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First published in 2008 by: The Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers Hamamatsu-cho, Yasaki White Building Shiba-daimon, Minato-ku Tokyo 105-0012 Japan 2008 The Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers, Japan. The Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers is not, as a body, responsible for the opinions expressed by the individual authors or speakers. Printed and bounded in Japan

2255tthh IINNTTEERRNNAATTIIOONNAALL TTOOWWIINNGG TTAANNKK CCOONNFFEERREENNCCEE Organizing Committee in Japan

Prof. Katsuro Kijima (Chairman) Professor Emeritus of Kyushu University Dr. Naoteru Tsuda (Vice Chairman) Chairman of the Japan Soc. Nav. Arch. and Ocean Eng.Mr. Makoto Harunari Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and TourismDr. Kazuhisa Kuda Ministry of Defense, Technical R & D Institute Mr. Shiro Inoue National Maritime Research Institute Mr. Hiroyuki Maekawa The Japanese Shipowners' Association Mr. Noboru Ueda Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (Class NK)Mr. Masamoto Tazaki Shipbuilders' Association of JapanMr. Hiroshi Ishiwata The Cooperative Association of Japan Shipbuilders Dr. Yushu Washio Shipbuilding Research Center of Japan Mr. Shiro Iijima Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.Mr. Yoshinori Imashimizu IHI Marine United Inc.Mr. Tamiyoshi Iwasaki Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. Mr. Tomokazu Taniguchi Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation Mr. Shin Takeuchi Universal Shipbuilding CorporationMr. Hitoshi Kashimoto Sumitomo Heavy Industries Marine & Engineering Mr. Hitoshi Fujita Imabari Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.Mr. Takaaki Itoh Sanoyas Hishino Meisho Corporation Mr. Michio Nakagawa Shin Kurushima Dockyard Co., Ltd. Mr. Tomoyuki Yamazaki Namura Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.Mr. Yasunori Kohatake Tsuneishi Shipbuilding CompanyMr. Tatsuaki Hori Oshima Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.Mr. Kouichi Nakatani Onomichi DockyardProf. Takeshi Kinoshita The University of TokyoProf. Chang-Kyu Rheem (Secretary) The University of TokyoProf. Yasuyuki Toda (Secretary) Osaka UniversityProf. Masashi Kashiwagi Osaka UniversityProf. Tsugukiyo Hirayama Yokohama National UniversityDr. Naoji Toki Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.Mr. Akio Itoh IHI CorporationDr. Yoshiaki Kodama National Maritime Research Institute Dr. Kazuyuki Yamakita Ministry of Defense, Technical R & D Institute Dr. Seiko Ogiwara Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers

Executive Committee in Japan

Prof. Takeshi Kinoshita (Chairman) The University of TokyoProf. Yasuyuki Toda (Secretary) Osaka UniversityProf. Katsuro Kijima Professor Emeritus of Kyushu University Prof. Tsugukiyo Hirayama Yokohama National UniversityProf. Masashi Kashiwagi Osaka UniversityDr. Yoshiaki Kodama National Maritime Research Institute Mr. Akio Itoh IHI CorporationDr. Naoji Toki Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.Dr. Kazuyuki Yamakita Ministry of Defense, Technical R & D Institute Prof. Hiroharu Kato Toyo University

Dr. Yoshitaka Ukon National Maritime Research Institute Dr. Noriyuki Sasaki National Maritime Research Institute Dr. Munehiko Hinatsu National Maritime Research Institute Dr. Shigesuke Ishida National Maritime Research Institute Prof. Naoya Umeda Osaka UniversityProf. Yoshiho Ikeda Osaka Prefecture UniversityProf. Yusuke Tahara Osaka Prefecture UniversityProf. Eiichi Kobayashi Kobe UniversityProf. Shigeru Nishio Kobe UniversityProf. Yasuaki Doi Hiroshima UniversityProf. Hironori Yasukawa Hiroshima UniversityProf. Shuji Nagata Saga UniversityProf. Chang-Kyu Rheem The University of TokyoProf. Takafumi Kawamura The University of TokyoProf. Yusaku Kyozuka Kyushu UniversityProf. Akiji Shinkai Kyushu UniversityProf. Jun Ando Kyushu UniversityProf. Yoshitaka Furukawa Kyushu UniversityProf. Masahiko Nakamura Kyushu UniversityProf. Chaniku Shin Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science Prof. Kuniaki Shoji Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Dr. Norio Ishii Akishima Laboratories (Mitsui Zosen) Inc. Dr. Michio Takai Sumitomo Heavy Industries Marine & Engineering Dr. Mitsuyasu Nagahama Universal Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.Dr. Koichiro Matsumoto Universal Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.Dr. Kazunori Sato Shipbuilding Research Centre of Japan Mr. Toshikazu Masuya National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering Dr. Yasunroi Iwasaki Akashi Ship Model Basin Co. Ltd.Mr. Yoshifumi Tai Imabari Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.Dr. Jian Gang Shi Tsuneishi Shipbuilding CompanyDr. Seiko Ogiwara Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers

Local Organizing Committee in Fukuoka

Prof. Masashi Kashiwagi (Chaiman) Osaka UniversityProf. Yusaku Kyozuka ESST, Kyushu UniversityProf. Akiji Shinkai Kyushu UniversityProf. Jun Ando Kyushu UniversityProf. Yoshitaka Furukawa Kyushu UniversityProf. Satoru Yamaguchi Kyushu UniversityProf. Masahiko Nakamura RIAM, Kyushu UniversityProf. Changhong Hu RIAM, Kyushu UniversityDr. Makoto Sueyoshi RIAM, Kyushu UniversityMs. Mizuho Mizutani Administrative SupportMs. Masako Yoshizu Administrative Support

Editors Prof. Masashi Kashiwagi

Prof. Yasuyuki Toda


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Specialist Committee on Stability in Waves

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Proceedings of 25th ITTC Volume

Preface

It is my privilege to write this introduction to the Proceedings of the 25th International Towing

Tank Conference on behalf of the Organizing Committee, the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers.

The full conference took place in Japan the first time in 1966 at Tokyo, and the second in 1987 at Kobe. This time the venue is Fukuoka. We have three industrial and academic centers of the naval architecture in Japan. The Organizing Committee greatly appreciates tremendous efforts by the colleagues of the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics and the Department of Maritime Engineering, Kyushu University.

In 1966 Japanese ship building industry and related research activities were on catch-up stage. We learned a lot of things from the ITTC community. In 1987 Japanese ship building industry and related research activities were leading the top with other countries. Now we all are facing many issues such as global warming. The ITTC community should contribute to supporting the development of economical, safe an environmentally friendly maritime transportation, and offshore oil and gas extraction.

The proceedings include very high quality reports produced by the 25th ITTC General and Specialist Committees and the Quality System Group. The Chairmen, Secretaries and the Members of the Committees and Group are to be congratulated on their excellent contributions. On behalf of the Members of the 25th ITTC Executive Committee I thank all those just mentioned for sparing their time and effort in producing these most valuable reports.

Finally it is my personal pleasure to acknowledge and thank all my colleagues of the Organizing Committee, especially Professors Masashi Kashiwagi and Yasuuki Toda, who have been unstinting in their efforts to plan and arrange this Conference and those on the Executive Committee for their support.

I hope that you all have a very fruitful time during the conference and enjoy the social programme and your stay with us.

Professor Takeshi Kinoshita Chairman, 25th ITTC Executive Committee


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Proceedings of 25th ITTC Volume I

Table of Contents

Volume I

Preface Table of Contents Volume I Table of Contents Volume II Committees of the 25th ITTC The Advisory Council 7

1. Membership and Meetings 7 2. Activities and Recommendation of the Advisory Council 7 3. Officers for the 26th ITTC Advisory Council 9

The Executive Committee 11 1. Introduction 11 2. Obituaries 11 3. Committee Membership 16 4. Committee Meetings 16 5. Committee Decisions 18

The Resistance Committee 21 1. Introduction 21 2. Resistance Committee Questionnaire 22 3. Trends in Experimental Fluid Dynamics 26 4. Scaling and Extrapolation Methods 32 5. Trends in Computational Fluid Dynamics 39 6. Validation of Prediction Techniques 45 7. Facility Bias World Wide Campaign 50 8. Design References and Optimization 58 9. Far Field Waves and Wash 60

10. Airwakes 63 11. Recommendations 68 12. References 68

The Propulsion Committee 83 1. Introduction 83 2. Update the State-of-the-Art for Propulsion Systems Emphasising Developments 85

Since the 2005 ITTC Conference 3. Review ITTC Recommended Procedures 98 4. Critically Review Examples of Validation of Prediction Techniques 109

