Problem Solution Advantages Disadvantages Conclusion Overview.
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Transcript of Problem Solution Advantages Disadvantages Conclusion Overview.
• Problem
• Solution
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Conclusion
Overview
Problems
• Deep space exploration is difficult to initialize from Earth
• Lack of excitement in today’s space program
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
Lunar Surface
Courtesy of NASA
Courtesy of NASA
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
Lunar Surface – Past
• Space Race
• John F. Kennedy Speech: May 26, 19611
• Deadline: Within the decade
• Accomplished in 1969– Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
Lunar Surface – Past
• Mission Objectives:
– Beat the Russians
– Explore the Lunar Surface2
• Surface Samples – Compositions, Resources, Minerals
– 20 kg of Lunar Samples
• Surveying• Habitation
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
Lunar Surface – Base
Eric Burgess Outpost on Apollo’s Moon
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
Lunar Surface – Base
• Establish a permanent base facility on the Lunar Surface– Central Command– Habitation Modules– Research Facility– Launch Facility– Mining Facility
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
Lunar Surface – Base
• Central Command– Facility controlling day-to-day base
operations
– Control of surface and L1 launch facilities
– Communication Station• Earth Inbound/Outbound
• L1 Station
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
Lunar Surface – Base
• Habitation Modules– Housing personnel– Water recycling– Provision Storage– Agriculture– Physical fitness facility– Equipment Storage– Waste Management– Energy – Solar
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
Lunar Surface – Base
• Research Facility– Low-gravity Laboratories– Biological Laboratories
• Medical Facility
– Surface-material testing Laboratories
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
Lunar Surface – Base
• Launch Facility
– Lunar surface launch platform
– Responsible for assembling and preparing launch vehicles for flight
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
Lunar Surface - Base
• Mining Facility– Bulk excavation of lunar resources for
processing and utilization in base activities2
• Base Maintenance and Repair• Study and Experimentation• Construction
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
• Collinear equilibrium points theorized by Leonard Euler
• 1772 – Joseph Lagrange showed the existence of 5 equilibrium points in a two-
body gravitational field
• Lagrange further showed that the equilibrium points lie within the plane of
rotation of the primary bodies
• Collinear points found to be unstable while the other two points were found to
be stable
• The equilibrium points have come to be called Lagrange Points, or Libration
Points
Lagrange Points – History
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
Lagrange Points – Figure
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
Lagrange Points – Figure
Bishop, R.H. Autonomous Navigation for Libration Point Formation Flying Missions
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
Halo Orbits – History
• An orbit by which an object may remain in close proximity to an equilibrium point
• Suggested around 1950 by Arthur C. Clarke for communication purposes
• Considered for use on Apollo 17 mission until the mission was altered
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
Halo Orbits – Figure
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
L1 Station
• Configuration– Launch platform at L1
– Construction yard in halo orbit about L1
• Capabilities– Launch platform
• Must be able to perform deep-space launches• Must be able to receive supplies from the Moon
– Construction Yard• Must be capable of assembling deep-space vehicles• Must be capable of performing maintenance on L1
station
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
• Need for transportation– Form Earth to Lunar colony– In-between parts of colony
• Types of vehicles
Transportation
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
Actual Ferry Vessel Orbit
Transportation
Bishop, R.H. Autonomous Navigation for Libration Point Formation Flying Missions
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
Simplified Ferry Vessel Orbit
Transportation
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
Earth Loading Phase
Transportation
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
Moon Loading Phase
Transportation
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
Moon to L1 Transfer
Transportation
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
• Ferry vessel– Transports materials back and forth between
the Earth and Moon
• Docking vessels– Located at both primary bodies– Dock with Ferry during the Ferry’s flyby with
primaries– Loads/unloads the Ferry
• Moon-to-L1 vessel
– Transports materials from Moon to L1
Transportation Summary
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
Lunar Surface – Advantages
• Permanent presence in space – further than LEO
• Secondary perspective for interplanetary observations and measurements
• Cost feasibility for interplanetary exploration (i.e. Mars)3
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
Lunar Surface – Advantages
• Advance Technology
• Lower long-term space expenditures
• Revitalize space program– Promote manned interplanetary space
exploration
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
L1 Advantages
• “A manned station at L1 could support an infrastructure expanding human presence beyond low-Earth orbit…”3
• Proximity to bodies within the system4
– Attractive for uses related to space missions– Well-suited for applications such as gateway
stations for launching deeper exploratory missions
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
Lunar Surface - Disadvantages
• High Initial Cost5
• Implementation Time
• Hostile Environment
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
L1 Disadvantages
• Unstable equilibrium position– Difficulty in controlling the station– Expense associated with fuel consumption
• Takes time to reach L1 from either of the primaries
– Emergencies may not be quickly solved– Supplies may be delayed– Crew transfers will be lengthy
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
ConclusionA lunar outpost should be built because:
• Space exploration will expand since a spacecraft launched from the lunar outpost can have a greater payload, size, and range than a spacecraft launched from within the Earth’s atmosphere
• The space program will be revitalized by giving future engineers something to look forward to
• The advancements to technology that will be necessary to the development of a lunar colony will greatly benefit the rest of humanity
Problem * Solution * Advantages * Disadvantages * Conclusion
References1"Apollo Program," Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2003 http://encarta.msn.com © 1997-
2003 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
2Burgess, Eric. Outpost on Apollo’s Moon, New York Columbia University Press, New York, 1993.
3Bishop, R.H., Huxel, P.J., DeMars, K.J. Autonomous Navigation for Libration Point Formation Flying Missions. NRA-03-GSFC/AETD-01. Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin. August, 2003.
4Condon, G.L., Wilson, S., and Ranieri, C. L., “Performance Requirements and Kickstage Disposal Options For a Cislunar Gateway Station Transfer Vehicle,” NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX.
5Dunham, D.W., Farquhar, R.W. Libration Point Missions, 1978-2002. Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University. 2002.
6Mendell, Wendell W. (1996). “Lunar Base as a Precursor to Mars Exploration and Settlement,” NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas. http://ares.jsc.nasa.gov/HumanExplore/Exploration/EXLibrary/DOCS/EIC040.HTML (6 October 2003).
7Boles, Walter W., Lunar Construction, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 1990.