Proceedings of the

Iron & Steel Technology Conference

Volume II

4-7 May 2015

Cleveland, Ohio

U.S.A.

ASSOCIATION FORIRON & STEEL

MMIUi'H'tfMM

Ronald E. Ashburn, Publisher

Karen D. Hickey, Managing Editor

Christopher P. Brown, Lead Graphic Designer

Krista J. McGhee, Graphic Designer

A Publication ofthe Association for Iron & Steel Technology

TABLE OF CONTENTS

AISTech 2015 - Volume II

Author Index Al

Howe Memorial Lecture

Role ofan Engineering Consultancy in the Transformation of a Technology Idea to a WorkingProcess Plant 1603

Yakov Gordon

SAFETY & HEALTH

Safety & Health

Qualified People— It Is a Safety Thing 1621

Joe Rachford

Case Studies of 23 Workplace Accidents and Their Causes 1627

David N. Kobernuss

Don B. Daily Grant Awardees

Ergonomic Interventions for Steel Manufacturing Workers 1644

Xiaopeng Ning, Boyi Hu, Ibrahim Almuhaidib, Faisal Alessa

Near Miss Reporting to Enhance Safety in the Steel Industry 1651

Ibukun Awolusi, Eric Marks

Interactive Incident Visualization for Steel Industry Safety Training 1659

John Moreland, Joanne E. Zaraliakos, William Campbell, Shoji Nakayama, Jingsong Zhang, Neftali Arteaga, Chenn Q. Zhou

Differences in Surface Lead Concentrations in a Steel Mill 1667

Justin Hoover, Joseph Steensma

Safety Innovations

Reducing Fire Hazards in Hot Strip Mills with Fire-Resistant Greases 1675

Joel Garrett, Brian Kusak, Matt Bailey

How Do We Know If Our Steel Plant Is Safe Enough? 1680

Luis Edgardo Llanes Arenas

ENVIRONMENTAL

Air Treatment Innovations

Innovative Gas Cleaning Solutions and Utilization of BOF Gases: Operational Results and Benefits 1691

Christian Frohling, Thilo Wiibbels, Matthias Meyn, Jorg Thomasberger, Phong Bui

Environmental Improvement for Steelmaking Plant at Funabashi Works 1701

Takashi Tachibana, Kenji Miyagawa, Yoshihiro Otagaki, Katsuyuki Isogami

Blast Furnace Cyclone Development at Primetals Technologies 1710

Stewart J. Hollins, David Mason

20 Economical Ways to Improve the Performance of a Baghouse Dust Collector 1719

Mike Allen

Water Systems & Treatment Optimization

Modern Wastewater Treatment in Cokemaking Plants—A New Way for Water Recycling! 1734

Kerstin Stenzel, Holger Thielert

Water Quality Improvement of Cooling Water for Heating Furnace 1744

Toshihiko Hamamoto, Yoshiyuki Udoh, Seikichi Higo

Case History for Upgrade of the Biological Wastewater Treatment System at a Coke Plant in China 1752

Sam E. Shelby Jr., Ryan Kirkland

Energy Efficiency & Management of Wastes

Optimizing Your Mechanical Draft Fans for Energy Efficiency 1758

Allen L. Ray, Rob Irwin, Ram Reddi

EAF ID Fan Energy Efficiency Upgrade Retrofit Process 1770

Dan Banyay

Studies on Multi-Gravity Separator for Iron Enrichment and Zinc Rejection From the BOF Sludge 1774

Udaya Bhaskar Kodukula, Marcelo Andrade, Daniel Amariei

Management of Wastes

Recovery of Gallium From Secondary Vanadium-Depleted Ferrous Slag by Alkali Fusion 1785

Lei Gao, Guifang Zhang, Yindong Yang, Zhe Shi, Alexander McLean, Kinnor Chattopadhyay