Identify and Specify Requirements for New Benchmark Data 5. Review the Development and Progress in Unconventional Propulsors 112

Such as Tip-rake, Trans-cavitating and Composite Propellers (Hydroelasticity and Cavitation Erosion Susceptibility Taken into Account

6. Review Propulsion Issues in Shallow Water and Formulate Recommendations for 117 Research

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Table of Contents Volume

7. Review the Methods for Predicting the Performance of Secondary Thrusters and 120 Compare with Operational Experience

8. Finalise the Benchmark Tests for Waterjets and Analysis of the Data 125 9. Conclusion 131

10. References 134 The Manoeuvring Committee 143

1. Introduction 143 2. Overview of Manoeuvring Prediction Methods 145 3. Progress in System Based Simulations 150 4. Progress in CFD Based Manoeuvring Simulation Methods 154 5. Validation of Simulations & Benchmark Data: SIMMAN 2008 161 6. Manoeuvring and Course Keeping in Waves 171 7. New Experimental Techniques 176 8. Shallow and Confined Waters and Ship-Ship Interactions 180 9. Standards and Safety 184

10. Procedures 191 11. Conclusions 195 12. Recommendations to the ITTC 197

The Seakeeping Committee 209 1. General 209 2. Review of State-of-the-Art 211 3. ITTC Recommended Procedures 244 4. Conclusions and Recommendations 245 5. References and Nomenclature 251

The Ocean Engineering Committee 263 1. General 263 2. Bottom-Founded Structures 265 3. Predicting the Behaviour of Stationary Floating Structures and Ships 269 4. Dynamically Positioned Ships, Mobs 276 5. Wind, Waves and Current 278 6. Hydroelasticity and Impact 280 7. Renewable Energy Systems 283 8. New Experimental Techniques 286 9. Progress in CFD 290

10. Existing Procedures 292 11. Benchmark Data for Validation of CFD Codes 293 12. Validation of Software for Predicting Wave Loads and Responses of 294

Offshore Structures 13. Multiple-Scale Model Testing 294 14. Modelling Wind in Model Basins 298 15. Conclusions 301 16. Recommendations 304 17. Appendix: Benchmark Data for Validating CFD Codes 304 18. References 308

The Quality Systems Group 325 1. General 325 2. Tasks Performed 325

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3. Other Matters 333 Appendix 1: Interim Tasks and Structure of the 26th ITTC Technical Committees and 337

Group 1. Structure of Technical Committees 337 2. Terms of Reference for the General and Specialist Technical Committees and Group 337 3. Mechanism for Identifying New Specialist Technical Committees 338 4. Proposed Structure of the Technical Committees and Group for 26th ITTC 338 5. Tasks of the Technical Committees and Group of the 26th ITTC 338

Appendix 2: Form for Curriculum Vitae of Nominees to ITTC Technical Committees 339 Appendix 3: Technical Committees Members Performance Evaluation Sheet 341 Appendix 4: Application Form to ITTC Membership 343 Appendix 5: Rules of International Towing Tank Conference (Current Version) 345

1. Aims 345 2. Activities 345 3. Membership 345 4. Organisation 345 5. Meetings 348 6. Composition of Executive Committee Based on GEO-Graphic Areas 349 7. List of Geographic Areas 349 8. General Additional Guide-Lines for the Operation of the ITTC 349

Appendix 6: Rules of International Towing Tank Conference 351 (Proposal of the Revised Version)

1. Description 351 2. Aims 351 3. Activities 351 4. Membership 351 5. Full Conference 352 6. Executive Committee 353 7. Advisory Council 355 8. Technical Committees 355 9. Groups 357

10. Serving in More Than One Capacity 357 11. ITTC Secretary 357 12. Management of ITTC Funds 358 13. The Conference 359 14. Communications 360

Appendix 7: List of Member Organizations 367 Appendix 8: List of Representatives (R), Members of Committees and Group (M) and 387

Observers (O), Invited for the 25th ITTC


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Table of Contents

Volume II

Preface Table of Contents Volume I Table of Contents Volume II Committees of the 25th ITTC The Specialist Committee on Powering Performance Prediction 397

1. Executive Summary 397 2. Introduction 397 3. Tasks Set from the 24th ITTC 398 4. Foreword 398 5. Powering Performance Prediction 398 6. Predicting Powering Margins 421 7. Resistance of High Speed Marine Vehicles 422 8. Conclusions and Recommendations 425 9. References 427 Appendix A: Data Sheets for Database of Model and Full Scale Trials 429

The Specialist Committee on Uncertainty Analysis 433 1. Introduction 433 2. Completed Procedures 435 3. Structure of the Report 435 4. Uncertainty Analysis 435 5. Repeatability versus Reproducibility 440 6. Inter-laboratory Comparison 444 7. Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Experimental Hydrodynamics 446 8. Instrument Calibration 449 9. Laser Doppler Velocimetry 452

10. Uncertainty Analysis for PIV Measurements 453 11. Uncertainty Analysis Procedures for Captive Model Tests 455 12. Free-Running Model Tests 458 13. Uncertainty in Water Properties 462 14. Conclusions 462 15. Recommendations 463 16. References 463

Specialist Committee on Cavitation 473 1. Introduction 473 2. Cavitation Survey 474 3. Cavitation Modeling 477 4. Current Cavitation Modeling Methods 478 5. Multiphase Flow Cavitation Modeling 486 6. Rudder Cavitation 494

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Table of Contents Volume II

7. Waterjet Cavitation 499 8. Summary and Conclusion 503 9. Recommendations 505

10. References 505 Appendix A: Unconventional Rudders and Rudders Behind Highly-Loaded Propellers 513 Appendix B: Waterjet Cavitation Issues 517

The Specialist Committee on Wake Fields 535 1. General 535 2. Introduction 536 3. Survey of Numerical Methods for prediction of Wake Fields at Model and Full Scale 537 4. Review of Experimental Methods of Determining the Velocity Distribution in 543

the Wake 5. Development of Procedures for Measuring the Velocity Distribution in the Ship 551

Wake at Model Scale 6. Review and Update of the Existing Guidelines for the Simulation of the Wake 552

Fields for Cavitation Testing 7. Guidelines for the Use of PIV in Determining the Velocity Distribution in the Wake 553 8. Recommendations to the Conference 555 9. References and Nomenclature 556

The Specialist Committee on Azimuthing Podded Propulsion 563 1. Membership and Meetings 563 2. Recommendations of the 24th ITTC (Committees Tasks) 563 3. Introduction 564 4. State-of-the-Art 564 5. Podded Propulsor Tests and Extrapolation 567 6. Guidelines on Extrapolation to Full-Scale 573 7. Questionnaires 582 8. Review and Analysis of Cavitation Behaviour of Podded Propulsors Under 586

the Effect of Pod Steering Angle 9. Special Applications for Podded Propulsion 594

10. Technical Conclusions 599 11. References 599

The Specialist Committee on Stability in Waves 605 1. Introduction 605 2. Prediction of Extreme Motions and Capsizing of Intact Ships 606 3. Prediction of Dynamics of Damaged Ships 611 4. Stability Safety Assessment 624 5. Conclusions and Recommendations 632 6. References and Nomenclature 633

The Specialist Committee on Vortex Induced Vibrations Committee 641 1. General 641 2. Review of the State of the Art 643 3. Assessment of Prediction Methods 657 4. Technical Conclusions 659 5. References 660

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Committees of the 25th ITTC

Executive Committee Prof. Takeshi Kinoshita Chairman The University of Tokyo, JAPAN Dr. In-Young Koh Representative of Americas NSWC, David Taylor Model Basin, USA Dr. Harri Soininen Representative of Northern Europe VTT Industrial Systems, FINLAND Ir. Arne Hubregtse Representative of Central Europe MARIN, THE NETHERLANDS Dr. Ulderico Bulgarelli Representative of Southern Europe INSEAN, ITALY Prof. Yasuyuki Toda Representative of Pacific Islands Osaka University, JAPAN Dr. Seung-il Yang Representative of East Asia Maritime & Ocean Engineering Research Institute, KOREA Prof. Masashi Kashiwagi Secretary Osaka University, JAPAN Ex Officio Members Mr. David Murdey Chairman of the Advisory Council IOT, National Research Council of Canada, CANADA Mr. Aage Damsgaard ITTC and Advisory Council Secretary FORCE Technology, DENMARK Prof. Atilla Incecik Past Chairman Universities of Glasgow and Strathclyde, UK

Advisory Council Officers Mr. David Murdey Chairman of the Advisory Council IOT, National Research Council of Canada, CANADA Dr. Naoji Toki Vice Chairman of the Advisory Council Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., JAPAN Mr. Aage Damsgaard ITTC and Advisory Council Secretary FORCE Technology, DENMARK

