Problem Design PBL

822019 Problem Design PBL

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Nurulhuda AR UPSI PBL Workshop IAB April 2012

Problem Design For



Learning Outcomes

Explain some of the key principles indesigning PBL problems

Identify the different types of PBL problemsand recognise some of the circumstances inwhich they may be used

Craft problem scenarios in line with the

intended learning outcomes

Review problem scenarios according to keyprinciples of problem design




PBL in a nutshell

PBL ndash a problem-basedcurriculumpedagogical strategyteachingmethod that posed real world relatedproblems to learners for them to resolvewhere learners acquire new knowledge anddevelop skills whilst finding the problem

solution (s) usually in groups




Activity 31 Generating Learning Issues

After attending a two-day workshop on PBLyou and your colleagues are tasked with thecrafting of PBL problem scenarios

What are some of the key issues that youwould like some answers to

Discuss with your group and generate the

learning issues




Learning Issues

How todesign a

PBLproblem

What is a

PBLproblem

What are theapproaches todesigning PBL

problems

What are thetypes of

problems inPBL

What are thekey principles

for the design ofPBL problems

What are the stepsin designingcrafting

PBL problems




Learning Issue 1What is a PBL problem

Any doubt (difficulty uncertainty) thatrequires resolution

Also known as trigger case or task Can be in the form of a dilemma a challenge

or an open-ended task

Usually ill-structured and there are more thanone possible alternative solutions




How are problems presented tothe learners

Using a Problem Scenario

Sets the contextsituates the problem

Informs learners the stance or role they should

adopt when solving the problem Embeds content of the subject

Includes a hook

Engages the learners in the context

Could be a newspaper story or somethingprovocativeinteresting




PBL Workshop 06 8

Run Run Runaways

Two brothers aged 10 and 8 stole money from theirparents and ran away from home for the second time intwo years After three days they returned home An NGOWomens Aid Organisation reported that runaways appearto be getting younger with them being more daring and

willing to experiment and to lsquopush boundariesrsquo

You are a social worker with the Ministry of WomensAffairs and Community Development What programswould you recommend to reduce the problem of young

runaways and how could these be conducted



Activity 32 Identify Characteristics of aGood Problem Scenario

Identify the following characteristics in thescenario given


Characteristics YesNo

The problem scenario has- a hook which engages the learner- a context (setting) for the problem throughthe role the learner will adopt

- content of the subject embedded in the

problem- one of the following forms a dilemma challengeopen-ended task



Why use problems

Serve as triggers for learning

Motivate learners to

act on the problem think of WHAT and WHY they are learning it

Learn meaningful core content (and whereapplicable skills and attitudes) required for

dealing with the problem

Prepare learners for future real worldapplication




Learning Issue 2Approaches to designing PBL problems

Approach 1(Schmidt amp Moust 2000)

Identify type ofknowledge that

should be learned

Identify type ofproblems that willassist learners in

gathering thatknowledge

Approach 2(Savin-Baden amp Howell-

Major 2004 Barrows 1994)

Identify the keyprinciples of

problem design

Incorporate keyprinciples asguidelines to

problem design




Learning Issue 3Knowledge and Problem TypesTypes of

knowledge

Goal of the knowledge

Acquire knowledge

Types of

problems

Examples of

questions that canbe generated

Descriptiveknowledge

about facts Fact-findingproblems

What are the facts

Explanatory about why somethingoccur (eg the cause) Explanationproblems Why did theoccurrencehappens

Proceduralknowledge

to act upon the situationin order to change it

Strategyproblems

What steps wouldyou take Howwould you dosomething

Personalknowledge

to examine andunderstand personalconvictions and attitudes

Moral dilemmaresolutionproblems

What wouldshouldyou do in adilemma situation




Activity 33 Generating differenttypes of questions to turn problem

scenarios into different types ofproblem

Generate different types of questionstasksthat will turn the problem scenariocase intoparticular type of problems




PBL Workshop IAB April 2012 14

Activity 33 (Continue)

What programmes would you recommend to reduce theproblem of young runaways and how could these beconducted

Strategy

The Ministry of Womens Affairs amp Community Developmenthas requested for a report to explain the pattern to runawaychildren in Malaysia in the last 10 years

Fact-finding

The children in the above case claim that their parents leave

them home alone all the time Both parents declare that theyhave to work long hours in order to provide for the family Howwould you advise each party

Moral

Why do younger children seem to be more daring to run awayfrom home or willing to experiment and lsquopush boundariesrsquo these days

Explanation

Examples of focus questions task turning problem

scenario into particular type of problems

What type of

problem is it

Nurulhuda AR UPSI



Learning Issue 4Key Principles in Designing PBL Problems

The problem should

require the learning of new core knowledge

align with learning outcomes of the programme of study

adapt to learners prior knowledge

be presented in a context that is relevant and authentic to thecurrent or future profession of the learner

stimulate elaboration through cues in the problem

encourage integration of knowledge

stimulate self-directed learning by encouraging generation oflearning issues and research

encourage discussion and exploration in the subject matter




Combining both approaches indesigning PBL problems




Learning Issue 5Steps in Designing PBL Problems

1 Determine the learning outcomes

(content skills attitudes)

2 Determine availability of resources

3 Identify concepts from content obtain ideas

for hooks visualize a situation in the real

world and provide context (setting for the learner

with a role to adopt)




Learning Issue 5Steps in Designing PBL Problems ndash cont

4 Identify the types of problems that are best suitedto drive learning use the KISS principle andensure key words are build in to cue learners

5 Provide focus and end to the problem scenario bydeveloping a question or task providing a cleardescription of the deliverables to the problem (egreport assignment demonstration verbal presentation)