Full Recovery of Steelmaking Waste Streams in a Dedicated Plasma Reactor 1795

Antonello Di Donato, Loredana Di Sante, Enrico Malfa, Fabio Praolini, Silvia Tosato

Selective Hydrometallurgical Extraction of Zn/Pb From Blast Furnace Sludge 1803

Ludivine Piezanowski, Samuel Raynal, Jasmin Hugentobler, Michel Houbart

ELECTRIC STEELMAKING

EAF Operations

Comparison of Temperature Measurement in Copper Elements in the EAF 1809

James Bowers, Christopher Farmer, Stefano Miani

Highlights of the New EAF and FTP at Republic Lorain 1818

Marco Peter Cudicio, Mauro Milocco, Sorin Preda, Marco Volpe

Q-REG+: The Innovative Approach to Electrode Regulation 1825

Davide Onesti, Manuele Piazza, Marco Ometto

Detection and Resolution ofAdverse Meltshop Conditions Through the Use of the GrafTech ArchiTech System ..

1831

Theodore Kurela, Nicolas Lugo

EAF Technology Innovations

Controlling Electric Arc Properties in an Industrial AC EAF: Simulations and Experiments 1841

Frank Stahl, Martin Kiihnemund, Klaus Kriiger, Martin Hergt, Werner Hartmann, Bjorn Dittmer, Arno Dobbeler, Thomas

Matschullat, Daniel Tieseler

Water Leak Detection Using ZoloSCAN Laser Diagnostic System 1846

Kenneth Grieshaber, Fernando Martinez

New Burner Technology of Badische for Higher Energy Efficiency, Improved Reliability and Less

Refractory Wear 1854

Alexander Grosse, Klaus Libera, Andreas Opfermann, Ralf Schweikle, Stanislav Buls, Andreas Volkert, Steven Wohlfahrt

Improvement of EAF Process and Refractory Consumption by Advanced Slag Modeling 1863

Marcus Kirschen, AshrafHanna, Karl-Michael Zettl

EAF Start-Ups & Revamps

EAF Quantum — First Results From TYASA 1873

Alexander Miiller, Jens Apfel, Hannes Beile

Start-Up and Commissioning of the DRI Handling System for Nucor Hertford's EAF 1884

Bryson Trumble, Travis Greene, Francesco Memoli, Sergio A. Guzman, Kyle J. Shoop

EAF Experiences With DRI

Myths and Realities of Charging DRI/HBI in Electric Arc Furnaces 1895Sara Hornby, Jorge Madias, Francisco Torre

Optimizing Fe Yield in an AU-DRI-Fed EAF 1906

Ruben Lule Gonzalez, Francisco Lopez Acosta, Michael Lowry, David Kundrat, Allen Wyatt, Hagen Fuchs

Flexibility in EAF Operations at Nucor Steel-Arkansas with DRI 1918Tim Tirabassi, Jason Hicks, Danny Pantello

Behavior and Benefits of High-Fe3CDRI in the EAF 1928

Francesco Memoli

Process Model for Phosphorus Reaction in EAF Steelmaking: DRI, Scrap and Mix Cases 1946Mohammed A. Tayeb, Chris Pistorius, Seetharaman Sridhar, Richard Fruehan

Capacity Enhancement at Emirates Steel: Continuous Improvement in EAF Performance

iVith Hot DRI Charge 1954)amiano Patrizio, Paolo Razza, Alberto Pesamosca

EAF Equipment Updates

ArcSave®, Innovative Solution for Higher Productivity and Lower Cost in the EAF 1965

Lidong Teng, Aaron Jones, Helmut Hackl, Michael Meador

Latest Developments in Gas Purging Systems for EAF 1974Marcus Kirschen, Reinhard Ehrengruber, Ashraf Hanna, Karl-Michael Zettl

Performance Experience ofthe MultiROB at BSW — How Safety, Productivity and AccuracyGo Hand in Hand 1984Patrick Hansen, Ralf Stech, Mariana Quant

