Probation and ParoleUnit 3

CJ 307Bob Jones University

Dr Mike Wilkie

Chapter 7Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)

Probation and ISP

bull Probation-court ordered program for supervising offenders outside of incarceration

bull ISP is a restrictive program for higher-risk offenders

bull ISP may be for adults or juvenilesbull Two related findingsndash Increased surveillance may not reduce offenderrsquos

criminal activityndash Technical violations revocation rates higher

Juvenile Offenders

bull Allegheny County

Chapter 7Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)

Probation and ISP

bull Probation-court ordered program for supervising offenders outside of incarceration

bull ISP is a restrictive program for higher-risk offenders

bull ISP may be for adults or juvenilesbull Two related findingsndash Increased surveillance may not reduce offenderrsquos

criminal activityndash Technical violations revocation rates higher

Juvenile Offenders

bull Allegheny County

Probation and ISP

bull Probation-court ordered program for supervising offenders outside of incarceration

bull ISP is a restrictive program for higher-risk offenders

bull ISP may be for adults or juvenilesbull Two related findingsndash Increased surveillance may not reduce offenderrsquos

criminal activityndash Technical violations revocation rates higher

Juvenile Offenders

bull Allegheny County

Juvenile Offenders

bull Allegheny County

ISP

bull Washington State programbull 219 reduction in recidivism

Probation

bull Most frequently used alternative sentencingbull 2009 statistics ndash 73 million people on some form of probationndash Most community supervisionndash 1 of every 47 adults

bull Class Exercisendash Find current probation rates for adults in US for

adults in your home state

Findings

bull 2010 statisticsndash 4055500 adults on probationndash 44 million moved in and out of probationndash USDOJ

bull SCndash 32000 on probation in SC 2012ndash SC Dept of Probation Parole Pardons

Conditions for Probation

bull No new offenses (minor traffic violations excepted)

bull No illicit drug usebull Restrictions on alcohol useabusebull Reporting to probation officer as requiredbull Paying required fees and finesbull Avoid contact with other offendersbull Follow all court orders

High Risk Offenders

bull Home confinementbull Fines and Restitutionbull Treatment programs designed to intervene

reoffendingbull Electronic Monitoring

Remote Location Monitoring

bull Expanding programndash 12000 in 1994ndash 130-150000+ today

bull Improvements in GPS technologybull Major benefit is reduced cost less than

incarcerationndash Offender pays toward costs

Three Values of EM

bull Restrict offender movements (incapacitation)bull Punitivebull Contributes to rehabilitation in community

contextndash Allows work education vocational training

OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool

bull Evaluate Risk Factorsbull Evaluate Familybull Schoolbull Community bull Peers and Associations

OJJDP (cont)

bull Phase 1 (3 to 4 months)bull Probation agreement (behavior contract)bull Three contacts at random by surveillance officer per

weekbull Biweekly counseling sessions by probation counselorbull Team assessmentmdashprobation officer probation

counselor surveillance officermdashusing risk and needs assessment

bull Service delivery that addresses treatment needs

OJJDP

bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer

per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment

needs also increased parental responsibility

OJJDP

bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer

per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents

and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one

thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo

House Arrest

bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working

hours

Probation Then and Now

bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ

Probation

bull Most frequently used alternative sentencingbull 2009 statistics ndash 73 million people on some form of probationndash Most community supervisionndash 1 of every 47 adults

bull Class Exercisendash Find current probation rates for adults in US for

adults in your home state

Findings

bull 2010 statisticsndash 4055500 adults on probationndash 44 million moved in and out of probationndash USDOJ

bull SCndash 32000 on probation in SC 2012ndash SC Dept of Probation Parole Pardons

Conditions for Probation

bull No new offenses (minor traffic violations excepted)

bull No illicit drug usebull Restrictions on alcohol useabusebull Reporting to probation officer as requiredbull Paying required fees and finesbull Avoid contact with other offendersbull Follow all court orders

High Risk Offenders

bull Home confinementbull Fines and Restitutionbull Treatment programs designed to intervene

reoffendingbull Electronic Monitoring

Remote Location Monitoring

bull Expanding programndash 12000 in 1994ndash 130-150000+ today

bull Improvements in GPS technologybull Major benefit is reduced cost less than

incarcerationndash Offender pays toward costs

Three Values of EM

bull Restrict offender movements (incapacitation)bull Punitivebull Contributes to rehabilitation in community

contextndash Allows work education vocational training

OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool

bull Evaluate Risk Factorsbull Evaluate Familybull Schoolbull Community bull Peers and Associations

