDU� OD� OHQJXD�\D�HV�XQD� WUDED� SDUD� TXH� SRU� DKt� QR� DYDQFHQ� OR� TXH� SRGUtDQ� DYDQ]DU?_� \� OD�VROXFLyQ�WH�GLJR�SRUTXHB�HV�XQD�]RQD�OHMRV?�WRGRV�ORV�PDHVWURV�SURIHVRUHV�OOHJDQ�GHVGH�PX\�OHMRV?�

Page 7: Procesos educativos en contextos interculturales

;�&RQJUHVR�$UJHQWLQR�GH�$QWURSRORJtD�6RFLDO�±�)DFXOWDG�GH�)LORVRItD�\�/HWUDV�±�8%$�±�%XHQRV�$LUHV��$UJHQWLQD���������������

,QYHVWLJDGRUD�� \� HVWiQ� D� JXVWR"_� SRUTXH� KD\� XQD� YDULDEOH� GH� WLSR�HFRQyPLFD?QR�_TXH�JDQDQB�/XFDV�� VH� JDQD�PiV?� VH� JDQD� ELHQ?_� ¢TXp� SDVD"_� HO� VLVWHPD� QRV� SHUPLWH�PXFKDV� FRVDV?� FRPR� OLFHQFLD� FRPRB� FRPR� IDOWD� MXVWLILFDGD?� FRPR�GtDV�GH�SDUR?_�SRUTXH�XQ�GRFHQWH�FXDQGR�VDOH�GH�HVWH�OXJDU?�QR�VDOH�XQ�GtD�R�GRV?�VDOH� XQD� VHPDQD� \� FXDQGR�PHQRV?� VL� QR� VRQ� GRV� VHPDQDV� TXH� HO� FKLFR�SHUGLy?_�\�FRQ�HO�PDHVWUR�ELOLQJ�H�HV�GH�DKt?�QR�WLHQH�OD�QHFHVLGDG�GH�LU�D�YHU�VXV�SDGUHV?� VX� IDPLOLD?� HQWRQFHV�HV�XQD�VROXFLyQ?_� VL� OD� YHPRV�GHVGH�RWUR�ODGR?� TXH� SRU� DKt� HO� PDHVWUR� EODQFR� VH� YDB\R� FUHR� TXH� WLHQHQ� TXH� LU�DEVRUELHQGR�RWUDV�UHJLRQHV�RWUDV�]RQDV?_�,QYHVWLJDGRUD��¢FXiO�HV�OD�SHUVSHFWLYD�GHO�PDHVWUR�EODQFR"_�¢FyPR�OR�YH"_�/XFDV��HO�EODQFR�OR�YH�DVt?_�GH�DKt?�H[LVWH�FLHUWD�UHVLVWHQFLD�KDB�KDFLD�OR�TXH�VH�OODPD�ELOLQJ�H�>«@?_�SRUTXH�VDEHQ�TXH�VRQ�OD�FRPSHWHQFLD?�\�VDEHQ�TXH�YDQ�D�RFXSDU�OXJDU�TXH�SRU�DKt�YRV�SHQVDEDV�FLQFR�DxRV�DWUiV�TXH�HUD�XQD�B�XQD�FRVD�LPSRVLEOH�SHQVDU�HQ�HVR?_�

�(Q� GHILQLWLYD�� OD� IDOWD� GH� XQD� SROtWLFD� FODUD� \� GHFLGLGD� D� IDYRU� GH� OD� IRUPDFLyQ�

�SRU� HMHPSOR�� D� WUDYpV� GH� EHFDV�� H� LQFRUSRUDFLyQ� GH� GRFHQWHV� LQGtJHQDV� HQ� ODV�HVFXHODV� �SRU� HMHPSOR�� D� WUDYpV� GHO� FRQVLGHUDU� ODV� FRPSHWHQFLDV� HQ� OHQJXDV�LQGtJHQDV�FRPR�UHTXLVLWR�SDUD�HO�DFFHVR�D�SXHVWRV�ODERUDOHV���SXHGH�VHU�LQWHUSUHWDGD�FRPR� XQD� UHVLVWHQFLD� D� WUDQVIRUPDFLRQHV� VRFLDOHV� TXH� UHGHILQLUtDQ� HO� ELOLQJ�LVPR�LQGtJHQD�HQ�WpUPLQRV�GH�PD\RU�HTXLGDG�FRQ�HO�RWUR�ELOLQJ�LVPR��

����(O�ELOLQJ�LVPR�\�OD�IRUPDFLyQ�GRFHQWH�SDUD�(,%����

&RPR� VH� GLMR�� HVWH� WUDEDMR� PXHVWUD� SDUWH� GH� ORV� UHVXOWDGRV� GH� XQ� HVWXGLR�VRFLROLQJ�tVWLFR� VREUH� ODV� OHQJXDV� HQ� OD� IRUPDFLyQ� H� LQVHUFLyQ� ODERUDO� GH� GRFHQWHV�SHUWHQHFLHQWHV�D�FRPXQLGDGHV�LQGtJHQDV�GH�OD�3URYLQFLD�GHO�&KDFR��1XHVWUR�HVWXGLR�VH� EDVD� HQ� XQD� DSUR[LPDFLyQ� HWQRJUiILFD� D� XQD� LQVWLWXFLyQ� GH� IRUPDFLyQ� GRFHQWH��TXH�OODPDUHPRV�HO�,QVWLWXWR��8QD�GH�ORV�UHVXOWDGRV�LQWHUHVDQWHV�GH�HVWH�HVWXGLR�HV�OD�FRQILUPDFLyQ� GH� OD� GLYHUVLGDG� OLQJ�tVWLFD� HQWUH� ORV� HVWXGLDQWHV� LQGtJHQDV� GH�HGXFDFLyQ�WHUFLDULD��1R�VyOR�SRUTXH�HQ�ODV�SUiFWLFDV�FRWLGLDQDV�LQYROXFUDGDV�HQ�HVWD�IRUPDFLyQ� DFDGpPLFD� HVWiQ� SUHVHQWHV� WUHV� OHQJXDV� �HO� ZLFKL�� HO� TRP� \� HO�PRTRLW���VLQR�WDPELpQ�SRUTXH�HQ�HOOD�SXHGHQ�REVHUYDUVH�XQD�JUDQ�KHWHURJHQHLGDG�GH�XVRV�\�GH�FRPSHWHQFLDV�FRPXQLFDWLYDV��8QDPXQR������E���

Page 8: Procesos educativos en contextos interculturales

;�&RQJUHVR�$UJHQWLQR�GH�$QWURSRORJtD�6RFLDO�±�)DFXOWDG�GH�)LORVRItD�\�/HWUDV�±�8%$�±�%XHQRV�$LUHV��$UJHQWLQD���������������

7DQWR�HQ�ORV�HVSDFLRV�IRUPDOHV�FRPR�LQIRUPDOHV�GH�HO�,QVWLWXWR�SXHGH�YHUVH�OD�SXHVWD�HQ�SUiFWLFD�GHO�PXOWLOLQJ�LVPR�HQ�VX�JUDQ�FRPSOHMLGDG��GHVGH� OD�DOWHUQDQFLD�GH�OHQJXDV��ORV�HQWUHFUX]DPLHQWRV��L�H��HO�XVR�GH�XQD�OHQJXD��SRU�SRUWH�GH�DOJXLHQ�D�TXLHQ�VH�OH�VXSRQH�QR�OH�FRUUHVSRQGH�VHJ~Q�VX�SHUWHQHQFLD�pWQLFD�R�FRPXQLWDULD���HO�XVR� GH� YDULHGDGHV� GLIHUHQWHV� GHO� FDVWHOODQR�� HO� XVR� GH� YDULHGDGHV� LQFLSLHQWHV��FRQYHUVDFLRQHV�ELOLQJ�HV��HQ�GRV�OHQJXDV���HWF���

6H� WUDWD� GH� UHSHUWRULRV� SOXULOLQJ�HV� HQ� SHUPDQHQWH� PHWDPRUIRVLV�� (Q� OD�WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ�GH�HVWRV�UHSHUWRULRV�SOXULOLQJ�HV��HO�,QVWLWXWR�WLHQH�XQ�URO�FODYH��3RU�XQ�ODGR�� ORV� UHJtPHQHV� LQWHUDFFLRQDO� \� VRFLROLQJ�tVWLFR� �%ORPPDHUW�� ������ HQ� DOJXQRV�HVSDFLRV� GH� GLFKD� LQVWLWXFLyQ� GLVFXWHQ� \�� D� YHFHV�� LQYLHUWHQ� HO� YDORU� VRFLDO� GH� ODV�OHQJXDV� LQGtJHQDV� IXHUD� GH� HOOD�� UHJXODQGR� OD� SDUWLFLSDFLyQ� GH� VXV� KDEODQWHV� HQ�HVSDFLRV�\�SUiFWLFDV�HQ�GyQGH�ODV�FRPSHWHQFLDV�HQ�OHQJXDV�LQGtJHQDV�VRQ�YDOXDGDV�SRVLWLYDPHQWH�� 6L� ELHQ� SXHGHQ� REVHUYDUVH� KDEODQWHV� TXH� SRQHQ� HQ� MXHJR�FRPSHWHQFLDV� PiV� DPSOLDV� R� PiV� UHVWULQJLGDV� HQ� OHQJXDV� DERUtJHQHV� \� HQ�FDVWHOODQR�� TXLHQHV�GHPXHVWUDQ�PDHVWUtD�HQ� ODV�SULPHUDV� VRQ�DOWDPHQWH� YDORUDGRV�SRU�VXV�SDUHV��

3RU� RWUR� ODGR�� FDEH� FRQVLGHUDU� ODV� GHVFULSFLRQHV� TXH� ORV� IXWXURV� GRFHQWHV�KDFHQ�GH�VXV�XVRV�YHUEDOHV��6HJ~Q�XQD�HQFXHVWD�VRFLROLQJ�tVWLFD�������������� ORV�HVWXGLDQWHV�GH�QLYHO�WHUFLDULR�SURYHQLHQWHV�GH�GLIHUHQWHV�]RQDV�GHO�&KDFR�LGHQWLILFDQ�DO� ,QVWLWXWR� FRPR� HO� iPELWR� HQ� HO� FXDO� HPSOHDQ� PiV� IUHFXHQWHPHQWH� OHQJXDV�LQGtJHQDV��HO�����GHO�WRWDO�GH�HQFXHVWDGRV�GLFH�KDEODU�DOJXQD�OHQJXD�DERULJHQ�HQ�HO�,QVWLWXWR� WHUFLDULR��� (VWR� VH� H[SOLFD� HVSHFLDOPHQWH� SRU� OD� SUHVHQFLD� LPSRUWDQWH� GH�HVWXGLDQWHV� SURYHQLHQWHV� GH� ]RQDV� XUEDQDV� \� SHULXUEDQDV�� TXLHQHV� GLFHQ� HPSOHDU�PD\RULWDULDPHQWH� HO� FDVWHOODQR� HQ� FRQWH[WRV� IDPLOLDUHV� \� HQ� VXV� EDUULRV�� (OORV�UHSUHVHQWDQ� FDVL� XQ� ���� GH� OD� PXHVWUD�� 3DUD� HVWRV� HVWXGLDQWHV�� OD� IRUPDFLyQ�GRFHQWH�DSDUHFH�IUHFXHQWHPHQWH�FRPR�HO�~QLFR�OXJDU�HQ�GRQGH�HOORV�GLFHQ�HPSOHDU�OD� OHQJXD� DERULJHQ� \� FRPR� XQ� HVSDFLR� SULYLOHJLDGR� GH� UHFXSHUDFLyQ� GH� OD� OHQJXD�PDWHUQD����

���������������������������������������������h � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � ��

Page 9: Procesos educativos en contextos interculturales

;�&RQJUHVR�$UJHQWLQR�GH�$QWURSRORJtD�6RFLDO�±�)DFXOWDG�GH�)LORVRItD�\�/HWUDV�±�8%$�±�%XHQRV�$LUHV��$UJHQWLQD���������������

(O�,QVWLWXWR�DSDUHFH�WDPELpQ�FRPR�HO�OXJDU�PiV�UHIHUHQFLDGR�HQ�UHODFLyQ�FRQ�HO�GHVDUUROOR� GH� FRPSHWHQFLDV� FRPXQLFDWLYDV� HVFULWDV�� /D�PD\RUtD� GH� ORV� HVWXGLDQWHV�HQFXHVWDGRV� HQ� HO� ,QVWLWXWR� �PXHVWUD� 6DHQ]� 3HxD�� PDQLILHVWD� QR� KDEHU� WHQLGR�SUHYLDPHQWH� H[SHULHQFLDV� GH� DSUHQGL]DMH� GH� OD� OHFWXUD� \� OD� HVFULWXUD� HQ� OHQJXDV�DERUtJHQHV�� \� HV� HO� ,QVWLWXWR� HO� iPELWR� TXH� PiV� UHFXUUHQWHPHQWH� VH� VHxDOD� HQ�UHODFLyQ�FRQ�GLFKRV�DSUHQGL]DMHV��

�(Q�GLFKD�HQFXHVWD��ODV�OHQJXDV�DERUtJHQHV�DSDUHFHQ�WDPELpQ�UHODFLRQDGDV�FRQ�

QXHYDV�SUiFWLFDV�\�D�QXHYRV�IRUPDWRV�GLVFXUVLYRV��3RU�HMHPSOR��FDVL�HO�����GH� ORV�HQFXHVWDGRV� GLFH� HPSOHDU� HVWDV� OHQJXDV� HQ� ORV� PHQVDMHV� D� WUDYpV� GH� WHOpIRQRV�PyYLOHV�� \� DOJXQRV� GLFHQ� XVDUODV� D� WUDYpV� GH� ODV� FRPSXWDGRUDV�� (Q� QXHVWUDV�REVHUYDFLRQHV�� HVWH� XVR� GH� ODV� OHQJXDV� LQGtJHQDV� HV� D~Q� PiV� JHQHUDOL]DGR��8QDPXQR������D�����

(O� FDVWHOODQR�� SRU� VX� SDUWH�� DSDUHFH� UHFXUUHQWHPHQWH�HQ� ODV�QDUUDWLYDV�GH� ORV�HVWXGLDQWHV�� HQ� HVSHFLDO� HQ� � UHIHUHQFLD� D� VXV� FRQYHUVDFLRQHV� FRQ� TXLHQHV� QR�SHUWHQHFHQ�D�VXV�FRPXQLGDGHV��6H�WUDWD�GH�XQD�OHQJXD�TXH�HV�LGHQWLILFDGD�FRPR�XQ�HOHPHQWR�FODYH�HQ�OD�HVWUDWLILFDFLyQ�VRFLDO�GH�ORV�HQWRUQRV�HQ�ORV�HVWXGLDQWHV�FXDOHV�SDUWLFLSDQ��(Q�ODV�]RQDV�SHULXUEDQDV�ZLFKLV��SRU�HMHPSOR��HO�FDVWHOODQR�GH�ORV�EODQFRV�HV�GHVFULWR�FRPR�GLIHUHQWH�DO�FDVWHOODQR�GH�FULROORV�\�DO�FDVWHOODQR�GH�ORV�LQGtJHQDV��FRQIRUPDQGR� WUHV� YDULHGDGHV� FRQ� YDORUHV� VRFLROLQJ�tVWLFRV� GLIHUHQWHV� \� FRQ� UROHV�LPSRUWDQWHV�HQ�ORV�SURFHVRV�GH�FRQVWUXFFLyQ�GH�OD�SHUWHQHQFLD�VRFLDO��(O�³FDVWHOODQR�GH� ODV� SDODEUDV� WpFQLFDV´�� FRPR� OODPDQ� ORV�HVWXGLDQWHV�DO� HVSDxRO� GH� OD� IRUPDFLyQ�GRFHQWH�±\�GH�ORV�EODQFRV���HV�GHVFULWR�FRQ�XQ�HOHPHQWR�FODYH�HQ�HO�³DFFHVR´�D�ORV�

Page 10: Procesos educativos en contextos interculturales

;�&RQJUHVR�$UJHQWLQR�GH�$QWURSRORJtD�6RFLDO�±�)DFXOWDG�GH�)LORVRItD�\�/HWUDV�±�8%$�±�%XHQRV�$LUHV��$UJHQWLQD����������������

GRPLQLRV� VRFLDOHV� FRQWURODGRV� SRU� ODV� SHUVRQDV� EODQFDV�� HQWUH� ORV� FXDOHV� HVWi� OD�HGXFDFLyQ��8QDPXQR������F����

(Q� GHILQLWLYD�� HO� ELOLQJ�LVPR� GH� OD� IRUPDFLyQ� GH� GRFHQWHV� LQGtJHQDV� SRGUtD�GHVFULELUVH� D� SDUWLU� GH� SUiFWLFDV� KHWHURJpQHDV� SURSLDV� GH� ORV� ELOLQJ�HV� \� GH� XQ�UHSHUWRULR� HQ� SHUPDQHQWH� WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ�� (VWH� ELOLQJ�LVPR�� TXH� GLVFXWH� OD� LGHD� GH�VXPDWRULD� GH�PRQROLQJ�LVPRV� \� FRPR� SDUWH� GH� ORV� SURFHVRV� UHODWLYRV� DO� UHWURFHVR�OLQJ�tVWLFR�� HV� D~Q� PiV� UHOHYDQWH� HQ� HO� PDUFR� GH� OD� (,%� VL� OR� FRQVLGHUDPRV� HQ�UHIHUHQFLD�D�WUHV�SXQWRV�TXH�FRQVLGHUR�FODYHV���

���/D�SRVLELOLGDG�TXH�ODV�OHQJXDV�LQGtJHQDV�GH�UHIHUHQFLD�FRPXQLWDULD��QR�VHDQ�DGTXLULGDV��HQ� OD�SULPHUD�VRFLDOL]DFLyQ�QL�HQ� OD�SULPHUD�LQIDQFLD��VLQR� D� OR� ODUJR�GH�RWURV� SURFHVRV� \� HQ�RWUDV� HWDSDV� �0HVVLQHR� \�+HFKW��������+HFKW����������

���/D�FRQFHSFLyQ�GHO�ELOLQJ�LVPR�FRPR�DOJR�GLQiPLFR��HPHUJHQWH�HQ�XVRV� KHWHURJpQHRV� \� HQ� FRPSHWHQFLDV� GHVHTXLOLEUDGDV�� UHODFLRQDGR� SRU�XQ� ODGR�FRQ�OD� LGHQWLGDG�\�SRU�RWUR�FRQ�OD�WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ�FRQWLQXD�GH�ORV�UHSHUWRULRV�YHUEDOHV��$Vt�SRU�HMHPSOR��HQ�PXFKRV�FDVRV�� ORV�HVWXGLDQWHV�GLVWLQJXHQ� HQWUH� /�� \� OHQJXD� PDWHUQD�� DILUPDQGR� TXH� VH� FRQVLGHUDQ�ELOLQJ�HV� ³SRUTXH� KDEODQ� HVSDxRO� \� HVWiQ� DSUHQGLHQGR� VX� OHQJXD�PDWHUQD´��/D�OHQJXD�PDWHUQD�HV�GHVFULWD�DVt�HQ�UHODFLyQ�FRQ�OD�FRPXQLGDG�GH�SHUWHQHQFLD�PiV�TXH�FRQ�ORV�XVRV�OLQJ�tVWLFRV�IDPLOLDUHV��

��� /DV� SUiFWLFDV� \� HVSDFLRV� GH� IRUPDFLyQ� GH� GRFHQWHV� LQGtJHQDV�FRPR� FHQWUDO� HQ� OD� LQFRUSRUDFLyQ� GH� SUiFWLFDV� YHUEDOHV� HQ� ODV� OHQJXDV�DERUtJHQHV� \�HQ�HO� GHVDUUROOR� GH� FRPSHWHQFLDV�SOXULOLQJ�HV� �&RVWH�HW� DO����������

����(O�ELOLQJ�LVPR�\�OD�JHVWLyQ�GH�OHQJXDV�TXH�VH�GHVFULEHQ�HQ�ODV�DXODV����

(Q�XQ�SUR\HFWR�UHFLHQWH��H[SORUDPRV�OD�LQVHUFLyQ�GH�ORV�GRFHQWHV�LQGtJHQDV�HQ�ODV�HVFXHODV�SULPDULDV�GH�GLYHUVDV�]RQDV�GHO�&KDFR��YHU�QRWD�DO�SLH�����1XHVWUD�LGHD�HV� UHOHYDU� OD� VLWXDFLyQ�HQ�TXH� VH�HQFXHQWUDQ�HQ�JHQHUDO�� HO� XVR�TXH�KDFHQ�GH� ODV�OHQJXDV� LQGtJHQDV� HQ� SDUWLFXODU�� DVt� FRPR� ODV� SUiFWLFDV� HGXFDWLYDV� HQ� TXH� pVWDV�

Page 11: Procesos educativos en contextos interculturales

;�&RQJUHVR�$UJHQWLQR�GH�$QWURSRORJtD�6RFLDO�±�)DFXOWDG�GH�)LORVRItD�\�/HWUDV�±�8%$�±�%XHQRV�$LUHV��$UJHQWLQD����������������

HVWiQ� SUHVHQWHV�� 6L� ELHQ� HV� XQ� SUR\HFWR� TXH� D~Q� HVWi� HQ� FXUVR�� DOJXQDV�FRQVLGHUDFLRQHV� VRQ� SHUWLQHQWHV� GH� GLVFXWLU� DTXt�� \D� TXH� SHUPLWHQ� DSUR[LPDUVH� DO�ELOLQJ�LVPR�TXH�GHVFULEHQ�ODV�SUiFWLFDV�FRQFUHWDV�HQ�HO�FRQWH[WR�GH�(,%��

&RPR� VH� VDEH�� WUDGLFLRQDOPHQWH� HO� URO� GHO� GRFHQWH� LQGtJHQD� HVWi� OLJDGR� D� OD�WUDGXFFLyQ��$FXxD��������0DOGRQDGR��������6HUUXGR���������(VWR�HV�FRKHUHQWH�FRQ�HO�PRGHOR�GH�HGXFDFLyQ�ELOLQJ�H�GH�WUDQVLFLyQ�TXH�GRPLQD�HQ�HO�SDQRUDPD�QDFLRQDO�HQ�FRQWH[WRV�LQGtJHQDV��%DQIL�\�5HWWDUROL���������(Q�WDO�PRGHOR��HO�XVR�GH�ODV�OHQJXDV�DERUtJHQHV� REWLHQH� VHQWLGR� HQ� WDQWR� TXH� JDUDQWtD� GH� OD� FRPSUHVLyQ� GH� OD�FRPXQLFDFLyQ� HQWUH� DOXPQRV� DERUtJHQHV� \� GRFHQWHV� EODQFRV�� DVt� FRPR� ORV�FRQWHQLGRV�FXUULFXODUHV�HVFRODUHV�HQ�FDVWHOODQR���

/D�WUDGXFFLyQ�HV�OD�DFWLYLGDG�TXH�PD\RUPHQWH�VH�HVSHUD�GHO�GRFHQWH�LQGtJHQD��\� HV� HQ� PXFKRV� FDVRV� HO� OXJDU� GHVGH� GyQGH� VH� OR� HYDO~D�� (Q� HO� LPDJLQDULR� GH�GRFHQWHV� EODQFRV� \� GLUHFWLYRV�� VH� WUDWD� GH� XQD� DFWLYLGDG� IiFLO�� GHO� WUDVSDVR� GH� XQD�OHQJXD� D� RWUD�� (O� GRFHQWH� ELOLQJ�H� FRPR� WUDGXFWRU� HV� OD� UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ� PiV�JHQHUDOL]DGD� HQWUH� ORV� GLUHFWLYRV� TXH� KHPRV� HQWUHYLVWDGR� HQ� HO� SUR\HFWR� ����GLUHFWLYRV� GH� HVFXHODV� ORFDOL]DGDV� HQ� GLIHUHQWHV� ]RQDV� GHO� &KDFR��� /D� WUDGXFFLyQ��FRPR�JDUDQWtD�GH�WUDQVSDUHQFLD�\�FRPR�KHUUDPLHQWD�GH�FRQWURO�SRU�SDUWH�GH� ORV�QR�LQGtJHQDV�� HVWi� OLJDGD� D� XQD� QRFLyQ� GH� ELOLQJ�LVPR� �FRPR� VXPDWRULD� GH�FRPSHWHQFLDV� PRQROLQJ�HV� H� LGpQWLFDV� �HO� ELOLQJ�H� FRPR� SHUVRQD� TXH� H[KLEH�PDHVWUtDV� QDWLYDV� HQ� DPEDV� OHQJXDV� ±%ORRPILHOG�� �������� TXH� ODV� SUiFWLFDV�FRQFUHWDV�GH�ORV�KDEODQWHV�SRQHQ�HQ�FXHVWLRQDPLHQWR��

6LQ� HPEDUJR�� HO� DQiOLVLV� GHWDOODGR� GH� ODV� SUiFWLFDV� HVFRODUHV� HQ� ODV� TXH�LQWHUYLHQHQ� GRFHQWHV� LQGtJHQDV� LQWHUSHOD� OD� UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ� GHO� PRGHOR� GRFHQWH�WUDGXFWRU��(O�VLJXLHQWH�IUDJPHQWR�VHUYLUtD�SDUD�LOXVWUDU�HVWH�SXQWR���

>YLGHR���@��)UDJPHQWR�����&ODVH�ELOLQJ�H��]RQD�ZLFKL��&KDFR���� ��� 0%��¢\�HVWH�QHQLWR�TXH�WLHQH�HVWD�OHWUD"_�FyPR�VH�OODPD"__���� $OV��)UDQNOLQ��!���� 0%��)UD��QNOLQ?__�¢YLQR�IUDQNLQ"�_�

���������������������������������������������� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� �

� � � � �> �D � � � � � �D� �D �� �Dt � � �� � �� �� �� � �> � � � � � � � ���

Page 12: Procesos educativos en contextos interculturales

;�&RQJUHVR�$UJHQWLQR�GH�$QWURSRORJtD�6RFLDO�±�)DFXOWDG�GH�)LORVRItD�\�/HWUDV�±�8%$�±�%XHQRV�$LUHV��$UJHQWLQD����������������

��� $OV��VL?���� 0%��VL?���� 0:��«����� 0%��VL?__�SUHVH�QWH?_���� HO�QLxR�VH�DFHUFD�D�OD�SL]DUUD�D�SHJDU�VX�QRPEUH ���� 0%��HVWH�QHQLWR���TXH�WLHQH�HVWD�OHWUD�TXLpQ�VHUi"�����0:��� D�OD�FODVH �\DKLQ�WRMOKL�KDWH�NDPD\LN� D�OD�QLxD�GH�VX�L]TXLHUGD�TXH�HVWi�PLUDQGR�SDUD�RWUR�ODGR �OH�WRFD�HO�KRPEUR ��\DKLQ�WRMOKL�KDWH�NDPD\LN��>�PLUHQ�TXLpQ�HV"�PLUHQ�TXLpQ�HV"@�����$OD�� VH�DFHUFD�D�OD�0: �WLN�QN¶R�"��>HV�PLD��OD�OHWUD�"@������0%��DTXt�OD�VHxRULWD�GHWUiV��0LUHQ��VKVK� SLGH�VLOHQFLR �����0:��NKD�WDLS¶RD\HM�\DKLQ�>VLpQWDWH�\�HVSHUD�WXUQR@������0%��^�%��OD�OHWUD?_�����0%��GH�TXLpQ�HV�HVWD�OHWUD"�����0:��=DLUD?_�=DLUD?_���&RPR�SXHGH�REVHUYDUVH�HQ�HVWH�FDVR��PiV�TXH�HO�WUDVSDVR�GH�XQD�OHQJXD�RWUD��

HO� URO� GHO� GRFHQWH� ELOLQJ�H� VH� GHILQH� HQ� VX� WUDEDMR� GH� KHWHURIDFLOLWDFLyQ� GH� OD�FRPSUHQVLyQ� \� GH� OD� SDUWLFLSDFLyQ� GH� ORV� QLxRV� ZLFKLV�� 3RU� OD� PDQHUD� HQ� TXH� VH�RUJDQL]D� HO� HVSDFLR� \� VH� FRQILJXUD� OD� SDUWLFLSDFLyQ� �OD� GRFHQWH� LQGtJHQD� IXHUD� GHO�FtUFXOR�� HQ� OD� SHULIHULD��� HOOD� RFXSD� XQ� OXJDU� VHFXQGDULR�� 6LQ� HPEDUJR�� HV� D� HOOD� D�TXLHQ�UHFXUUHQ�ORV�QLxRV�SDUD�FRQILUPDU�OD�FRPSUHQVLyQ�GH�OR�GLFKR�\�GH�OD�DFWLYLGDG�HQ�VX�FRQMXQWR��UHFRQILJXUDQGR�OD�FODVH�D�WUDYpV�GH�OD�SURSLD�SDUWLFLSDFLyQ��PRYLHQGR�HO�FHQWUR�GH�OD�FODVH�GHVGH�HO�HMH�FHQWUDO�D�OD�SHULIHULD����

7DO� \� FRPR� PXHVWUD� HO� YLGHR�� HQ� ODV� DXODV� ELOLQJ�HV� FRPR� HVWDV� QR� SDUHFH�KDEHU�XQD�FR�JHVWLyQ�GH� ODV� OHQJXDV�DOOt�SUHVHQWHV��0iV�ELHQ��DFRJHQ�SUiFWLFDV�GH�DVLPpWULFDV��HYLGHQWHV�HQ�HO�FRQWURO�GH� OD�VXFHVLyQ�GH�WXUQRV�TXH�HMHUFH�HO�GRFHQWH�EODQFR� HQ� OD� FRQYHUVDFLyQ� �0DUWLQ�-RQHV� \� 6D[HQD�������� HQ� OD� JHVWLyQ� GH� OD�³DJHQGD�GH�FODVH´� �&D]GHQ���������HQ�HO� URO�TXH�RFXSD�HQ� OD�DEHUWXUD�\�FLHUUH� �GH�HSLVRGLRV�GLVFXUVLYRV� �6LQFODLU� \�&RXOWKDUG�� ������� HWF�� /RV�SDWURQHV�GH�FDPELR�GH�FyGLJR�TXH�VH�GDQ�GXUDQWH�HVWD�FODVH�KDFHQ�HYLGHQWH��DGHPiV��ODV�IRUPDV�HQ�TXH�VH�FRQVWLWX\HQ�HQ�OD�SUiFWLFD�ODV�UHODFLRQHV�DVLPpWULFDV�GH�SRGHU�\�DXWRULGDG����

(O�ELOLQJ�LVPR�TXH�GHVFULEHQ�HVWDV�SUiFWLFDV�HV��HQ�GHILQLWLYD��HO�GH� MHUDUTXtDV�HQWUH� OHQJXDV� \� HQWUH� KDEODQWHV�� HQ� ODV� FXDOHV� HO� GRFHQWH� EODQFR� RFXSD� HO� URO� GH�TXLHQ�JHVWLRQD� OD�FRQYHUVDFLyQ� �\�VXV� OHQJXDV���\�HQ�GRQGH� OD�FRPSUHQVLyQ�GH� ODV�DFWLYLGDGHV� PD\RULWDULDPHQWH� HQ� FDVWHOODQR� TXHGD� JDUDQWL]DGD� SRU� RWUD� OHQJXD�� OD�FXDO�DFW~D�GH�EDVWLGD����

Page 13: Procesos educativos en contextos interculturales

;�&RQJUHVR�$UJHQWLQR�GH�$QWURSRORJtD�6RFLDO�±�)DFXOWDG�GH�)LORVRItD�\�/HWUDV�±�8%$�±�%XHQRV�$LUHV��$UJHQWLQD����������������

3RU� RWUR� ODGR�� HQ� OD� PLVPD� ]RQD� SXHGHQ� REVHUYDUVH� RWUR� WLSR� GH� FODVHV��DTXHOODV�HQ�OD�TXH�OD�GRFHQWH�ELOLQJ�H��HQ�WDQWR�TXH�PDHVWUD�GH�JUDGR��HVWi�VROD�FRQ�ORV�QLxRV��(Q�VX�PD\RUtD��VRQ�PDHVWURV�HJUHVDGRV�GHO�,QVWLWXWR�TXLHQHV�GHVGH�KDFH�DOJXQRV� DxRV� VH� KDQ� LGR� LQFRUSRUDQGR� D� ODV� HVFXHODV� SULPDULDV� GH� ODV� ]RQDV�DERUtJHQHV� GHO� &KDFR�� /D� PD\RUtD� GH� HVWDV� HVFXHODV� FXHQWDQ� FRQ� XQR� R� FRPR�Pi[LPR�GRV�PDHVWURV�LQGtJHQDV��&DVL�HO�����GH�HOORV�RFXSDQ�FDUJRV�HQ�SULPHU�FLFOR�GH� HGXFDFLyQ� SULPDULD� �QRUPDOPHQWH�� HQ� SULPHUR� \� VHJXQGR� JUDGR��� 6RQ� FDVRV�H[FHSFLRQDOHV�TXLHQHV�RFXSDQ�FDUJRV�GLUHFWLYRV�\�QR�KD\�QLQJ~Q�VXSHUYLVRU�LQGtJHQD�HQ�GLFKDV�]RQDV���

�>9LGHR��@��(Q� HVWH� FDVR�� HO� ELOLQJ�LVPR� SXHGH� GHVFULELUVH� D� SDUWLU� GH� RWURV� SDUiPHWURV��

HQWUH�ORV�FXDOHV�FDEH�GHVWDFDU����� HO� XVR�DOWHUQDQWH�GH� OD� OHQJXD� LQGtJHQD�\�HO� FDVWHOODQR�VHJ~Q�TXLpQ�VHD�HO�

GHVWLQDWDULR��FDPELR�GH�FyGLJR�RULHQWDGR�DO�SDUWLFLSDQWH��HQ�WpUPLQRV�GH�$XHU������������ OD�DOWHUQDQFLD�HQWUH� OHQJXDV�SDUD�PDUFDU�FDPELRV�HQ� OD�FRQILJXUDFLyQ�GH� OD�

DFWLYLGDG�HVFRODU��S�H��FDPELR�GH�WHPD�X�KRUD�GHO�UHFUHR�����HO�XVR�GH�OD�OHQJXD�LQGtJHQD�FRPR�UHFXUVR�IDFLOLWDGRU�GH�OD�FRPSUHQVLyQ�GH�

WH[WRV�HQ�FDVWHOODQR����� � HO� XVR� PHWDIyULFR� GHO� FDPELR� GH� OHQJXD� �%ORP� \� *XPSHU]�� ������� SRU�

HMHPSOR��HQ�OD�FLWDFLyQ������HWF����6L�ELHQ�VH�SRGUtD�KDFHU�XQ� LQYHQWDULR�GH� ORV�XVRV�SOXULOLQJ�HV�HQ�HVWDV�FODVHV�

ELOLQJ�HV�� HQ�HVWH� FDVR�TXLHUR� GHVWDFDU� HO� XVR�TXH� VH�KDFH�GH� OD� OHQJXD� LQGtJHQD�SDUD� PHGLDU� HQWUH� OD� WDUHD� TXH� VH� SURSRQH� HO� GRFHQWH� �OLJDGD� D� OD� SODQLILFDFLyQ�GRFHQWH�� SRU� XQ� ODGR�� \� DO� FXUULFXOXP� HVFRODU� FRP~Q� SRU� RWUR��� ORV� PDWHULDOHV� �HQ�FDVWHOODQR�� \� ORV� DOXPQRV� �FRQ� DFWLWXGHV� GLIHUHQWHV� KDFLD� OD� OHQJXD� LQGtJHQD��� /D�JHVWLyQ� GH� ODV� OHQJXDV� VH� YH� FRQVWUHxLGD�� HQWUH� RWUDV� FRVDV�� SRU� DOJXQDV� GH� ODV�VLJXLHQWHV�SUHJXQWDV�TXH�VH�KDFHQ�ORV�GRFHQHV���

Page 14: Procesos educativos en contextos interculturales

;�&RQJUHVR�$UJHQWLQR�GH�$QWURSRORJtD�6RFLDO�±�)DFXOWDG�GH�)LORVRItD�\�/HWUDV�±�8%$�±�%XHQRV�$LUHV��$UJHQWLQD����������������

��� ¢4Xp� OHQJXD� HPSOHDU� HQ� FODVH� FXDQGR� HQ� HOOD� QR� VyOR� KD\� LQGtJHQDV"�¢&yPR� FRQYHQFHU� D� ODV� IDPLOLDV� FULROODV� R� EODQFDV� TXH� ODV� OHQJXDV� LQGtJHQDV� VRQ�UHOHYDQWHV�HQ�OD�IRUPDFLyQ�GH�VXV�KLMRV"���

���¢4Xp�OHQJXD�HPSOHDU�FRQ�ORV�QLxRV�LQGtJHQDV�VL�IXHUD�GH�VX�FODVH��HO�UHVWR�GH� ODV� DXODV� VRQ�H[FOXVLYDPHQWH�HQ� FDVWHOODQR�� \� HQ�HVWD� OHQJXD�KDQ�GH� VHJXLU� OD�HVFRODULGDG"��

���¢&XiO�HV�OD�PHMRU�PDQHUD�GH�FRQVHJXLU�TXH�ORV�QLxRV�\�ODV�QLxDV�GH�VX�FODVH�QR�IUDFDVHQ�HQ�OD�HVFXHOD��VLQ�HO�DSR\R�GH�PDWHULDOHV�HVSHFtILFRV�SDUD�OD�HGXFDFLyQ�ELOLQJ�H�\�VLQ�XQD�FRQWLQXLGDG�GH�GRFHQWHV�ELOLQJ�HV�HQ�HO�VLVWHPD"��

�3DUD� OLDU�FRQ�HVWDV�SUHJXQWDV��QRUPDOPHQWH�HO�GRFHQWH�ELOLQJ�H� LQGtJHQD�HVWi�

VROR����

���$�PRGR�GH�FRQFOXVLyQ��

(O� REMHWLYR� GH� OD� SUHVHQWH� FRPXQLFDFLyQ� KD� VLGR� GLVFXWLU� EUHYHPHQWH� GHVGH�GLIHUHQWHV� SXQWRV�GH� YLVWD� OD� QRFLyQ�GH� ³%LOLQJ�LVPR´� HQ�HO�PDUFR�GH� OD�(GXFDFLyQ�,QWHUFXOWXUDO�%LOLQJ�H��3DUD�HOOR��VH�KDQ�HOHJLGR�WUHV�IRFRV��HQWUH�RWURV�SRVLEOHV��� ORV�GLVFXUVRV�RILFLDOHV�� OD� IRUPDFLyQ�GH�GRFHQWHV�SDUD�HVWD�PRGDOLGDG�HGXFDWLYD�� \� ODV�LQWHUDFFLRQHV�HQ� ODV�DXODV�ELOLQJ�HV��'HVGH�HVWDV� WUHV� LQVWDQFLDV�VH�SUHWHQGH�� WDO�\�FRPR� GHILHQGH� 6LFKUD� ���������� GHVFULELU� DVSHFWRV� GH� XQ� ³ELOLQJ�LVPR� VRFLDOPHQWH�VLWXDGR´����

3DUD�HOOR��VH�KDQ�FRQWUDSXHVWR��HQ�SULPHU�OXJDU��GRV�WLSRV�GH�ELOLQJ�LVPRV�TXH�FRQYLYHQ� HQ� ODV� SROtWLFDV� OLQJ�tVWLFDV� \� HGXFDWLYDV� HQ�$UJHQWLQD�� XQ� ELOLQJ�LVPR�GH�WLSR����GH�\�SDUD� LQGtJHQDV��\�XQ�ELOLQJ�LVPR�GH� WLSR����(O�SULPHUR�SDUHFH�GHILQLUVH�IXHUD�GH�OyJLFD�GHO�PHUFDGR�OLQJ�tVWLFR�\�VH�GHVFULEH�GH�DFXHUGR�D�RWURV�SDUiPHWURV��FRPR� OD� WUDGLFLyQ�� OD� SUHH[LVWHQFLD� \� OD� GHOLPLWDFLyQ� WHUULWRULDO�� (O� VHJXQGR�� SRU� VX�SDUWH�� VH� GHVFULEH� GHVGH� OD� OyJLFD� GHO� PHUFDGR� ±ODV� OHQJXDV� FRPR� FDSLWDO�HFRQyPLFR�� HO� DSUHQGL]DMH� FRPR� LQYHUVLyQ�� HWF���� VH� VLW~D� HQ� OD� PRGHUQLGDG�� HO�DFFHVR� WHFQROyJLFR�� OD� PHMRUD� GH� OD� FDOLGDG� GH� YLGD�� HWF�� \� VH� SRVWXOD� FRPR�WUDQVWHUULWRULDO��6LQ� HPEDUJR�� VHJ~Q� VH�PXHVWUD�PX\�VXFLQWDPHQWH�HQ�HVWH� WUDEDMR��

Page 15: Procesos educativos en contextos interculturales

;�&RQJUHVR�$UJHQWLQR�GH�$QWURSRORJtD�6RFLDO�±�)DFXOWDG�GH�)LORVRItD�\�/HWUDV�±�8%$�±�%XHQRV�$LUHV��$UJHQWLQD����������������

H[LVWHQ� WHQVLRQHV� VRFLDOHV� FRQ� FRQVHFXHQFLDV� HQ� OD� LPSOHPHQWDFLyQ� HIHFWLYD� GH� OD�(,%�� UHODFLRQDGDV� MXVWDPHQWH� FRQ� ODV� UHVLVWHQFLDV� SROtWLFDV� \� VRFLDOHV� D� UHVLWXDU� HO�ELOLQJ�LVPR�GH�WLSR���HQ�QXHYDV�OyJLFDV�VRFLDOHV��HFRQyPLFDV�\�SROtWLFDV��HV�GHFLU��D�KDFHUOR�HTXLSDUDEOH�HQ�DOJXQRV�VHQWLGRV�DO�ELOLQJ�LVPR�GH�WLSR�����

(O� ELOLQJ�LVPR� SXHGH� PLUDUVH� WDPELpQ� GHVGH� OD� IRUPDFLyQ� GRFHQWH��HVSHFtILFDPHQWH�GHVGH� OD� IRUPDFLyQ�GH�DFWRUHV�FODYHV�HQ� OD� FRQFUHFLyQ�GH� OD�(,%��FRPR� SXHGHQ� VHU� ORV� GRFHQWHV� LQGtJHQDV�� $TXt� HO� ELOLQJ�LVPR�� WDO� \� FRPR� KHPRV�VHxDODGR��DGTXLHUH�QXHYDV�GLPHQVLRQHV�� UHODWLYDV�D� ODV�SUiFWLFDV�FRWLGLDQDV�HQ� ODV�FXDOHV�VH�PXHYHQ� ORV�ELOLQJ�HV��\�HVSHFLDOPHQWH�DO� LPSDFWR�TXH�HQ� ORV� UHSHUWRULRV�FRPXQLFDWLYRV�GH� ORV�HVWXGLDQWHV� LQGtJHQDV� WLHQH�HO� ,QVWLWXWR�GH� IRUPDFLyQ�GRFHQWH��6HJ~Q� QXHVWUR� HVWXGLR�� HQ� pO�� ORV� UHJtPHQHV� VRFLROLQJ�tVWLFRV� GRPLQDQWHV� VH�GLVFXWHQ�� \� ODV� FRPSHWHQFLDV� HQ� OHQJXDV� LQGtJHQDV� VRQ� YDOXDGDV� GH� RWUD�PDQHUD��SRVLWLYDPHQWH���

(VWDV� QXHYDV� FRPSHWHQFLDV� GH� ORV� GRFHQWHV� LQGtJHQDV� VRQ� ODV� TXH� VH�HVSHUDUtD�YHU�GHVSOHJDGDV�HQ�ODV�DXODV�ELOLQJ�HV��6LQ�HPEDUJR��HQ�GLFKDV�DXODV�ODV�SUiFWLFDV� GHVFULEHQ� GLIHUHQWHV� ELOLQJ�LVPRV�� SRU� XQ� ODGR�� DTXHO� TXH� VRVWLHQH� XQD�DVLPHWUtD�GH�SRGHU�\�DXWRULGDG�D�WUDYpV�GH�XQD�JHVWLyQ�GH�ODV�OHQJXDV�TXH�RWRUJD�D�OD� OHQJXD� LQGtJHQD�XQ� OXJDU�VXSHGLWDGR�DO�FDVWHOODQR��GHSHQGLHQWH�GH�pVWH��SRU�RWUR�ODGR��DTXHO�TXH�HPHUJH�HQ�ODV�SUiFWLFDV�FRWLGLDQDV�GH�PDHVWURV�GH�JUDGR�LQGtJHQDV��\� TXH� PXHVWUDQ� OD� FRPSOHMLGDG� GHO� KDEOD� ELOLQJ�H� HQ� VLWXDFLRQHV� GH� HQVHxDQ]D�DSUHQGL]DMH� HQ� ODV� FXDOHV� ORV� FRQWHQLGRV� \� ORV� PDWHULDOHV� QR� GHMDQ� GH� VHU�PRQROLQJ�HV� HQ� FDVWHOODQR�� \� HQ� ODV� FXDOHV� HO� GRFHQWH� GHEH� OLDU� FRQ� DFWLWXGHV�QHJDWLYDV�KDFLD� OD�HQVHxDQ]D�ELOLQJ�H�SRU�SDUWH�GH�RWURV�GRFHQWHV�\�GH�IDPLOLDV�QR�LQGtJHQDV���

'LFH� ,QJH� 6LFKUD� ����������� ³$~Q� QR� FRQRFHPRV� HO� IXQFLRQDPLHQWR� GH� ODV�OHQJXDV�LQGtJHQDV�HQ�ORV�GLVWLQWRV�iPELWRV�HQ�ORV�TXH�OXFKDQ�SRU�DEULUVH�SDVR��$~Q�QRV� IDOWD� HQ� FDVL� WRGDV� ODV� OHQJXDV� LQGtJHQDV� XQD� HWQRJUDItD� GH� OD� FRPXQLFDFLyQ�VyOLGD� \� GHWDOODGD� �«�� 4XL]i� VHD� WLHPSR� GH� DFHUFDUQRV� ³DFDGpPLFDPHQWH´��³SROtWLFDPHQWH´� �HQ� WDQWR� TXH� SODQLILFDFLyQ� OLQJ�tVWLFD�� D� OD� UHDO� GLPHQVLyQ� GH� OR�FRWLGLDQR�HQ�WDQWR�HVSDFLR�GH�JHQHUDFLyQ�GH�FRQRFLPLHQWR�\�GH�FUHDWLYLGDGHV´��(VWD�FRPXQLFDFLyQ�KD�SUHWHQGLGR��GH�DOJXQD�PDQHUD��DSRUWDU�HQ�HVWH�VHQWLGR���

Page 16: Procesos educativos en contextos interculturales

;�&RQJUHVR�$UJHQWLQR�GH�$QWURSRORJtD�6RFLDO�±�)DFXOWDG�GH�)LORVRItD�\�/HWUDV�±�8%$�±�%XHQRV�$LUHV��$UJHQWLQD����������������

��

���%LEOLRJUDItD��$FXxD�� /�� ������� ³'H� OD� FDVWHOODQL]DFLyQ� D� OD� HGXFDFLyQ� LQWHUFXOWXUDO� ELOLQJ�H�� VREUH� OD�DWHQFLyQ�GH�OD�GLYHUVLGDG�OLQJ�tVWLFD�HQ�OD�$UJHQWLQD´��(Q��5HYLVWD�GH�KLVWRULD�ERQDHUHQVH��,;��������������$XHU��3���������%LOLQJXDO�&RQYHUVDWLRQ��$PVWHUGDP��%HQMDPLQV��%DQIL��&�� \�6��5HWWDUROL� ������� ³6WDII�3URILOHV�DQG�0,QRULW\�DQG�3UHVWLJLRXV�%LOLQJXDO�(GXFDWLRQ� LQ�$UJHQWLQD´��(Q��+pORW��&���'H�0HMtD��$�0�� �HGV���)RUJLQJ�0XOWLOLQJXDO�6SDFHV�� ,QWHJUDWHG� 3HUVSHFWLYHV� 7RZDUGV� %LOLQJXDO� (GXFDWLRQ� %ULGJLQJ�� WKH� *DS�EHWZHHQ� 3UHVWLJLRXV� %LOLQJXDOLVP� DQG� WKH� %LOLQJXDOLVP� RI� 0LQRULWLHV�� 0XOWLOLQJXDO�0DWWHUV��%ORP�� -�3� \� -�� -�� *XPSHU]� ������� �6RFLDO� 0HDQLQJ� LQ� /LQJXLVWLF� 6WUXFWXUHV�� &RGH�6ZLWFKLQJ� LQ� 1RUWKHUQ� 1RUZD\��� (Q�� -�� -�� *XPSHU]� \� '�� +\PHV�� 'LUHFWLRQV� LQ�6RFLROLQJXLVWLFV��1HZ�<RUN��+ROW��5LQHKDUW��DQG�:LQVWRQ��%ORPPDHUW�� -�� ������� 7KH� VRFLROLQJXLVWLFV� RI� JOREDOL]DWLRQ�� &DPEULGJH�� 1HZ� <RUN��&DPEULGJH�8QLYHUVLW\�3UHVV��%ORRPILHOG��/���������/DQJXDJH��+ROW��1HZ�<RUN��%RXUGLHX�� 3�� ������� ¢4Xp� VLJQLILFD� KDEODU"� (FRQRPtD� GH� ORV� LQWHUFDPELRV�OLQJ�tVWLFRV��0DGULG��$NDO��&D]GHQ��&��%���������(O�GLVFXUVR�GHO�DXOD��%DUFHORQD��3DLGyV��&RVWH�� 'DQLHO�� 'DQLqOH� 0RRUH� \� *HQqYLHYH� =DUDWH� ������� 3OXULOLQJXDO� DQG�3OXULFXOWXUDO�&RPSHWHQFH��(VWUDVEXUJR��&RQVHMR�GH�(XURSD��������)HUJXVRQ��&K���������©�'LJORVLD�ª��(Q���:RUG���������������)LVKPDQ��-RVKXD�$���������³:KR�VSHDNV�ZKDW�ODQJXDJH�WR�ZKRP�DQG�ZKHQ"´�(Q��/D�/LQJXLVWLTXH������������)LVKPDQ�� -RVKXD�$�� ������� ³%LOLQJXDOLVP�ZLWK�DQG�ZLWKRXW� GLJORVVLD� �� GLJORVVLD�ZLWK�DQG�ZLWKRXW�ELOLQJXDOLVP´��(Q��-RXUQDO�RI�6RFLDO�,VVXHV�������������*XPSHU]��-���������'LVFRXUVH�6WUDWHJLHV��&DPEULGJH��83��+HOOHU�� 0�� �HG��� ������� &RGH� VZLWFKLQJ�� DQWKURSRORJLFDO� DQG� VRFLROLQJXLVWLF�SHUVSHFWLYHV��%HUOLQ��0RXWRQ�GH�*UX\WHU��

Page 17: Procesos educativos en contextos interculturales

;�&RQJUHVR�$UJHQWLQR�GH�$QWURSRORJtD�6RFLDO�±�)DFXOWDG�GH�)LORVRItD�\�/HWUDV�±�8%$�±�%XHQRV�$LUHV��$UJHQWLQD����������������

�+HFKW�� $�&�� ������� ³7RGDYtD� QR� VH� KDOODURQ� KDEODU� HQ� LGLRPD´�� 3URFHVRV� GH�VRFLDOL]DFLyQ�OLQJ�tVWLFD�GH�ORV�QLxRV�HQ�HO�EDUULR�WRED�GH�'HUTXL��$UJHQWLQD���0~QLFK��/,1&20�6WXGLHV�LQ�6RFLROLQJXLVWLFV���/ySH]��/��\�:��.�SHU��������/D�(GXFDFLyQ�,QWHUFXOWXUDO�%LOLQJ�H�HQ�$PpULFD�/DWLQD��EDODQFH�\�SHUVSHFWLYDV��&RFKDEDPED��(GLWRUD�+�\�3��0DOGRQDGR��$���������/D�&XHVWLyQ�GHO�%LOLQJ�LVPR�HQ�OD�(,%��7HRUtDV�\�5HDOLGDGHV��$FWDV� GHO� ;,� &RQJUHVR� GH� OD� 6RFLHGDG� $UJHQWLQD� GH� /LQJ�tVWLFD�� 'LVSRQLEOH� HQ��KWWS���ZZZ�OHQJXDV�XQF�HGX�DU�DOHGDU�KRVWHG�[LFRQJUHVR�VLPSRVLRB\BFRORTXLR�ELOLQJXLVPR�PDOGRQDGR�SGI�0DUWLQ�-RQHV�� 0�� \� 0�� 6D[HQD� ������� ³7XUQ�7DNLQJ�� 3RZHU� $V\PPHWULHV�� DQG� WKH�3RVLWLRQLQJ� RI� %LOLQJXDO� 3DUWLFLSDQWV� LQ� &ODVVURRP� 'LVFRXUVH´�� (Q�� /LQJXLVWLFV� DQG�(GXFDWLRQ���������������0HVVLQHR�� &�� \� &�� +HFKW� ������� ³%LOLQJ�LVPR�� VRFLDOL]DFLyQ� H� LGHQWLGDG� HQ�FRPXQLGDGHV� ,QGtJHQDV´�� (Q�� $QDOHV� GH� OD� HGXFDFLyQ� FRP~Q�� 7HUFHU� VLJOR�� DxR� ���Q~PHUR����(GXFDFLyQ�\�OHQJXDMHV��0RQGDGD��/�� �������³/H�FRGH�VZLWFKLQJ�FRPPH�UHVVRXUFH�SRXU�/¶RUJDQLVDWLRQ�GH� OD�SDUROH�HQ�LQWHUDFWLRQ�ª�(Q���-RXUQDO�RI�ODQJXDJH�FRQWDFW�±�7+(0$��������������5DLWHU��$��\�9��8QDPXQR��HQ�SUHQVD��/D�(GXFDFLyQ� ,QWHUFXOWXUDO�%LOLQJ�H��GLVFXUVRV�VREUH�HO�RWUR�\�QRVRWURV��LQpGLWR��5RPDLQH��6���������%LOLQJXDOLVP��2[IRUG��%ODFNZHOO��6HUUXGR��$���������³,QGtJHQDV�HQ�OD�HVFXHOD��UHSUHVHQWDFLRQHV�\�WHQVLRQHV�DFHUFD�GH�ORV� GRFHQWHV� LQGtJHQDV� ELOLQJ�HV� HQ� $UJHQWLQD´�� (Q��+LUVFK� \� 6HUUXGR� �FRPSV��� /D�HGXFDFLyQ� LQWHUFXOWXUDO� ELOLQJ�H�HQ�$UJHQWLQD�� ,GHQWLGDGHV�� OHQJXDV�\�SURWDJRQLVWDV��%XHQRV�$LUHV��1RYHGXF������������6LFKUD��,���������³(O�ELOLQJ�LVPR�HQ�OD�WHRUtD�� OD� LGHDOL]DFLyQ�\�OD�SUiFWLFD��¢GyQGH�OR�HQFRQWUDPRV"� 8QD� UHIOH[LyQ� VRFLROLQJ�tVWLFD� VREUH� HO� FRQWDFWR� GH� OHQJXDV´�� 9�(QFXHQWUR�GH�/HQJXDV�$ERUtJHQHV�\�([WUDQMHUDV��8QLYHUVLGDG�1DFLRQDO�GH�6DOWD�����DO����GH�PD\R�GH��������6LQFODLU�\�0��&RXOWKDUG��������7RZDUGV�DQ�$QDO\VLV�RI�'LVFRXUVH��2[IRUG��2�8�3��7ULQFKHUR��+�� ������� ³/RV�SXHEORV�RULJLQDULRV�HQ�$UJHQWLQD��5HSUHVHQWDFLRQHV�SDUD�XQD� FDUDFWHUL]DFLyQ� SUREOHPiWLFD´�� (Q�� 6HPLQDULR� 3HUPDQHQWH� GH� &XOWXUD� \�5HSUHVHQWDFLRQHV�6RFLDOHV�����0DU]R���������8QDPXQR�� 9�� ������� ³'LOHPDV� PHWRGROyJLFRV�� SUHJXQWDV� GH� LQYHVWLJDFLyQ´�� (Q��(VWXGLRV�GH�VRFLROLQJ�tVWLFD������������������

Page 18: Procesos educativos en contextos interculturales

;�&RQJUHVR�$UJHQWLQR�GH�$QWURSRORJtD�6RFLDO�±�)DFXOWDG�GH�)LORVRItD�\�/HWUDV�±�8%$�±�%XHQRV�$LUHV��$UJHQWLQD����������������

8QDPXQR�� 9�� � ������� ³0XOWLOLQJXDO� VZLWFK� LQ� SHHU� FODVVURRP� LQWHUDFWLRQ´�� (Q��/LQJXLVWLFV�DQG�(GXFDWLRQ������������8QDPXQR�� 9�� �����D�� 3OXULOLQJXLVPR� H� LGHQWLGDG� HQWUH� MyYHQHV� DERUtJHQHV�FKDTXHxRV��(Q��,17(5$&d®(6�������������8QDPXQR��9�������E��%LOLQJ�LVPR��IRUPDFLyQ�GRFHQWH�H�LQVHUFLyQ�HVFRODU�HQ�OD�(,%��&RPXQLFDFLyQ�3UHVHQWDGD�HQ�HO�,,�6HPLQDULR�³/HQJXDV�\�3ROtWLFDV�HQ�$UJHQWLQD�\�HO�0(5&2685´��8QLYHUVLGDG�GH�7UHV�GH�)HEUHUR�����\����GH�DJRVWR�GH�������8QDPXQR��9�������F���³+DEODU�FRUUHFWDPHQWH�HV�HQWHQGHU�ELHQ�ORV�WpUPLQRV�TXH�XVDQ�ORV� EODQFRV´�� KDFLD� XQD� GHVFULSFLyQ� VLWXDGD� GHO� SOXULOLQJ�LVPR� SDUD� XQD� HGXFDFLyQ�LQWHUFXOWXUDO� ELOLQJ�H� HQ� DUJHQWLQD�� (Q�� 5HYLVWD� /HWUDV�� ���� 6DR� 3DXOR�� %UDVLO�� HQ�SUHQVD��:HLQUHLFK��8����������/DQJXDJHV�LQ�FRQWDFW��7KH�+DJXH��0RXWRQ��

�$QH[R����6LPERORJtD�GH�WUDQVFULSFLyQ��!�FRQWLQXDFLyQ�GHO�WXUQR�SRU�HO�PLVPR�SDUWLFLSDQWH�6HFXHQFLDV�WRQDOHV���GHVFHQGHQWH��?�DVFHQGHQWH�����SUHJXQWD�FRQ�SURQRPEUH�"��PDQWHQLGD���3DXVDV���EUHYH�_�PHGLD�__�ODUJD��Q~PHUR�GH�VHJXQGRV�!���!�DXVHQFLD�GH�SDXVD�$ODUJDPLHQWR�VLOiELFR��VHJ~Q�GXUDFLyQ�Â�ÂÂ�ÂÂÂ�(QFDEDOJDPLHQWRV�� WH[WR�ORFXWRU�$ � WH[WR�ORFXWRU�% �,QWHUUXSFLRQHV��WH[WRB�,QWHQVLGDG��SLDQR�^�3�WH[WR`�SLDQLVVLPR�^�33�WH[WR`�IRUWH�^�)�WH[WR`�IRUWLVVLPR�^�))�WH[WR`�7RQR��DOWR�^�$��WH[WR`�EDMR�^�%��WH[WR`�7HPSR��DFHOHUDGR�^�$&�WH[WR`�GHVDFHOHUDGR�^�'&�WH[WR`��7UDQGXFFLyQ�DSUR[LPDGD��>WH[WR@���&RPHQWDULRV�VREUH�OR�QR�YHUEDO� �WH[WR� ��)UDJPHQWRV�LQFRPSUHQVLEOHV��VHJ~Q�GXUDFLy����;;;�_�;;;�;;;�_�;;;�;;;�;;;����

Page 19: Procesos educativos en contextos interculturales

;�&RQJUHVR�$UJHQWLQR�GH�$QWURSRORJtD�6RFLDO�±�)DFXOWDG�GH�)LORVRItD�\�/HWUDV�±�8%$�±�%XHQRV�$LUHV��$UJHQWLQD����������������

�������