Safe and Efficient Slag Door Maintenance Unit

Michael R. Jobe

Next-Generation EFSOP® Offgas Analysis Technology: A Hybrid Extractive-Optical Solution With Water

Detection Capability

Douglas Zuliani, Vittorio Scipolo, Avishekh Pal, Ovidiu Negru

Environmental & Byproduct Management

Beneficiation of BOF Steelmaking Converter Slag Fines With Weak Magnetic Separation 2015

Naiyang Ma

Systematic Study on Recycling of Waste Materials in an Integrated Steel Site 2022

Johan Riesbeck, Anita Wedholm,Katarina Lundkvist, Mats Bramming

Gas Purging Benefits in the BOF: A Focus on Material Efficiency and C02 Emission Reduction 2031

Thomas Kollmann, Philip Bundschuh, Volker Samm, Johannes Schenk, Marcus Kirschen

Productivity & Process Optimization

Flammability Limits of Off Gas (CO-H2-H2O-CO2-N2 Mixtures at Elevated Temperatures) and Pressure Rise Rate

in Case of Deflagration Inside of Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) 2041

Wookyung Shim, Won joon Jang

Improving Hot Metal Desulphurization Process Performance—A Case Study 2050

Sunil Kumar, Yakov Gordon

Innovative 2D|3D Radar Technology for Scrap Material Volume Measurement and Crane Positioning in

Challenging Environments 2059

Federico J. Ahualli, Juan G. Sagasti, Reik Winkel, Christian Augustin, Matthias Schonhofer

Maintenance & Refractories

AOD Mouth Cleaning Results in APERAM South America Using Slagless Clean Up® 2070

Breno Totti Maia, Bruno Orlando de Almeida Santos, Fabricio Silveira Garajau, Humberto de Sousa Barcelos, Marcelo de

Souza Lima Guerra, Mauricio Ferreira Coelho, Otavio Augusto de Cunha Teixeira

BOF Slop Detection — Savings Potential With Real-Time Slop Detectionand Mitigation Technology 2082

Jose Kafie, Babak Babaei, Vittorio Scipolo

BOF Operation & Modeling

Impact of Different Heat Capacity Functions on Thermodynamic and Kinetic Modeling of the Basic

Oxygen Furnace 2090

Philip Bundschuh, Johannes Schenk, Stephanie Schiitt, Harald Panhofer, Axel Sormann

Cavity Profile Induced by the Jets Impinging Onto Liquids Surface in BOF Steelmaking 2099

Qiang Li, Mingming Li, Mingxia Feng, Zongshu Zou

Numerical Study of a Basic Oxygen Process Hydrodynamics 2106

Guangwu Tang, Bin Wu, Liyuan Gong, Armin K. Silaen, Jamie Lash, Elizabeth K. Borges, Chenn Q. Zhou

Acceleration of Quicklime Dissolution Into Slag by Internally Formed Gas 2117

Nobuhiro Maruoka, Hiroshi Nogami

Continuous Developments at the Steel Plant 1 Usiminas Ipatinga Through Slagless Technology 2125

Breno Totti Maia, Adeilson Roberto Ribeiro, Bruno Orlando de Almeida Santos, Carlos Alberto de Souza, Fabricio Silveira

Garajau, Marcelo de Souza Lima Guerra

BOF Chemistry & Quality

Influence of Slag Properties in the Steel Dephosphorization Efficiency 2136

Jose Roberto Oliveira, Felipe Costa Broseghini, Sabata Maria Oliveira, Heitor Cristo Clem Oliveira, F. D. Crista

Kinetics of Dephosphorisation and the Interfacial Oxygen Potential for Bloated Metal Droplets During OxygenSteelmaking 2148