OJJDP (cont)

bull Phase 1 (3 to 4 months)bull Probation agreement (behavior contract)bull Three contacts at random by surveillance officer per

weekbull Biweekly counseling sessions by probation counselorbull Team assessmentmdashprobation officer probation

counselor surveillance officermdashusing risk and needs assessment

bull Service delivery that addresses treatment needs

OJJDP

bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer

per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment

needs also increased parental responsibility

OJJDP

bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer

per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents

and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one

thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo

House Arrest

bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working

hours

Probation Then and Now

bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ

Findings

bull 2010 statisticsndash 4055500 adults on probationndash 44 million moved in and out of probationndash USDOJ

bull SCndash 32000 on probation in SC 2012ndash SC Dept of Probation Parole Pardons

Conditions for Probation

bull No new offenses (minor traffic violations excepted)

bull No illicit drug usebull Restrictions on alcohol useabusebull Reporting to probation officer as requiredbull Paying required fees and finesbull Avoid contact with other offendersbull Follow all court orders

High Risk Offenders

bull Home confinementbull Fines and Restitutionbull Treatment programs designed to intervene

reoffendingbull Electronic Monitoring

Remote Location Monitoring

bull Expanding programndash 12000 in 1994ndash 130-150000+ today

bull Improvements in GPS technologybull Major benefit is reduced cost less than

incarcerationndash Offender pays toward costs

Three Values of EM

bull Restrict offender movements (incapacitation)bull Punitivebull Contributes to rehabilitation in community

contextndash Allows work education vocational training

OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool

bull Evaluate Risk Factorsbull Evaluate Familybull Schoolbull Community bull Peers and Associations

OJJDP (cont)

bull Phase 1 (3 to 4 months)bull Probation agreement (behavior contract)bull Three contacts at random by surveillance officer per

weekbull Biweekly counseling sessions by probation counselorbull Team assessmentmdashprobation officer probation

counselor surveillance officermdashusing risk and needs assessment

bull Service delivery that addresses treatment needs

OJJDP

bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer

per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment

needs also increased parental responsibility

OJJDP

bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer

per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents

and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one

thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo

House Arrest

bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working

hours

Probation Then and Now

bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ

Conditions for Probation

bull No new offenses (minor traffic violations excepted)

bull No illicit drug usebull Restrictions on alcohol useabusebull Reporting to probation officer as requiredbull Paying required fees and finesbull Avoid contact with other offendersbull Follow all court orders

High Risk Offenders

bull Home confinementbull Fines and Restitutionbull Treatment programs designed to intervene

reoffendingbull Electronic Monitoring

Remote Location Monitoring

bull Expanding programndash 12000 in 1994ndash 130-150000+ today

bull Improvements in GPS technologybull Major benefit is reduced cost less than

incarcerationndash Offender pays toward costs

Three Values of EM

bull Restrict offender movements (incapacitation)bull Punitivebull Contributes to rehabilitation in community

contextndash Allows work education vocational training

OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool

bull Evaluate Risk Factorsbull Evaluate Familybull Schoolbull Community bull Peers and Associations

OJJDP (cont)

bull Phase 1 (3 to 4 months)bull Probation agreement (behavior contract)bull Three contacts at random by surveillance officer per

weekbull Biweekly counseling sessions by probation counselorbull Team assessmentmdashprobation officer probation

counselor surveillance officermdashusing risk and needs assessment

bull Service delivery that addresses treatment needs

OJJDP

bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer

per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment

needs also increased parental responsibility

OJJDP

bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer

per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents

and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one

thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo

House Arrest

bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working

hours

Probation Then and Now

bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ

High Risk Offenders

bull Home confinementbull Fines and Restitutionbull Treatment programs designed to intervene

reoffendingbull Electronic Monitoring

Remote Location Monitoring

bull Expanding programndash 12000 in 1994ndash 130-150000+ today

bull Improvements in GPS technologybull Major benefit is reduced cost less than

incarcerationndash Offender pays toward costs

Three Values of EM

bull Restrict offender movements (incapacitation)bull Punitivebull Contributes to rehabilitation in community

contextndash Allows work education vocational training

OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool

bull Evaluate Risk Factorsbull Evaluate Familybull Schoolbull Community bull Peers and Associations