2


Technical Committees and Group

General Technical Committees

Resistance Committee Dr. Emilio F. Campana, INSEAN, ITALY Chairman Dr. Joseph J. Gorski, NSWC, David Taylor Model Basin, USA Secretary Dr. Sandy Day, Universities of Glasgow and Strathclyde, UK Prof. De-Bo Huang, Harbin Engineering University, CHINA Prof. Ho Hwan Chun, Pusan National University, KOREA Dr. Juha Schweighofer, Helsinki University of Technology, FINLAND (until 2006) Dr. Tommi Mikkola, Helsinki University of Technology, FINLAND (from 2006) Prof. Yusuke Tahara, Osaka Prefecture University, JAPAN Prof. Gregor MacFarlane, Australian Maritime College, AUSTRALIA Dr. Jesus Valle, CEHIPAR, SPAIN

Propulsion Committee Dr. Ki-Han Kim, Office of Naval Research, USA Chairman Dr. Stephen R. Turnock, University of Southampton, UK Secretary Prof. Wei-Xin Zhou, China Ship Scientific Research Center, CHINA Dr. Suak-Ho Van, Maritime and Ocean Engineering Research Institute, KOREA Dr. Anton Minchev, Force - Danish Maritime Institute, DENMARK Dr. Elena Ya Semionicheva, Krylov Shipbuilding Research Institute, RUSSIA Prof. Jun Ando, Kyushu University, JAPAN Prof. Emin Korkut, Istanbul Technical University, TURKEY Dr. Paolo Becchi, Centro per gli Studi di Tecnica Navale, ITALY

Manoeuvring Committee Dr.-Ing. Andrs Cura Hochbaum, HSVA GmbH, GERMANY Chairman Prof. Frederick Stern, IIHR, University of Iowa, USA Secretary Ir. F. Quadvlieg, MARIN, THE NETHERLANDS Prof. Zao Jian Zou, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, CHINA Dr. Sun Young Kim, Maritime and Ocean Engineering Research Institute, KOREA Dr. Kristian Agdrup, FORCE Technology, DENMARK Prof. Hironori Yasukawa, Hiroshima University, JAPAN Dr. Pierre Perdon, Bassin dEssais des Carnes, FRANCE Dr. Riccardo Broglia, INSEAN, ITALY

3


Seakeeping Committee Dr. Terence R. Applebee, NSWC, David Taylor Model Basin, USA Chairman Dr. Paul Crossland, QinetiQ, UK Secretary Dr. G. Hermanski, IOT, National Research Council of Canada, CANADA Prof. Yonghwan Kim, Seoul National University, KOREA Dr. Jianbo Hua, SSPA, SWEDEN (until 2007) Mr. Dariusz Fathi, Marintek, NORWAY (from 2007) Dr. Koichiro Matsumoto, Universal Shipbuilding Corporation, JAPAN Mr. Jinzhu Xia, Australian Maritime College, AUSTRALIA Dr. Gregory Grigoropoulos, National Technical University of Athens, GREECE Dr. Rumen Kishev, Bulgarian Ship Hydrodynamics Centre, BULGARIA

Ocean Engineering Committee Dr. Pierre Ferrant, cole Centrale de Nantes, FRANCE Chairman Prof. Martin J. Downie, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK Secretary Prof. Antonio Carlos Fernandes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL Ir. Jaap de Wilde, MARIN, THE NETHERLANDS Dr. Sa Young Hong, Maritime and Ocean Engineering Research Institute, KOREA Prof. Jianmin Yang, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, CHINA Dr. R. Baarholm, MARINTEK, Norway Prof. Shuji Nagata, Saga University, JAPAN Dr. Nuno Fonseca, Instituto Superior Tcnico, PORTUGAL

Specialist Technical Committees

Stability in Waves Prof. Naoya Umeda, Osaka University, JAPAN Chairman Mr. Andrew J. Peters, QinetiQ, UK Secretary Dr. Arthur Reed, NSWC, David Taylor Model Basin, USA Dr. Jan-Otto de Kat, MARIN, THE NETHERLANDS (until 2006) Dr. Ir. F. van Walree, MARIN, THE NETHERLANDS (from 2007) Prof. Sheming Fan, Marine Design and Research Institute of China, CHINA Dr. Shigesuke Ishida, National Maritime Research Institute, JAPAN Prof. Alberto Fransescutto, Universit di Trieste, ITALY Prof. Apostolos Papanikolaou, National Technical University of Athens, GREECE

Ice Dipl.-Ing. Jens-Holger Hellman, HSVA GmbH, GERMANY Chairman Dr. M. Lau, IOT, National Research Council of Canada, CANADA Mr. R. Sampson, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Prof. Q.J. Yue, Dalian University of Technology, CHINA Mr. Gran Wilkman, Aker Arctic Technology Inc., FINLAND

4


Uncertainty Analysis Dr. Joel T. Park, NSWC, David Taylor Model Basin, USA Chairman Dr. Ahmed Derradji Aouat, IOT, National Research Council of Canada, CANADA Secretary Prof. Bao Shan Wu, China Ship Scientific Research Centre, CHINA Prof. Shigeru Nishio, Kobe University, JAPAN Mr. Erwan Jacquin, Bassin dEssais des Carnes, FRANCE

Cavitation Dr. Laurence Brianon-Marjollet, Bassin dEssais des Carnes, FRANCE Chairman Dr. W. Zierke, ARL, Pennsylvania State University, USA Secretary Dr. Scott Gowing, NSWC, David Taylor Model Basin, USA Ir. H.C.J. van Wijngaarden, MARIN, THE NETHERLANDS Dipl.-Ing. Christia Johannsen, HSVA GmbH, GERMANY Dr. Bong Jun Chang, Hyundai Maritime Research Institute, KOREA Mr. Jan Hallander, SSPA, SWEDEN Prof. Takafumi Kawamura, University of Tokyo, JAPAN Dr. Mohammad Saeed Seif, Sharif University of Technology, IRAN

Azimuthing Podded Propulsion Dr. Noriyuki Sasaki, National Maritime Research Institute, JAPAN Chairman Prof. C.J. Yang, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, CHINA Secretary Prof. Mehmet Atlar, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Ir. J.H. Allema, MARIN, THE NETHERLANDS Dr. Se-Eun Kim, Samsung Heavy Industries Co., KOREA Dr. Antonio Sanchez-Caja, VTT Industrial Systems, FINLAND Dr. V. Borusevich, Krylov Shipbuilding Research Institute, RUSSIA Dr. Francesco Salvatore, INSEAN, ITALY

Powering Performance Prediction Prof. Sverre Steen, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NORWAY Chairman Dr. M.J. Bobo de la Pena, CEHIPAR, SPAIN Secretary Prof. Wei Qui, Memorial University of Newfoundland, CANADA Mr. Gabor Karafiath, NSWC, David Taylor Model Basin, USA Dipl.-Ing. Richard Anzbck, Schiffbautechnische Versuchsanstalt in Wien, AUSTRIA Prof. Dexiang Zhu, China Ship Scientific Research Centre, CHINA Dr. Jinho Jang, Samsung Heavy Industries, KOREA Dr. Naoji Toki, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., JAPAN Prof. Mustafa nsel, Istanbul Technical University, TURKEY

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Vortex Induced Vibrations Mr. Halvor Lie, MARINTEK, NORWAY Chairman Dr. Don Spencer, Oceanic Consulting Corporation, CANADA Dr. S. Huang, Universities of Glasgow & Strathclyde, UK Prof. Jung-Chun Suh, Seoul National University, KOREA Prof. Xiong-Liang Yao, Harbin Engineering University, CHINA Prof. Chang-Kyu Rheem, University of Tokyo, JAPAN Dr. Elena Ciappi, INSEAN, ITALY

Wake-Fields Dr. Jin Kim, Maritime and Ocean Engineering Research Institute, KOREA Chairman Dr. T. Fu, NSWC, David Taylor Model Basin, USA Dr. Tomasz Bugalski, Ship Design and Research Centre, POLAND Dr. M. Hinatsu, National Maritime Research Institute, JAPAN Dr. Fabio Di Felice, INSEAN, ITALY

Group

Quality Systems Group Prof. Gerhard Strasser, Schiffbautechnische Versuchsanstalt in Wien, AUSTRIA Chairman Dipl.-Ing. Barbara Gnther, Schiffbau Versuchsanstalt Potsdam GmbH, GERMANY Dr. C.J. Lee, Maritime and Ocean Engineering Research Institute, KOREA Mr. Akio Ito, Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries, JAPAN Prof. Marco Ferrando, Universit di Genova, ITALY


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The Advisory Council

Report to the 25th ITTC

1. MEMBERSHIP AND MEETINGS The Membership of the 25th ITTC Advisory Council consisted of 31 organisations. Seoul National University and Akishima Laboratories (Mitsui Zosen) Inc. resigned from the council in 2005. Mr. D. Murdey was elected as the Chairman and Dr. N. Toki as the Vice-Chairman. Mr. Aage Damsgaard was appointed as the Secretary. The Advisory Council held three meetings since the last Conference. The first meeting was held in Rome, Italy 1819 September 2006, the second in Fukuoka, Japan 20-21 September 2007, and the third meeting in Copenhagen, Denmark, 26-28 March 2008.

2. ACTIVITIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ADVISORY COUNCIL

2.1 Review of the Work of the Technical Committees and Groups

The technical committees and groups provided progress reports for the meetings of the Advisory Council in September 2006 and September 2007. The reports contained information on the progress of each committees work, attendance at meetings, and any other matters requiring the attention of the Council. The reports were reviewed at the meetings of the Council and the progress of the work was carefully monitored and the

committee chairmen were informed of the councils comments.

2.2 Advisory Council Working Groups

To maintain the effectiveness of its technical work, the Council continued to make use of the four Working Groups set up before the 24th Conference. The Working Groups have two main responsibilities, to develop proposals for terms of reference for the future technical committees and to review and assess the procedures proposed by the technical committees. Each Working Group was concerned with the areas covered by approximately three technical committees. To provide a contact between the new technical committees and the Council, the Working Groups will remain in place after the next Conference, with the appropriate division of committees among them. This should expedite answering any questions the new technical committees may have concerning their terms of reference.

2.3 ITTC Recommended Procedures

The technical committees proposed 41 new or revised procedures.

The Council reviewed the procedures based on criteria for publication which had been revised at its meeting in Rome. The result of the review was that 22 procedures were accepted for publication without revision and 18 for publication after minor revisions had

8

The Advisory Council

been made. One procedure was published including a comment by the Council. All the procedures were passed to the Quality Systems Group who ensured they were in line with ITTC requirements for completeness, structure, symbols and format. The Quality Systems Group also managed the publication of the procedures in the Manual of ITTC Recommended Procedures and Guidelines.

2.4 Technical Committees for the 26th ITTC

At the meeting in March 2008, the Council reviewed the drafts of the Technical Conclusions, Recommendations to the Conference, and Recommendation for Future Work provided by each technical committee and group as well as proposals submitted by ITTC members at large. Based on this information and its assessment of the needs of the ITTC, the Council drafted a proposal for the tasks and structure of the 26th ITTC Technical Committees and Group, See Appendix 1. The following Committees are proposed: General Committees Resistance Propulsion Manoeuvring Seakeeping Ocean Engineering Specialist Committees CFD in Ship Hydrodynamics Detailed Flow Measurements High-speed craft Scaling of Wake Field Stability in Waves Surface Treatment Uncertainty Analysis Vortex Induced Vibrations

Terms of reference were also proposed for the Quality Systems Group.

2.5 ITTC Web Site

The permanent ITTC website was established at http://ittc.sname.org .

The ITTC site is the primary source of information on the ITTC and includes the link to the detailed information on the 25th Conference

The Proceedings of all ITTC conferences (except the 2nd, which although not specifically named is included in the proceedings of the Institution of Naval Architects for 1934), have been uploaded to the website. In addition, the hard copy Catalogue of Facilities has been scanned and put on the website. An update of the Catalogue has been initiated.

2.6 Rules of ITTC

The Advisory Council reviewed drafts of the proposed new Rules for the ITTC that had been written by a working group of the Executive Committee. As a result of these reviews, several changes were suggested and included in subsequent drafts.

2.7 Continuity of organization of the ITTC

The Advisory Council was concerned that much of the knowledge and expertise concerning the organisation and operation of the ITTC would be lost as members of the ITTC community retired. To address this the Council drafted a procedure General Guidelines for the Activities of Technical Committees, Liaison with Executive Committee and Advisory Council. This

9


procedure includes an outline timetable for all the major activities carried out during the three- year period between Conferences.

3. OFFICERS FOR THE 26TH ITTC ADVISORY COUNCIL

Prof. Gerhard Strasser was appointed as the Chairman for the 26th ITTC Advisory Council. Dr. S.W. Hong was appointed Vice Chairman.


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The Executive Committee

Report to the 25th ITTC

1. INTRODUCTION

The 25th ITTC Executive Committee has acted according to the Rules of the Organiza-tion as defined and published in the Proceed-ings of the 24th ITTC. The Executive Commit-tee has mostly approved and implemented those policies recommended by the Advisory Council and also implemented the decisions of the 24th ITTC Conference held in Edinburgh in 2005.

In all cases, the meetings of the Executive Committee have been arranged to coincide at the same venue as the meetings of the Advisory Council.

The Executive Committee consists of seven full-voting members, six of which are the Rep-resentatives of the six Geographical Areas, to-gether with the Chairman of the Executive Committee, who is selected by the previous Conference of the ITTC.

The following are non-voting ex-officio Members of the Executive Committee, the Past Chairman of the Executive Committee, and the Chairman and Secretary of the Advisory Coun-cil.

The Secretary of the Executive Committee, who is elected by the Executive Committee, is also an ex-officio non-voting Member of the Executive Committee.

2. OBITUARIES Makoto Ohkusu

Professor Makoto Ohkusu of Kyushu Uni-versity, Japan, passed away of cancer at pan-creas on May 12, 2006, aged 68. He was a member of the 18th ITTC seakeeping commit-tee (1984-1987), and the chairman of the 19th ITTC seakeeping committee (1987-1990).

The late Professor Ohkusu started his scien-tific career working on the steady wave-making resistance of a ship, as a student of Professor Emeritus Takao Inui at the University of Tokyo. The first work which made him internationally famous was on the hydrodynamic interactions among multiple floating bodies. This work has drawn much attention from engineers and sci-entists, and greatly contributed to the develop-ment of muti-hull ships and ocean platforms. Another outstanding contribution by him in ship hydrodynamics is the development of the unsteady wave-pattern analysis method. This provided a new technique for studying the hy-drodynamic forces on and motions of a ship running at forward speed in waves, and shed new light on the study of added resistance and resulting speed loss. He also published many other noteworthy papers, concerning such top-ics as the nonlinear behaviour of a long cable, a new evaluation method for the oscillating and translating Green function, and its application to the boundary-value problem for the flow around ships. In his last years before retirement from Kyushu University, he also worked on hydroelastic problems connected with very

12


large floating structures to be used as floating airports.

His academic achievements are highly rated, for which he received many awards, such as the best paper award in 1987 and the award of good textbook publication in 1997 both from the Society of Naval Architects of Japan (SNAJ), and also Yoshiki Award for long-term contributions to the development of shipbuild-ing technologies in 2005. He was chosen as the Lecturer for the prestigious Weinblum Lecture for the term of 2004-2005. Choung Mook Lee

Professor Choung Mook Lee passed away on July 26, 2006 at the age of 73. He was born on November 1, 1933 in Pyungteck, Korea.

Prof. Lee served as the members of ITTC: 20th ITTC Quality Group, and 21st, 22nd and 23rd ITTC Executive Committees. Especially he made a significant contribution to the 22nd Conference held in Seoul and Shanghai in 1999 as the chairman of the Executive Committee. He attended Seoul National University and re-ceived his Bachelor of Science degree in naval architecture in 1958. He went to the Unites States of America in 1960 and received his Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical en-gineering from the University of North Dakota. Then he continued his advanced studies at the Department of Naval Architecture, University of California, Berkeley for his Masters and Ph.D degrees in 1963 and 1966, respectively. He worked as a research engineer at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center (DTNSRDC) during 1966-1982. He worked at the Korea Re-search Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineer-ing (KRISO) in Korea as the vice president on his sabbatical leave in 1978. He worked as S&T Progress Manager at Office of Naval Re-search during 1982-1986.

Prof. Lee returned to Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Korea as a professor of mechanical engineering. He

served as the vice president of POSTECH from 1986 to 1991 and also as the director of the Advanced Fluid Engineering Research Center (AFERC), Center of Excellency Program sup-ported by the Government from 1990 to 2005. He published more than 200 research papers. He supervised 18 masters and doctoral stu-dents. His research interests and contributions were significant, lasting and encompassing and covered development of a numerical scheme for the second order free surface wave prob-lems, ship motion problems related to the catamarans and SWATHs during his early ca-reer, and marine environmental problems in-cluding oil-spill recovery problems and magne-tohydrodynamics problems during his late ca-reer.