Kezhuan Gu, Brian Jamieson, Neslihan Dogan, Kenneth S. Coley

Endpoint Prediction Technology of BOF Based on Flame Information 2156

Lu Tian, Zhuomin Liu, Rulun Wang

Lime Dissolution in Cr203-Containing Converter Slags 2162

Wei Yan, Weiqing Chen, Yindong Yang, Xiaobo Zhao, Alexander McLean

SPECIALTY ALLOY & FOUNDRY

Specialty Alloy- Part I

Latest Developments in Abrasive Cutting and Grinding of Large-Scale Cast and Forged Products 2173

Gerhard Richter, Matthew Foerster

A Comparative Study of Test Material and Castings to Predict Mechanical Properties of Steel Castings and

Design of Heat Treatment Cycle 2186

Michael Gomes, Mamun Al-Siraj

High-Performance Abrasive Cutoff Machines for Forging Applications 2194

Gerhard Richter, Christian Lieberknecht

High-Manganese Steels — A Promising Material for Automobile Industry and Structural Application in Future

Generation 2201

Dinesh Kumar

Specialty Alloy- Part II

Microstructure and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Fe-0.08C-18Mn-2.6Si-3.4Al-0.03Nb Alloy 2208

Zhengyou Tang, Ming Ma, N. Zan, Z.Q. Wu, R.D.K. Misra

Effect of Mg-Al-Fe Alloy Deoxidation on Inclusions in Hot Work Die Steel H13 2215

Gang Du, Jing Li, Zhong-bing Wang, Cheng-bin Shi

Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructural Evolution Characteristics of a Super Duplex Stainless Steel DuringDouble-Pass Compressive Tests 2226

Ming Ma, Hua Ding, Zhengyou Tang, Zhouhua Jiang, Guangwei Fan

Research on Precipitation Behavior of Primary Carbides in 8Crl3MoV Martensitic Stainless Steel DuringElectroslag Remelting 2232

Wentao Yu, Jing Li, Chenbin Shi, Qintian Zhu

LADLE & SECONDARY REFINING

Ladle Metallurgy Technology

Floating Chemistry Aims Based on Grade, Reduction Ratio and Residuals

Kasra Normofidi, Praneeth Gorapalli

Fundamentals of Steel Complex Deoxidation with Multiple Deoxidizers

Lifeng Zhang, Ying Ren

Model for Dehydrogenation During Secondary SteelmakingAndre L. Nunis, Tiago R. Ribeiro, Joao B. Ferreira Neto, Mario V. Leite, Rui C. Badaraco, Claudia R. Serantoni

A New Vibration Ladle Slag Detection SystemJiantao Yang, Lu Tian, An Fei

CFD Modeling to Simulate Gas Stirring Process Using Bottom Plugs in a Steel Ladle

Pavan K. Shivaram

Optimal Mixing Condition for Top Stir Gas Injection at ArcelorMittal Burns Harbor

Hoyong Hwang, Megan A. Pratt, Kamil Bury

Thermal Operation of Ladle Furnace with Gas Bubble BlowingVladimir Shvidkii, Yu Yaroshenko, Yakov Gordon, Sergey Novokreschenov, Dmitriy Cheremisin

Revisiting Slag Eye in Molten Steel

Rishikesh Mishra, Anurag Nandwana, Rajneesh Chaudhary

A New Method to Evaluate Particle Size Distribution of Inclusions

Peng Zhang, Shusen Cheng, Yanglong Li

Vacuum Treatment Technology & Process Control

Hydrogen Removal EfficiencyRiccardo Gottardi, Adam Partyka, Stefano Miani, Luca Gemo

Innovative Vacuum-Tank Degassing Technologies: Well-Established Metallurgical Performance Figures Achieved

by Using Dry Mechanical PumpsFranco Gandin, Harald Koblenzer

New Approaches for Vacuum Degassing Plants VD/VOD and RH/RH-OB

Andreas Harter, Andrea Pezza, Jose David Martinez Cerezo

RH Field Experience With Mechanical Vacuum Pump SystemRonghua Dong, Guowei Deng, Anke Teeuwsen