OJJDP (cont)

bull Phase 1 (3 to 4 months)bull Probation agreement (behavior contract)bull Three contacts at random by surveillance officer per

weekbull Biweekly counseling sessions by probation counselorbull Team assessmentmdashprobation officer probation

counselor surveillance officermdashusing risk and needs assessment

bull Service delivery that addresses treatment needs

OJJDP

bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer

per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment

needs also increased parental responsibility

OJJDP

bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer

per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents

and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one

thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo

House Arrest

bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working

hours

Probation Then and Now

bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ

Remote Location Monitoring

bull Expanding programndash 12000 in 1994ndash 130-150000+ today

bull Improvements in GPS technologybull Major benefit is reduced cost less than

incarcerationndash Offender pays toward costs

Three Values of EM

bull Restrict offender movements (incapacitation)bull Punitivebull Contributes to rehabilitation in community

contextndash Allows work education vocational training

OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool

bull Evaluate Risk Factorsbull Evaluate Familybull Schoolbull Community bull Peers and Associations

OJJDP (cont)

bull Phase 1 (3 to 4 months)bull Probation agreement (behavior contract)bull Three contacts at random by surveillance officer per

weekbull Biweekly counseling sessions by probation counselorbull Team assessmentmdashprobation officer probation

counselor surveillance officermdashusing risk and needs assessment

bull Service delivery that addresses treatment needs

OJJDP

bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer

per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment

needs also increased parental responsibility

OJJDP

bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer

per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents

and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one

thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo

House Arrest

bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working

hours

Probation Then and Now

bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ

Three Values of EM

bull Restrict offender movements (incapacitation)bull Punitivebull Contributes to rehabilitation in community

contextndash Allows work education vocational training

OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool

bull Evaluate Risk Factorsbull Evaluate Familybull Schoolbull Community bull Peers and Associations

OJJDP (cont)

bull Phase 1 (3 to 4 months)bull Probation agreement (behavior contract)bull Three contacts at random by surveillance officer per

weekbull Biweekly counseling sessions by probation counselorbull Team assessmentmdashprobation officer probation

counselor surveillance officermdashusing risk and needs assessment

bull Service delivery that addresses treatment needs

OJJDP

bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer

per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment

needs also increased parental responsibility

OJJDP

bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer

per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents

and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one

thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo

House Arrest

bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working

hours

Probation Then and Now

bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ

OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool

bull Evaluate Risk Factorsbull Evaluate Familybull Schoolbull Community bull Peers and Associations

OJJDP (cont)

bull Phase 1 (3 to 4 months)bull Probation agreement (behavior contract)bull Three contacts at random by surveillance officer per

weekbull Biweekly counseling sessions by probation counselorbull Team assessmentmdashprobation officer probation

counselor surveillance officermdashusing risk and needs assessment

bull Service delivery that addresses treatment needs

OJJDP

bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer

per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment

needs also increased parental responsibility

OJJDP

bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer

per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents

and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one

thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo

House Arrest

bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working

hours

Probation Then and Now

bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ

OJJDP (cont)

bull Phase 1 (3 to 4 months)bull Probation agreement (behavior contract)bull Three contacts at random by surveillance officer per

weekbull Biweekly counseling sessions by probation counselorbull Team assessmentmdashprobation officer probation

counselor surveillance officermdashusing risk and needs assessment

bull Service delivery that addresses treatment needs

OJJDP

bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer

per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment

needs also increased parental responsibility

OJJDP

bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer

per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents

and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one

thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo

House Arrest

bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working

hours

Probation Then and Now

bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ

OJJDP

bull Phase 2 (2 to 3 months)bull Two contacts at random by surveillance officer

per weekbull Service delivery that addresses treatment

needs also increased parental responsibility

OJJDP

bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer

per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents

and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one

thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo

House Arrest

bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working

hours

Probation Then and Now

bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ

OJJDP

bull Phase 3 (1 to 2 months)bull One contact at random by surveillance officer

per weekbull Complete formation of support group (parents

and significant others)bull Dischargebull ldquoMost IPSs are designed to accomplish only one

thing an increase in public safety through the close surveillance of offendersrdquo

House Arrest

bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working

hours

Probation Then and Now

bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ

House Arrest

bull Home confinementbull Usually part of ISPbull May be employed pre-trial or post-convictionbull Confines person to home during non-working

hours

Probation Then and Now

bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ

Probation Then and Now

bull Pp192-193 reviewbull Rate of people on Probationndash USDOJ

Questions

Program Evaluation

bull Source Probation Parole and Community Corrections 5th ed D Champion

Introduction

bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender

Program Evaluation

bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information

Measurements

bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation

Balancing Objectives and Needs

bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological

problems

Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)

bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification

Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates

bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural

environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months

bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up

Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)

bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense

Curbing Recidivism

bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings

bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources

bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed

Questions

Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry

Introduction

bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219

Scenario

bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped

bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo

bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews

bull Consider your recommendations for parole

Types of Parole

bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency

releases

Irish System

bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)