He received many awards and citations in-cluding the Outstanding Performance Awards in 1972 and 1975 from DTNSRDC and the Outstanding Performance Awards in 1983 and 1985 from ONR. He was also the American Bureau of Shipping- Captain Joseph H. Lin-nard Prize Recipients in 1975 from the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers by a paper titled Ocean Catamaran Seakeeping De-sign Based Upon the Experiences of USNS Hayes. Prof. Lee also received the Out-standing Scientific Achievement Award in 1996 and the Best Paper Award in 2004 both from the Society of Naval Architecture of Ko-rea. He received the Dongbaeg Badge of Na-tional Decoration in 1997 from the Govern-ment.

Prof. Lee served as the presidents of the Korea Society of Theoretical and Applied Me-chanics (Korean counterpart of IUTAM), the Society of Naval Architecture of Korea (SNAK) and the Korean Society for Marine Environmental Engineering including the chairman of the Korean Towing Tank Confer-ence (KTTC). He retired from the Pohang Uni-versity of Science and Technology in February 2006 and became professor Emeritus. Professor Lee is survived by his wife, Dr. Sin Ai H. Lee, and two daughters, Jean Young L. Chae and Sue Lee Collins, both living in the States.

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Hitoshi Fujii

Dr. Hitoshi Fujii passed away at the age of 78 on December 11, 2006. He entered Mitsubi-shi Heavy Industries Ltd. (MHI) after serving as a research associate at Osaka University. He served MHI as a manager of Seakeeping Re-search Laboratory from 1971 to 1974, as the Chief Research Engineer of Nagasaki Research and Development Center from 1982 to 1986. During the period, he devoted himself to the planning, construction and management of our Seakeeping and Manoeuvring Basin. He was really a boss of Seakeeping and Manoeuvring specialists in Nagasaki, even after his retire-ment.

After the retirement from MHI, he moved to Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science as a professor.

He contributed to International Towing Tank Community as members of Manoeuvra-bility Committees of the 15th ITTC (the Har-gue, 1978) and the 16th ITTC (Leningrad, 1981). Besides that, throughout his carrier in MHI, he supported the representative of Na-gasaki Experimental Tank to ITTC as the head of Seakeeping and Manoeuvring Basin.

He also joined discussions in MARINTEK, SSPA and Bulgarian Ship Hydrodynamic Cen-tre when the people there were planning their basins for the testing of Seakeeping, Manoeu-vring and Ocean Engineering. Dick van Manen

Professor Dick van Manen passed away on Friday December 8, 2006 at the age of 83. An outstanding personality, whose influence con-tinues to be visible in the current maritime re-search infrastructure. Not limited only to the Netherlands, but his traces can be found abroad as well. He maintained professional and amica-ble contacts with many of his US colleagues, which is reflected in his friendship with many

of his contemporaries at the David Taylor Model Basin and at the SNAME.

He particularly left his mark as director (1972-1986) of the Maritime Research Institute in Wageningen (MARIN) and as part-time pro-fessor of Resistance and Propulsion in the then Naval Architecture faculty of Delft University of Technology (1962-1988). After his prede-cessor (Prof. W.P.A. van Lammeren) laid the foundation for a better understanding of propel-ler propulsion through the systematic Wagen-ingen B series, still used worldwide to this day, Dick van Manen occupied himself primarily with the propulsion concept in a somewhat broader sense. He did his Ph.D study, only two years after he finished his MSc degree at MARIN, on the effect of the non-uniformity of the wakefield on the design of propellers, a subject that attracted significant attention in those days, after renowned publications by Betz and Lerbs on ideal radial loading distribu-tions.

Dick van Manen produced publications on a large number of concepts, such as the paddle wheel, the ducted propeller, vertical axis pro-pellers (also known as Voith-Schneider), con-trarotating propellers and finally his invention: the Whale Tail Wheel (a combination which links the kinematics of a whale tail to that of the wheel). Perhaps the most important lesson for his pupils was that he was continually searching for the elementary simplicity of the working principles. An illustration of this is the pump diagram, in which he plotted pump char-acteristics for a number of ship propulsors in addition to pumps. An enduring legacy is the Vacuum Tank built in Ede under his leadership. A laboratory specifically developed for vibra-tion nuisance, noise and erosion research on ships propellers.

Dick won a number of awards and honorary memberships. He became a fellow of the Royal Institution of Navigation (UK) in 1975 and be-came a honorary member fellow of the SNAME in 1976. In 1978 he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences

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and in 1984 he won the prestigeous David W. Taylor Golden Medal, awarded to him by the SNAME. In addition, he chaired the Interna-tional Towing Tank Conference for a number of years.

Alongside his infectious enthusiasm for his field of work as an ongoing source of profes-sional satisfaction, Dick van Manen was a champion of positive thinking. He was able to utilize these characteristics well in a time in which he observed the full impact of the reduc-tion in Dutch shipbuilding.

In our minds we recall a master, a figure of stature with a charming presence, searching continuously for the essence and the simplicity of hydromechanics, with undiminishing and infectious enthusiasm.

Masatoshi Bessho

Professor Masatoshi Bessho passed away on June 24, 2007 at the age of 80. He studied at the Department of Naval Architecture, the Uni-versity of Tokyo, graduated in 1950, and con-tinued advanced studies at the graduate school of the same university as a special research student. In 1955, he became a lecturer at the National Defence Academy, and he was pro-moted to an associate professor in 1957 and full professor in 1968. Until his retirement from the National Defence Academy in 1992 and even after the retirement, he had been con-tributing to the research and education, and his influence is wide-spread not only in Japan but also in the whole world.

There are many hydrodynamic relations and theories with the name of Bessho, and his dis-tinctive and incisive ideas with ample knowl-edge of mathematics are sometimes referred to as magic. A wave-less floating body and the reverse-time velocity potential are examples of those magical ideas. His academic interest was very broad, such as viscous and wave-making resistances, wave-body interactions, hydrody-namic problems on high-speed ships, hydroe-

lasticity, acoustics, seaquakes, optimization in hydrodynamic problems, to name a few.

He had been very amicable to all genera-tions of researchers, and especially younger researchers were spurred through discussions with him and just talk on various topics. Not only limited to magical theories but also he had a great knowledge of experiments and physical insight, and thus it is sure that he had influ-enced greatly the activities of the ITTC, par-ticularly in Japan.

Because of his outstanding contributions and internationally-acclaimed achievements, he received various awards, such as the best paper award and Yoshiki Award from the Society of Naval Architects of Japan. In addition, he was also chosen as the Lecturer for the prestigious Weinblum Lecture for the term of 1993-1994. Dimitar Kostov Kostov

Dr. Dimitar Kostov Kostov, Senior Re-search Scientist, Head of Ship Hydrodynamics department of the Bulgarian Ship Hydrody-namics Centre (BSHC) in Varna, passed away on 02 October 2007 at the age of 62.

Born on 26 June 1945 in Varna, Bulgaria, Dr. Kostov received his M. Sc. degree as naval architect at the Technical University, Varna, in 1969.

Dr. Kostov started his scientific career in 1973 at the Shipbuilding Institute, Varna. He received his Ph.D degree at Leningrad Ship-building Institute in 1977 for his thesis on in-vestigation and development of methods for evaluation of full ships wave making resistance.

In 1986 academic rank senior research sci-entist was conferred on Dr. Kostov in the field of ship theory. In the same year he realized successful scientific fellowship on the ship form optimization for resistance minimization at the University of Tokyo and Yokohama Na-tional University in Japan.

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Dr. Kostov was one of the first researchers with deep contributions to the formulation of the composition and the scientific research tasks of the Bulgarian Ship Hydrodynamics Center and was amongst the founders of this Institution. From the establishment of BSHC in 1977 till 2007 Dr. Kostov occupied series of scientific management posts in the field of ship design and ship performance investigation as well as the post of BSHC scientific research activities assistant director. He was an active member of BSHC Scientific Council since its foundation.

Dr. Kostov was manager of series succes-sively finished European and International in-vestigations and projects.

He was one acknowledged researcher and scientist amongst the international scientific community as well as member of the Resis-tance & Flow Committee of the 20th ITTC. Kaname Taniguchi

Dr. Kaname Taniguchi, the re-founder of Nagasaki basin of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. (MHI), passed away at the age of 94, on April 29, 2008.