CONTINUOUS CASTING

Caster Design & High Speed Casting

Give Me Five - Rizhao Steel Counts on Arvedi ESP for High-Quality Hot Strip ProductionAndy Jungbauer, Bernd Linzer, Andreas Viehbock

CSP® Casting Technology — 25 Years of Success,

Jtirgen Miiller, Christian Geerkens, William H. Emling

Modeling of Inert Gas Shrouding for a 12-Tonne, Four-Strand, Delta-Shaped Tundish, Under Different OperatingConditions 2389

A. Kaiser Hamid, Mihaiela Isac, Roderick Guthrie

Tundish & SEN Design

Mold Flow Optimization in a Wide Slab Caster Through Water Modeling Experiments 2397

Xiaoxu Zhou, Yufeng Wang, Sunday Abraham, Rick Bodnar, Brett Baer, Dallas Brown

Tundish Flow Regulation with Advanced Refractory Designs 2406

John P. Rogler, John Richaud, William Chung

ArcelorMittal Burns Harbor No. 2 Continuous Caster/Bitop Conversion 2421

Jason Frey, Tyler Preall, Keith Wallace, Daniel Kanosky

Ladle Shroud and Collector Nozzle Design to Improve Sealing and Lower Nitrogen Pickup 2425

Quentin K. Robinson, Randy Stalter, Alan Charnock, Roger Maddalena, Michael Hughes, Kuan Wu

Innovative Flow Control Refractory Products for the Continuous Casting Process 2436

Gemot Hackl, Gerald Nitzl, Yong Tang, Christoph Eglsaer, Derek Chalmers

Understanding the Clogging Phenomenon During High-Al TRIP Steel Casting 2443

Rui Liu, Luisito Laus, Yong Lee, Hongbin Yin, John Macino, Jim Cottrell, Richard Gass, Mike Krug

Next Steps in High-Speed Billet Casting in Ege Celik 2454

Jeffrey Morton, Nuredin Kapaj, Hasan Sezar

Mold Technology for High Productivity & Long Life

Special Technologies and New Developments to Improve Slab Quality 2465

Christian Geerkens, Jochen Joseph Wans Laughlin, Dirk Lieftucht, Artemy Krasilnikov, Martin Klein

Danieli Power Mould: Key Technology in Evolution for High Productivity, High Quality and Energy Savings 2473

Andrea Miconi, Andrea De Luca, Antonio Sgro, Marco Di Giacomo

Mold Powder & Mold Level Control

Numerical Simulation of the Effects of Electromagnetic Brake on Steel Flow in the Mold of Thin Slab Caster 2477

Guifang Zhang, Lei Gao, Yindong Yang, Paul Wu, Alexander McLean

Local Heat Transfer Through Mold Flux Film and Optimal Narrow Face Taper Adjustment 2485

Artemy Krasilnikov, Felix Fanghanel, Dirk Lieftucht, Markus Reifferscheid, Joseph Laughlin

Achieving Tighter Control Over Slidegate Proportional Valve 2494Aloka Dasgupta, Love Kalra, Kai Zheng, William Umlauf

Mold Heat Transfer Behavior at High Casting Speed over 7.0 m/Minute in the CEM®, POSCO 2507

Seong-Yeon Kim, Youn-Sueg Choi, Jong-Yeon Hwang, Sang-Hyeon Lee

Design for Quality Steel Production

25 Years of Refractory Development for Thin-Slab Application 2523

John P. Rogler, John Richaud, Gunter Baehren

New Extra-Large 350-mm-Thick x 2 6-m-Wide Slab Caster at YingkouStefano Baf, Giovanna Busolin, Marcellino Fornasier

Establishment of Minimum Mold Heat Removal and Control for Continuous CastingXiaoxu Zhou, Dallas Brown, Sunday Abraham, Rick Bodnar