Significant Case Law

bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole

bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo

bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause

bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody

Significant Case Law (cont)

bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS

bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings

bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation

Significant Case Law (concl)

bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)

bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied

bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement

Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz

bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole

bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision

bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence

bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing

bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole

Use of Parole Today

bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day

bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole

Whybull Using classroom resources how many people

are on parole in your home state

Will Parole Continue or be Abolished

bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or

institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole

(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish

discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226

Program Evaluation

bull Source Probation Parole and Community Corrections 5th ed D Champion

Introduction

bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender

Program Evaluation

bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information

Measurements

bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation

Balancing Objectives and Needs

bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological

problems

Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)

bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification

Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates

bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural

environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months

bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up

Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)

bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense

Curbing Recidivism

bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings

bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources

bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed

Questions

Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry

Introduction

bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219

Scenario

bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped

bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo

bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews

bull Consider your recommendations for parole

Types of Parole

bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency

releases

Irish System

bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)

Significant Case Law

bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole

bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo

bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause

bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody

Significant Case Law (cont)

bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS

bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings

bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation

Significant Case Law (concl)

bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)

bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied

bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement

Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz

bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole

bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision

bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence

bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing

bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole

Use of Parole Today

bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day

bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole

Whybull Using classroom resources how many people

are on parole in your home state

Will Parole Continue or be Abolished

bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or

institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole

(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish

discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226

Introduction

bull How do we evaluate a programbull How do we know if it is workingbull How do we choose a program for an offender

Program Evaluation

bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information

Measurements

bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation

Balancing Objectives and Needs

bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological

problems

Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)

bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification

Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates

bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural

environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months

bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up

Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)

bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense

Curbing Recidivism

bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings

bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources

bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed

Questions

Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry

Introduction

bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219

Scenario

bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped

bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo

bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews

bull Consider your recommendations for parole

Types of Parole

bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency

releases

Irish System

bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)

Significant Case Law

bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole

bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo

bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause

bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody

Significant Case Law (cont)

bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS

bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings

bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation

Significant Case Law (concl)

bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)

bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied

bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement

Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz

bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole

bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision

bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence

bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing

bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole

Use of Parole Today

bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day

bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole

Whybull Using classroom resources how many people

are on parole in your home state

Will Parole Continue or be Abolished

bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or

institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole

(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish

discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226

Program Evaluation

bull American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)ndash Longitudinal study information

Measurements

bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation

Balancing Objectives and Needs

bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological

problems

Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)

bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification

Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates

bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural

environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months

bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up

Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)

bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense

Curbing Recidivism

bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings

bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources

bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed

Questions

Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry

Introduction

bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219

Scenario

bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped

bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo

bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews

bull Consider your recommendations for parole

Types of Parole

bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency

releases

Irish System

bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)

Significant Case Law

bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole

bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo

bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause

bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody

Significant Case Law (cont)

bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS

bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings

bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation

Significant Case Law (concl)

bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)

bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied

bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement

Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz

bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole

bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision

bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence

bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing

bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole

Use of Parole Today

bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day

bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole

Whybull Using classroom resources how many people

are on parole in your home state

Will Parole Continue or be Abolished

bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or

institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole

(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish

discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226

Measurements

bull Recidivism ratesbull Revocation ratesbull Technical violationsbull New arrestsbull Public perceptionsbull Cost v Efficiencybull Number of clientsbull Client evaluation

Balancing Objectives and Needs

bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological

problems

Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)

bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification

Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates

bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural

environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months

bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up

Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)

bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense

Curbing Recidivism

bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings

bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources

bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed

Questions

Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry

Introduction

bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219

Scenario

bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped

bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo

bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews

bull Consider your recommendations for parole

Types of Parole

bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency

releases

Irish System

bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)