Dr. Kaname Taniguchi entered MHI after graduating from the University of Tokyo in April, 1937 and started working in the model basin. At the time, the model basin of Mitsubi-shi was a copy of No.1 Tank in Hasler, which had been completed in Nagasaki shipyard in 1908. Shortly after, the planning of a new lar-ger model basin in a site separate from the shipyard was started and the construction of the present basin was completed in December, 1943. However, in less than two years, the above-ground part of the tank was completely destroyed by an Atomic bombing in August 9th, 1945. After the war, he devoted himself to the revival of the tank, and completed the revival of a part of the smaller basin in 1949 and whole facility in 1953. Then, he tried to manage the whole process of the tank tests as well as pos-

sible, from hull and propeller design, model manufacturing, equipments for the measure-ments, conducts of model tests, analyses of the measured data and power estimation of the full-scale ship. After completing the whole proce-dures of works within the model tank, he pro-ceeded to the improvement of the measurement in Sea Trial and developed the use of what we call Togino-type torsion meter and accumu-lated the full-scale trial data. His paper titled Model-Ship Correlation Method in the Mitsu-bishi Experimental Tank was published in 1963 and marked as the first paper of this kind. He served as a leader of the model tank until May 1965 and then he undertook the higher and wider responsibility in Mitsubishi. He re-tired from Mitsubishi in June 1981 after serv-ing as the vice-president of the company. After the leave from the tank and even after the re-tirement from Mitsubishi, he continued to be a backbone of Nagasaki Basin.

He attended International Towing Tank Conference for the first time at 7th ITTC (1954, Scandinavia). In 1958, he joined the Commit-tee of Scale Effects on Propellers and on Pro-pulsion Factors of 9th ITTC (1960, Raris) in response to the request by the chairman, Dr. H. Edstrand. He continued the contribution to ITTC as a member of Propulsion Committee in 10th ITTC (1963, Teddington), a member of Performance Committees in 11th ITTC (1966, Tokyo) and 12th ITTC (1969, Rome). Then, he served as a member of Executive Committee in 13th ITTC (1972, Berlin Hamburg) and 14th ITTC (1975, Ottawa) representing Japan, Ko-rea and China. However, shortly after the start of the 14th term, he got an ill and handed over the Executive Committee membership to Prof. Seizo Motora. He also served as a primary member of the Local Organizing Committees of 11th ITTC and 18th ITTC (1987, Kobe). Tatsuro Hanaoka

Dr. Tetsuro Hanaoka, former Professor of Kagoshima University and former Director of the Ship Dynamics Division of Ship Research

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Institute, Ministry of Transport, Japan, passed away on April 28, 2008, at the age of 92.

Dr. Tetsuro Hanaoka graduated from Yo-kohama Technical High School, the predeces-sor of Yokohama National University, in 1940. After getting through the wartime and postwar shambles, he studied as a special research stu-dent at Nagoya University and started his sci-entific career in 1947 at the Railway Technical Laboratory, the predecessor of Transportation Technical Research Institute and subsequent Ship Research Institute (present National Mari-time Research Institute, Japan). After his re-tirement from Ship Research Institute in 1979, he moved to Kagoshima University as a pro-fessor in the Faculty of Engineering.

His name is engraved on the well-known Haskind-Hanaoka-Newmans relation. That is one of the most important theorems in ship hydrodynamics representing a reciprocity theo-rem on the wave-exciting force and the radia-tion wave of a ship with forward speed. As shown in this instance, his outstanding contri-butions to ship hydrodynamics are firstly in the theory of unsteady wave resistance and ship dynamics in waves. We are reminded of a fact that the unsteady wave field around a ship ad-vancing in waves is governed by a parameter =V/g known as Hanaokas parameter. An-other outstanding contribution in naval hydro-dynamics is the theoretical development of un-steady propeller lifting-surface theory. He solved unsteady flow problems around a pro-peller by utilizing the acceleration potential as a magic stick and established an elegant treat-ment for the singularity in the complicated ker-nel function appearing in an integral equation. The computational results based on his theory contributed to the comparative study on the propeller shaft force conducted at the 14th ITTC Propeller Committee and demonstrated one of the best correlations with measurements. He also developed a beautiful and fully analyti-cal cavity flow theory on two-dimensional hy-drofoils of arbitrary shape. Computed results on three-dimensional hydrofoils by an ex-tended method based on his cavity flow theory

also contributed to the 14th ITTC Cavitation Committee. Most of his noteworthy achieve-ments have been continuously enlightening us.

3. COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP

The Membership of the Executive Commit-tee was formalized at the 24th ITTC Confer-ence in Edinburgh.

Chairman: Prof. Takeshi Kinoshita (Japan)

Area Representatives: Dr. In-Young Koh (Americas) Dr. Harri Soininen (Northern Europe) Mr. Arne Hubregtse (Central Europe) Dr. Ulderico Bulgarelli (Southern Europe) Dr. Seung-il Yang (East Asia) Prof. Yasuyuki Toda (Pacific Islands)

Secretary: Prof. Masashi Kashiwagi (Japan)

In addition, there were the following ex-officio members: Prof. Attila Incecik

(Past Chairman of Executive Committee) Mr. David Murdey

(Chairman of Advisory Council) Mr. Aage Damsgaard

(Secretary of Advisory Council)

4. COMMITTEE MEETINGS

The 25th ITTC Executive Committee (EC) held four meetings between September 2005 and March 2008. Further meetings will take place during the next Conference in Fukuoka, Japan in September 2008.

A preliminary meeting was held in Edin-burgh on 10th September 2005, on the last day of the 24th ITTC Conference. New Members of the Executive Committee were introduced to each other by the new EC Chairman. He then appointed Prof. Masashi Kashiwagi to be the new Secretary of the Executive Committee, who was accepted by the Committee. It was

17


agreed that the first task of the Secretary would be to contact the new Chairmen of the various Technical Committees, to ensure that they un-derstood their duties and that they would fol-low the Recommendations of the Conference.

The first full meeting took place in Rome, Italy, on 19th September 2006. The Executive Committee (EC) discussed the revision of ITTC Rules and confirmed that the Advisory Council (AC) Chairman would write a draft of further revision by taking account of comments from the EC and AC members. Some issues on the relationship between the ITTC and the IMO (International Maritime Organization) were discussed and agreed that independence of the ITTC must be guaranteed, representation of the ITTC towards IMO would be done by the ITTC Secretary, and expert work requested by IMO should be performed by relevant Techni-cal Committee members. It was also agreed that the EC should make efforts to save money in dispatching the ITTC representatives to IMO meetings and should discuss and decide to what extent of IMO activities the ITTC be in-volved. Change of the Northern Europe Repre-sentative on the Resistance Committee was ap-proved. The EC Chairman announced the date and venue of the 25th ITTC Conference and explained the state of arrangement and prepara-tion. The EC also discussed on the venue for the 26th ITTC Conference but could not decide. Some discussions were made on the relation and common work between ITTC and ISSC (such as Loads, Ocean Waves) and on the ITTC Guidelines.

The second meeting took place in Fukuoka, Japan, on the 21st September 2007. As a con-tinuation from the last meeting, the revision of ITTC Rules was discussed, and a more refined version would be submitted at the next EC and AC meetings. Regarding IMO related issues, the EC confirmed approval of the financial support from the ITTC for Dr. Frans van Wal-ree (a member of the Specialist Committee on Stability in Waves) to attend the IMO SLF-50 meeting as a representative of the ITTC. Since a formal application for the AC membership

was submitted from COPPE in Brazil, the EC discussed for its qualification and confirmed to require submission of additional documents through the Americas Representative. A num-ber of changes in the Committee members at some Technical Committees (The Northern Europe Representative on the Seakeeping Committee, the Central Europe Representative on the Specialist Committee on Stability in Waves) were approved by the Executive Committee. The EC Chairman proposed the registration fee of 120,000 Japanese Yen (JPY) for an ordinary participant and 20,000 JPN for an accompanying person, which was approved by all EC members. Some schedules for the 25th ITTC were agreed, such as preparation of a list of expected participants, topics for the Group Discussions, final reports from Techni-cal Committees, and so on. Regarding the venue for the 26th ITTC Conference, no prominent progress had been reported from the last meeting and thus no decision was made on this issue. The EC Chairman explained the status of the income and expenditure for the 25th ITTC Secretariat and Proceedings, and presented an estimation of 6,000 USD for the cost of the Proceedings, to which there was no objection from the EC members.