Modernization of Six-Strands Caster at OVAKO Smedjebacken ,

Ugo Zanelli, Philip E. Ponikvar

Implementation of Innovative Advanced Mold Tubes at Hadeed SPLP-I

Carlos Pinheiro, Tarkarama Katakam,Yousef Al-Sehati, Hamoud Al-Bugami

New Developments in Dynamic Soft Reduction in Continuous Casting ofBlooms for Rail and Stainless Steels

Luca Ceslari, Marco Mauro Motta,Loris Busolini, Antonio Sgro

CONTINUOUS CASTING/METALLURGY - STEELMAKING & CASTING

Caster Fluid Flow & Heat Transfer Modelling

The Fluid-Dynamic Characteristics and Impinging Behavior ofAir Mists Used for Secondary

Cooling of Thin Slabs

Melecio de Leon, Mario E. Huerta, Alfonso Humberto Castillejos

Thermomechanical Behavior of a Wide Slab-Casting Mold

Gavin J. Hamilton, Lance C. Hibbeler, Brian G. Thomas

Flexible Spray Cooling Heat Transfer for Long Product Casting ,Robert Wolff

Modeling of Non-Isothermal Melt Flows in aTundish

Saikat Chatterjee, Kinnor Chattopadhyay

Belt Casting Technology — Experiences Based on the World's First BCT Caster

Jochen Wans, Christian Geerkens, Hermann Cremers, Dirk Austermann, Joseph Laughlin, Dewey Humes

Metallurgical Behavior of the Ultra-Wide Slab Continuous Casting Mold

Yuchang Wang, Chenwei Du, Shaoxiang Li, Jiaquan Zhang

HOT SHEET ROLLING

Technological Methods for Improving the Hot Sheet Rolling Process

An On-Line Model of Work Roll Temperature with Variable Cooling Rate Along the Roll LengthEugene Nikitenko

New Control Technique for Reducing the Likelihood of Cobbles in the Tandem Rolling of Hot Metal SheetJohn Pittner, Marwan A. Simaan

Pusher Furnace Bottom Side Tearing at ArcelorMittal Indiana Harbor 84" Hot Strip Mill

Larry Gansho, James Chapko, Robert Svenningsen, Nancy Hake

HOT SHEET ROLLING/ROLLS

Roll Manufacturing Technology

Work Rolls for Roughing Hot Strip 2670

Marcos Machado Matsumoto, Claudia Regina Serantoni, Sergio Alves Araujo, Luiz Carlos Silidonio Junior, Juan Garcia

Noguera

ESW's Research and Development: A Combination of Trials and Simulation 2676

Michael Brandner, Tommy Nylen, Leonel Elizondo, Thomas Trickl, Armin Paar

Structure-Property Relationships for Conventional and Enhanced Indefinite Chill Work Rolls 2687

Christopher Hrizo, Konstantin Redkin, Kevin Marsden, William Berts, Behram Kapadia

Characteristics of Fujico Co. Ltd. CPC/HSS Rolls for Hot Strip Mills and Long Bar Mills and Its ApplicationResults 2700

Gene E. Lee, Mantaro Sasaki

Determination of Stress and Strain Fields in Cast and Heat Treated Bimetallic Rolling Mill Rolls 2706

Ingrid Neira Torres, Jerome Tchoufang Tchuindjang, Mario Sinnaeve, Paolo Flores, Jacqueline Lecomte-Beckers, Anne-

Marie Habraken

Investigation on Work Roll Corrosion and Oxidation Mechanisms in a Hot Strip Mill 2717

Sebastien Flament, Gisele Walmag, Mario Sinnaeve

HOT SHEET ROLLING/ELECTRICAL APPLICATIONS SENSORS SYSTEMS

New Sensor Technology & Hot Rolling

A New Generation Optical Flatness Measurement Systems 2726

Par Kierkegaard, Lars-Ake Classon

Practical Applications of Surface Inspection System at the Hot Mill 2734Richard J. Pavlosky, Lane Galey, Mohammad B. Assar, Liwei Zhang