6 Finalize the problem scenario by deciding whether it bepresented as paper based emails memos interviewsvideo clips short articles from newspaper etc Checkwhether core concepts are incorporated and checkagainst the key principles




A catchy title hellip

After yoursquove constructed your problem

scenario and review it against the keyprinciples give it a catchy title to increase

studentsrsquo motivation and curiosity

Eg

A Day in the Life of John Henry a Traffic Cop

First Cloned Baby

Siapa Perlu Bayar LebihNurulhuda AR UPSI PBL Workshop IAB April 2012



Activity 34 Problem Crafting andPresentation

Design a problem that you can use in your ownteaching and learning

Combine both approaches (1 Matching

knowledge to problem type and 2 Using keyprinciples to problem design) when designingthe problem

Use the Problem Crafting Template as a guide Present your Problem Scenario to the class





Are there any questions issues or problemsthat you wish to raise



Main reference

Kathryn Goh (2006) Problem Design for PBL TemasekPolytechnic Singapore Learning Academy




Learning Outcomes

Explain some of the key principles indesigning PBL problems

Identify the different types of PBL problemsand recognise some of the circumstances inwhich they may be used

Craft problem scenarios in line with the

intended learning outcomes

Review problem scenarios according to keyprinciples of problem design




PBL in a nutshell










learning issues




Learning Issues

How todesign a

PBLproblem

What is a

PBLproblem


problems


problems inPBL




PBL problems

















Includes a hook






PBL Workshop 06 8

Run Run Runaways
















Why use problems













should be learned






problem design


problem design





knowledge


Acquire knowledge

Types of

problems

Examples of




What are the facts


Proceduralknowledge


Strategyproblems


Personalknowledge
















Strategy


Fact-finding



Moral


Explanation



What type of

problem is it

Nurulhuda AR UPSI




The problem should






































Eg


First Cloned Baby
















Main reference





PBL in a nutshell










learning issues




Learning Issues

How todesign a

PBLproblem

What is a

PBLproblem


problems


problems inPBL




PBL problems

















Includes a hook






PBL Workshop 06 8

Run Run Runaways
















Why use problems













should be learned






problem design


problem design





knowledge


Acquire knowledge

Types of

problems

Examples of




What are the facts


Proceduralknowledge


Strategyproblems


Personalknowledge
















Strategy


Fact-finding



Moral


Explanation



What type of

problem is it

Nurulhuda AR UPSI




The problem should






































Eg


First Cloned Baby
















Main reference









learning issues




Learning Issues

How todesign a

PBLproblem

What is a

PBLproblem


problems


problems inPBL




PBL problems

















Includes a hook






PBL Workshop 06 8

Run Run Runaways
















Why use problems













should be learned






problem design


problem design





knowledge


Acquire knowledge

Types of

problems

Examples of




What are the facts


Proceduralknowledge


Strategyproblems


Personalknowledge
















Strategy


Fact-finding



Moral


Explanation



What type of

problem is it

Nurulhuda AR UPSI




The problem should






































Eg


First Cloned Baby
















Main reference





Learning Issues

How todesign a

PBLproblem

What is a

PBLproblem


problems


problems inPBL




PBL problems

















Includes a hook






PBL Workshop 06 8

Run Run Runaways
















Why use problems













should be learned






problem design


problem design





knowledge


Acquire knowledge

Types of

problems

Examples of




What are the facts


Proceduralknowledge


Strategyproblems


Personalknowledge
















Strategy


Fact-finding



Moral


Explanation



What type of

problem is it

Nurulhuda AR UPSI




The problem should






































Eg


First Cloned Baby
















Main reference


















Includes a hook






PBL Workshop 06 8

Run Run Runaways
















Why use problems













should be learned






problem design


problem design





knowledge


Acquire knowledge

Types of

problems

Examples of




What are the facts


Proceduralknowledge


Strategyproblems


Personalknowledge
















Strategy


Fact-finding



Moral


Explanation



What type of

problem is it

Nurulhuda AR UPSI




The problem should






































Eg


First Cloned Baby
















Main reference





PBL Workshop 06 8

Run Run Runaways
















Why use problems













should be learned






problem design


problem design





knowledge


Acquire knowledge

Types of

problems

Examples of




What are the facts


Proceduralknowledge


Strategyproblems


Personalknowledge
















Strategy


Fact-finding



Moral


Explanation



What type of

problem is it

Nurulhuda AR UPSI




The problem should






































Eg


First Cloned Baby
















Main reference














Why use problems













should be learned






problem design


problem design





knowledge


Acquire knowledge

Types of

problems

Examples of




What are the facts


Proceduralknowledge


Strategyproblems


Personalknowledge
















Strategy


Fact-finding



Moral


Explanation



What type of

problem is it

Nurulhuda AR UPSI




The problem should






































Eg


First Cloned Baby
















Main reference








should be learned






problem design


problem design





knowledge


Acquire knowledge

Types of

problems

Examples of




What are the facts


Proceduralknowledge


Strategyproblems


Personalknowledge
















Strategy


Fact-finding



Moral


Explanation



What type of

problem is it

Nurulhuda AR UPSI




The problem should






































Eg


First Cloned Baby
















Main reference






knowledge


Acquire knowledge

Types of

problems

Examples of




What are the facts


Proceduralknowledge


Strategyproblems


Personalknowledge
















Strategy


Fact-finding



Moral


Explanation



What type of

problem is it

Nurulhuda AR UPSI




The problem should






































Eg


First Cloned Baby
















Main reference














Strategy


Fact-finding



Moral


Explanation



What type of

problem is it

Nurulhuda AR UPSI




The problem should






































Eg


First Cloned Baby
















Main reference






The problem should






































Eg


First Cloned Baby
















Main reference































Eg


First Cloned Baby
















Main reference

















Main reference



Problem Design PBL

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