The third meeting took place in Lyngby, Denmark, on 27th and 28th March 2008. As a progress from the last meeting, the EC Chair-man reported that the application from COPPE in Brazil to become an AC member was with-drawn. The revision of ITTC Rules was almost completed and after taking account of further comments, if any, the revised ITTC Rules would be submitted for adoption by the ITTC Conference in September 2008. The EC ap-proved the application from the Australian Maritime College (AMC) to become an AC member. The application for the membership of the ITTC submitted from Jiangsu University of Science and Technology (JUST) was checked and the EC confirmed eligibility of JUST and approved the application. Regarding the venue for the 26th ITTC Conference, no conclusion was attained despite some discus-sions, and it was agreed that the final decision

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would be made at the EC meeting scheduled on the first day of the 25th ITTC Conference in Fukuoka. The EC approved that the following three themes would be coordinated for the Group Discussions during the 25th ITTC Con-ference in Fukuoka: Impact of CFD on ship hydrodynamics Image-based measurements around ship

hulls Global warming and impact on ITTC ac-

tivities

It was agreed also to organize a short discus-sion session just after the technical report of the ICE Committee with chair by Dr. Harri Soin-inen. Discussions were made on the timetable for the final reports from Technical Commit-tees, evaluation of activities of the Committee Members, nomination of new Committee Members, and decision of the chairmen of Technical Sessions for the 25th ITTC Confer-ence. Some information was exchanged on the next Area Representatives, and finally it was confirmed that the next EC meeting would take place during the 25th ITTC Conference in Fu-kuoka, Japan.

5. COMMITTEE DECISIONS

5.1 Rules of the Organization

The rules of the Organization are repro-duced in Appendix 5 of the present Proceed-ings.

5.2 New Committee Structure

A new Committee Structure, created by the Advisory Council, was agreed and endorsed by the Executive Committee. It will be effective for the 26th ITTC Technical Committees and Groups, following the final decision and agreement of the ITTC Conference in Septem-ber 2008.

5.3 New ITTC Member Organizations

During the three years of the 25th ITTC, there was only one new Organization accepted for Membership within the ITTC: Jiangsu University of Science and Technol-

ogy (JUST), China

5.4 Review of Advisory Council Membership

According to the Rules of the Organization, half of the Member Organizations were chosen during the 24th ITTC, for review and reconfir-mation of their membership of the ITTC Advi-sory Council. During this 25th ITTC, the re-maining half Members have been circulated with the standard questionnaire and it is ex-pected that all will be confirmed by the Execu-tive Committee in September 2008.

During the 25th ITTC an application from the Australian Maritime College (AMC) for Membership of the Advisory Council was con-sidered and accepted by the Executive Com-mittee.

5.5 Changes in Technical Committee Membership

The following changes in Membership of the Technical Committees were approved by the Executive Committee.

Resistance Committee Dr. Tommi Mikkola of Helsinki University

of Technology, Finland replaced Dr. Juha Schweighofer of Helsinki University of Technology, Finland.

Manoeuvring Committee The affiliation of the Chairman, Dr. Andres

Cura Hochbaum, was changed from Pots-dam Model Basin to Hamburg Ship Model Basin (HSVA).

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Seakeeping Committee Mr. Darius Fathi of MARINTEK, Norway

replaced Dr. Jianbo Hua of SSPA, Sweden.

Stability in Waves Dr. Frans van Walree of MARIN, the Neth-

erlands replaced Dr. Jan O de Kat who left MARIN.

5.6 ITTC Website

The Executive Committee decided to con-tinue two websites as in the 24th ITTC.

One permanent and official website will provide all the general information of the ITTC, the rules, and a list of the Member Organiza-tions. It will also contain a list of the ITTC Technical Committees, their Members and the tasks they have been allocated by the Confer-ence. It will also possible to download most of the ITTC documents, such as ITTC news, the Symbols and Terminology List, the Recom-mended Procedures and past Conference Pro-ceedings. This website is controlled by the ITTC Secretary and is hosted by SNAME as the main archive of the ITTC, at the following address, http://ittc.sname.org.

The other website, which is linked from the official website described above, will be con-cerned with the 25th ITTC and will be con-trolled by the Executive Committee Secretary, as the organizers of the ITTC Conference. It will contain information on the Conference, such as registration and hotel information, the Conference timetable and social programme.

Also included will be helpful details regarding the Conference venue and travel details. Finally, PDF files of the Conference Proceedings are made available to Members on this website, in advance of the forthcoming Conference. This website address is: http://riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp/ship/ittc/

5.7 Organization of 25th ITTC

The 25th ITTC will be held in Fukuoka, Ja-pan, hosted by the Japan Society of Naval Ar-chitects and Ocean Engineers (JASNAOE) and organized by the organizing committee in Ja-pan, the Chairman of which is Professor Emeri-tus Katsuro Kijima of Kyushu University. The main venue of the Conference will be the 5th floor of Fukuoka International Congress Center, which is situated near Hakata Port close to the center of Fukuoka City.

5.8 Organization of 26th ITTC

A proposal was received for hosting the 26th ITTC from the Americas Area, which was presented by the Americas Representative, Dr. In-Young Koh, to hold the 26th ITTC in Brazil in 2011. The proposal has been discussed by the Executive Committee since the second meeting. Because of some concerns among some Executive Committee Members, no de-finitive conclusion was attained at the meetings of the Executive Committee. The final decision will be made on the Executive Committee meeting scheduled on the first day of the 25th ITTC Conference in September 2008.


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The Resistance Committee

Final Report and Recommendations to the 25th ITTC 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Membership Chairman: Dr. Emilio F. Campana Istituto Nazionale per Studi ed Esperienze di Architettura Navale (INSEAN), ITALY Secretary: Dr. Joseph Gorski Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Members: Dr. Ho-Hwan Chun Pusan National University, KOREA Dr. A. H. (Sandy) Day Universities of Glasgow and Strathclyde, Scotland, UNITED KINGDOM Dr. De-Bo Huang Harbin Engineering University, CHINA Mr. Gregor Macfarlane Australian Maritime College, AUSTRALIA Dr. Tommi Mikkola Helsinki University of Technology, FINLAND Dr. Yusuke Tahara Osaka Prefecture University, JAPAN Dr. Jess Valle Canal de Experiencias Hidrodinamicas de El Pardo (CEHIPAR), SPAIN

1.2 Meetings The committee met 4 times: 6-7 February 2006, Launceston, Australia 16-17 September 2006, Rome, Italy 3-4 May 2007, Valencia, Spain 11-12 December 2007, Bethesda, United States

1.3 Tasks

Below we list the tasks carried out by the 25th resistance committee (RC), based on the recommendations given by the 24th ITTC. 1. Update the state-of-the-art for predicting

the resistance of different ship concepts, hull design methods and hull optimization emphasising developments since the 2005 ITTC Conference.

a) Comment on the potential impact of

new developments on the ITTC. b) Emphasise new experimental

techniques and extrapolation methods and the practical applications of computational methods to resistance prediction and scaling.

c) Identify the need for R&D for improving methods of model experiments, numerical modelling and full-scale measurements.

2. Review ITTC recommended procedures

7.5-01-01-01 and 7.5-02-02-01 to 7.5-02-02-06.

a) Determine if any changes are needed in

the light of current practice.

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b) Identify the requirements for new procedures.

c) Support the Specialist Committee on Uncertainty Analysis in reviewing the procedures handling uncertainty analysis.

3. Critically review examples of validation of

prediction techniques. Identify and specify requirements for new benchmark data.

4. Complete the ITTC worldwide comparative

tests for establishing benchmark data to identify the facilities biases.

5. Identify developments in computational

and experimental methods for prediction of far field waves and wash.

6. Review experimental and computational

methods to describe the airflow around the superstructure of vessels.

2. RESISTANCE COMMITTEE QUESTIONNAIRE

The RC was charged with updating the procedures for model manufacture (7.5-01-01-01) and for resistance tests (7.5-02-02-01). In some cases, improvements could be made in wording and notation; however some areas appear to offer the potential for technical improvements.

In order to inform others of the process of updating the procedures the RC prepared a questionnaire on issues considered by the RC to offer potential for improvement. This addressed three areas: Turbulence Stimulation, and Scaling; Speed Measurement, and Model Installation. The questionnaire was circulated by e-mail to all ITTC facilities. 25 facilities replied to the questionnaire; 11 from Europe, 11 from Asia and Australia and 3 from the Americas. Not all facilities answered all questions. The RC believes that the results will be of interest to ITTC members, and they are presented here in anonymous form.

2.1 Turbulence Stimulation and Scaling

It was considered that the methods described in 7.5-01-01-01 may not reflect current practice. Members were asked which method(s) of turbulence stimulation they used, whether they were aware of the ITTC recommendations and when / whether they were adopted. Members were then asked to comment on situations in which ITTC recommendations were not adopted, and how the procedures might be improved. The final question in the first part related to the choice(s) of friction line for scaling.

Methods adopted are shown in Figure 2.1. Some facilities indicated that different approaches were used for different vessel types, and in some cases for different model materials. In particular several members commented on the need to adopt different techniques for vessels with large dynamic trim, and on appendages.