Q-VID: A Revolutionary Approach to Vision-Based Measurements and Control 2745

Ingrid Visentini, Riccardo M. G. Ferrari, Alessandro Ardesi

Technological Developments for the Production of High-Strength Steels 2754

Joseph Lee, John Hinton, Peter Hunt, Frenk Van Den Berg, Haibing Yang, Anthony Peyton

Development of Looper Shape Meter in Hot Rolling 2761

iNaoto Migakida, Hideaki Furumoto, Kanji Hayashi, Ryohei Kinose, Shuji Maniwa, Takao Owada, Shinya Kanemori,

'^Hgeki Sueda

COLD SHEET ROLLING

Mill Performance

improvement Activities for a Hitting Ratio of Direct Production in JFE Fukuyama No.4 CAL 2767Hiroshi Matsushima, Yoshihisa Sawada, Akira Furuto, Tomohiro Hashimukai

•Adjustment of Cold Mill Capability by Intelligent Modernization— Latest References of SMS Siemag 2774talk Topfer, Jurgen Schanderl, Rudiger Holz, Michael J. Peretic

Elimination of Mill Chatter Vibration in Cold Rolling —Successful Pilot Installation 2781

Georg Keintzel, Christoph Proll, Konrad Krimpelstatter

Quality Improvement and Cost Savings With Modern Roll Grinding Technology 2788

Dirk Schmidt, Michael Ansorge

Six Weeks: Cold Mill Engineering to First Coil 2790

Leland Robinson, Mathieu Oliveira

Annealing & Rolling Theory

Hydrogen Batch Annealing, Performance Comparison of Convection Systems 2800

Michael W. McDonald, Deanna L. Weaver

Numerical Solution of Von Karman on Elastic Foundation with Loading and Unloading Processes in Material Work

Hardening Curve 2809

Remn-Min Guo

HYDROPRIME® Gas Generators Provide Low-Cost, Reliable Hydrogen for Steelmaking 2823

Goutam Shahani, Larry Lyda, Kyle Finley, Nick Onelli, Tony Palerm

Exposed Panel Surface Production Process: Understanding the Contribution ofan Annealing Furnace in AchievingExposed Surface Quality Requirements 2828

Karim Kahoul

Pickling & Welding

Pickling and Tandem Cold Rolling Technologies for TERNIUM Mexico 2841

Motoyuki Fujii, Robert Freites, David Rodriguez, Carlos Gomez de la Garza, Ichiro Maeno, Yoichi Kai, Hajime Takahashi

Energy Savings in the System Pickling/Acid Recovery: The New ECOmode 2852

Frank Baerhold, Stefan Mitterecker, Arthur Stingl

Application of Lower Cost Gas to a Laser Welder 2860

Yukio Tatara, Takahiro Matsuki

Development of New Mash Seam Welder (Cross Seam Welder, CSW) Compatible with Continuous Rolling of Steel

Sheets at Thicknesses up to 6.5 mm 2866

Noriaki Tominaga, Hisayoshi Ishii, Hiroaki Tadokoro, Yujiro Watanabe, Keiichi Sato, Hirotoshi Tagata

COLD SHEET ROLLING/ELECTRICAL APPLICATIONS SENSORS SYSTEMS

Shape & Surface

The Self-Curability and Explicit and Implicit Heritabiliry ofShape Defects in Cold Rolling 2878

Yuli Liu, Shan Liu

Impact of Yield Strength and Work Hardening on the Efficiency of Shape Setup in the Tandem Cold Mill 2894

Eugene Nikitenko

Resolving Complex Shape Distortions on Narrow, Thin Gauge Strip Having an Asymmetric Transverse Thickness

Profile 2901

Mark E. Zipf

Surface Microstructure of Normal and Defected Cold Rolled Sheet, Investigated by SEM/EDS and Surface

Profilometry 2915

Rob Smits, Bas Smeulders

Integrating Width Measurement in Thickness Gauges With Range-Independent Precision, Using Laser Profile

Sensors 2926

Achim Sonntag