0 5 10 15 20 25

Studs

Trip Wire

Sand Strips

Hama Triangles

Other

Figure 2.1 Turbulence stimulation method.

Results for compliance with ITTC procedure are shown in Figure 2.2. One reason given by some members for not adopting ITTC procedures was a reluctance to change their established practices without evidence of clear benefits in model-ship correlations. Additionally some members pointed out that clients sometimes specify the turbulence stimulation approach.

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0 5 10 15

Unaware of ITTC procedure

Aware, but never adopt

Aware and sometimes adopt

Aware and normally adopt

Figure 2.2 ITTC recommendations for turbulence stimulation method.

One issue raised by several members was the turbulence stimulation on bulbous bows, where current guidance was not considered satisfactory. An informal discussion with some of the members involved indicated that stimulation procedures for bulbous bows vary significantly between facilities. However, in order to propose improved procedures it is felt that both a detailed study of the phenomena involved, and a validation via model-ship correlation would be required. As a result no proposals have been made for modification of this procedure at this stage. Several members indicated that procedures were inappropriate for yachts.

0 5 10 15 20

ITTC 1957

Schoenherr

Other

Figure 2.3 Friction line.

The results for the fiction line are shown in Figure 2.3. Here there was a very clear (and expected) result; the Japanese members generally use the Schoenherr line, whilst all

others generally use the ITTC 1957 line; one member reported using the Prandtl-Schlichting approach in some cases.

2.2 Speed Measurement

The second part of the questionnaire related to the measurement of speed. It was felt that the existing procedure offered relatively little discussion of appropriate techniques for measuring speed given the importance of this measurement. Members were asked about the primary measurement system, the benchmark system used for calibration, the frequency of calibration and the accuracy of speed measurement.

Results showing primary and secondary measurement systems are given in Figures 2.4-2.5. It can be seen that a trailing wheel with an encoder or similar is the most popular primary method, though several members reported measuring speed directly from the carriage drive. Optical/proximity sensors are the most widely used secondary approach, whilst some facilities have custom-developed devices for speed calibration.

0 5 10 15 20

Trailing wheel &encoder

Carriage drive

Optical/ProximitySensors

Pitot Tube

Other

Figure 2.4 Primary speed measurement.

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0 5 10 15

Trailing wheel &encoder

Carriage drive

Optical/ProximitySensors

Pitot Tube

Other

none

Figure 2.5 Secondary speed measurement. Practice with regard to the frequency of calibration varied widely, between daily calibration and calibration over periods of several years. Whilst the reasons for this variation were not discussed, it may be dependant on the nature of the primary and secondary systems adopted. However the majority of replies indicated speed calibration once or twice per year.

All facilities reported that their speed measurement met the current standard (i.e. 0.1% of the maximum speed), and almost half of the members reported a considerably better accuracy (see Figure 2.6).

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

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correct the trim of the vessel. Results are shown in Figure 2.8.

0 5 10 15

not aproblem

no trimcorrection

sometimescorrect trim

normallycorrect trim

other

Figure 2.8 Trim correction approach.

Some members indicated that trim corrections were applied when vessels resistance were sensitive to trim and could adopt large dynamic trim, but not for conventional displacement vessels. A related question was asked with relation to practice adopted when vessels were not transversely stable. Results are shown in Figure 2.9.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

not a problem

restrain via towing connection

restrain via trim/yaw guides

other

Figure 2.9 Transverse instability approach.

0 5 10 15

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pressures are 400kPa, 4kPa. The cavitation number range is from 0.07 to 5.5.

Equipment and instrumentation includes propeller dynamometers, 6 component balances, water-jet test circuit, laser diagnostics, nuclei and incondensable gas injection and separation, working section boundary layer thickness control. The tunnel is designed for propellers or models of diameters from 150mm to 300mm.

The principal tests expected to be performed will be:

1) conventional cavitation testing. 2) cavitation nucleation and diffusion

phenomena. 3) laser diagnostics.

CEHIPAR. CEHIPAR have installed a numerically-controlled five-axis milling machine with capacity to produce models and any other kind of work-pieces up to 10950 mm long, 2500 mm wide and 1200 mm high. The rotational speed can vary from 1000 to 20000 rpm. The total power is 12 kW. The machine can work with a range of materials including aluminium, bronze, wood, paraffin wax, PVC, polystyrenes, polyurethanes and other compounds.

Universities of Glasgow and Strathclyde. The Universities of Glasgow and Strathclyde have installed a new wavemaker in the Acre Rd Hydrodynamics Laboratory. The four-paddle absorbing wavemaker can move vertically in order to allow for different water depths. The wavemaker can generate periodic waves over frequencies from around 0.2Hz to 2 Hz. Periodic waves over 600mm in height can be generated; single breaking waves can be generated up to around 1000mm in height. The facility is designed for examination of highly non-linear unsteady phenomena such as survivability and capsize in extreme seas.

3. TRENDS IN EXPERIMENTAL FLUID DYNAMICS

3.1 Introduction

This chapter reviews the recent research towards understanding physical meaning in hydrodynamics and applying new techniques in the area of experimental fluid dynamics (EFD). The trends in EFD related to the field of naval architecture is summarized into five parts: 1) new and advanced techniques in hydrodynamic experiments, 2) wake and pressure, 3) wave breaking and wave profile measurements, 4) full scale tests, and 5) drag reduction.

3.2 New and Advanced Techniques in Hydrodynamic Experiments

There have been remarkable developments in the hydrodynamic experiments and measurement techniques used in: a towing tank, a water tunnel, a water channel, a wind tunnel, and a wave tank. EFD progress has been closely related with the notable improvements of optical techniques such as: Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV), Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV), and Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF), among others, and the ever-increasing computer power. The advanced techniques for hydrodynamic experiments are introduced and the recent research using these techniques is summarized.

Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). PIV is an optical technique used to measure velocities and related properties in fluids. The fluid is seeded with particles which are generally assumed to faithfully follow the flow dynamics. The velocity field having 2 or 3 components is computed from the correlation between successive particle images using statistical methods.

The PIV technique is one of the most popular optical techniques to measure the

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velocity field. Because it requires a relatively large space for CCD cameras, illuminating laser, computers, and other gear, its practical application has been limited in the naval hydrodynamic area. Recently, the PIV technique has been utilized to obtain the velocity field near a model ship in a towing tank overcoming this space limitation. Atsavapranee et al. (2004) measured the pressure, forces, and moments acting on a 5.27m submarine model, ONR Body-1 (bare hull, bare hull with sail and fully appended) and obtained the flow field including the vortical flow and flow separation near the model using PIV. Chen and Chang (2006) developed a flow velocity measurement system to observe velocity fields near ship models using a moving PIV system. These researchers discussed technical issues related to the application of PIV in towing tanks and suggested possible solutions for the problems caused in the moving PIV system. To remove the reflection of the laser light from cavitation, Foeth et al. (2006) utilized PIV measurement to investigate the cavitation developed on a hydrofoil surface with fluorescent tracer particles. Ryu et al. (2005) modified a PIV technique to obtain the flow field of the highly aerated area generated by wave breaking and greenwater since the highly aerated bubbly flow caused traditional PIV techniques to fail due to the uncontrollable scattering of the laser light. This modified PIV method, called bubble image velocimetry (BIV), was introduced by directly using bubbles as the tracer and measuring the bubble velocity by correlating the texture of the bubble images.

Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV). PTV is also an optical technique to measure the fluid velocity including 2 or 3 components. While the PIV measurement computes one velocity vector from several particles in the interrogation area, PTV determines the velocity of each individual particle within the optical image.

Hoyer et al. (2005) presented an experimental setup and data processing

schemes for 3-D scanning PTV, which expands on the classical 3-D PTV through changes in the laser illumination and image acquisition and analysis. This technique allows for obtaining Lagrangian flow information directly from measured 3-D trajectories of individual particles. Lee et al. (2005) applied the adaptive hybrid two-frame PTV technique to measure the flow characteristics of a turbulent wake behind a marine propeller with five blades and compared the results to those obtained with PIV. This technique can be extended to investigate the nominal and effective wake distribution as well as the details of the flow field fore and aft of a rotating propeller behind a ship model.

Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF). The LIF technique is a spectroscopic method used for studying structure of molecules, detection of selective species, and flow visualizations and measurements. The species in the fluid to be examined is excited with the help of a laser. The wavelength selected for the species and the fluorescence light is obtained by a camera with an optical bandwidth filter. This optical technique is often used to investigate the concentration and molecular behaviour in a fluid in combination with PIV or PTV.

Troy and Koseff (2005) presented the application of LIF for the generation and quantitative visualization of breaking progressive internal waves. LIF techniques can help in understanding the nature

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