Significant Case Law

bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole

bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo

bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause

bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody

Significant Case Law (cont)

bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS

bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings

bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation

Significant Case Law (concl)

bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)

bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied

bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement

Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz

bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole

bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision

bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence

bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing

bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole

Use of Parole Today

bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day

bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole

Whybull Using classroom resources how many people

are on parole in your home state

Will Parole Continue or be Abolished

bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or

institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole

(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish

discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226

Balancing Objectives and Needs

bull Facilitate offender reintegrationbull Continuing offender punishmentbull Heighten offender accountabilitybull Ensuring community protection safetybull Promote offender rehabilitationbull Improve offender life skillsbull Resolving offender social and psychological

problems

Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)

bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification

Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates

bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural

environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months

bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up

Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)

bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense

Curbing Recidivism

bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings

bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources

bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed

Questions

Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry

Introduction

bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219

Scenario

bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped

bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo

bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews

bull Consider your recommendations for parole

Types of Parole

bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency

releases

Irish System

bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)

Significant Case Law

bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole

bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo

bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause

bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody

Significant Case Law (cont)

bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS

bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings

bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation

Significant Case Law (concl)

bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)

bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied

bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement

Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz

bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole

bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision

bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence

bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing

bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole

Use of Parole Today

bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day

bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole

Whybull Using classroom resources how many people

are on parole in your home state

Will Parole Continue or be Abolished

bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or

institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole

(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish

discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226

Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)

bull Alleviate jails overcrowdingbull Monitoring offender behaviorsbull Reducing chemical dependency substance abusebull Collecting of fines fees restitutionbull Enforcing law community service ordersbull Employmentbull Lower rates of recidivismbull Budgetary justification

Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates

bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural

environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months

bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up

Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)

bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense

Curbing Recidivism

bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings

bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources

bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed

Questions

Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry

Introduction

bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219

Scenario

bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped

bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo

bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews

bull Consider your recommendations for parole

Types of Parole

bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency

releases

Irish System

bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)

Significant Case Law

bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole

bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo

bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause

bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody

Significant Case Law (cont)

bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS

bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings

bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation

Significant Case Law (concl)

bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)

bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied

bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement

Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz

bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole

bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision

bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence

bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing

bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole

Use of Parole Today

bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day

bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole

Whybull Using classroom resources how many people

are on parole in your home state

Will Parole Continue or be Abolished

bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or

institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole

(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish

discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226

Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates

bull Treatment strategy is empirically validbull Treatment delivered in offenderrsquos natural

environmentbull Varied intervention strategies employedbull Intensive nature of programndash Best in few months

bull Match client needs to learning style abilitybull Aftercare and follow up

Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)

bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense

Curbing Recidivism

bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings

bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources

bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed

Questions

Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry

Introduction

bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219

Scenario

bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped

bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo

bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews

bull Consider your recommendations for parole

Types of Parole

bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency

releases

Irish System

bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)

Significant Case Law

bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole

bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo

bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause

bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody

Significant Case Law (cont)

bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS

bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings

bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation

Significant Case Law (concl)

bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)

bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied

bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement

Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz

bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole

bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision

bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence

bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing

bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole

Use of Parole Today

bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day

bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole

Whybull Using classroom resources how many people

are on parole in your home state

Will Parole Continue or be Abolished

bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or

institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole

(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish

discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226

Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)

bull Malebull Younger than 30bull Education level below high schoolbull Lengthy arrest recordsbull No correctional supervision on new offensesbull Past juvenile offensesbull Similar crime pattern choicesbull Drug Alcohol dependencybull Unmarried divorced or widowedbull Employed at time of new offense

Curbing Recidivism

bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings

bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources

bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed

Questions

Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry

Introduction

bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219

Scenario

bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped

bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo

bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews

bull Consider your recommendations for parole

Types of Parole

bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency

releases

Irish System

bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)

Significant Case Law

bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole

bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo

bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause

bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody

Significant Case Law (cont)

bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS

bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings

bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation

Significant Case Law (concl)

bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)

bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied

bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement

Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz

bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole

bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision

bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence

bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing

bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole

Use of Parole Today

bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day

bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole

Whybull Using classroom resources how many people

are on parole in your home state

Will Parole Continue or be Abolished

bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or

institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole

(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish

discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226

Curbing Recidivism

bull National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) findings

bull Declining levels of financial assistance and narcotic treatment sources

bull Increased parole supervision caseloadsbull Jail overcrowdingbull More efficient parole systems needed

Questions

Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry

Introduction

bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219

Scenario

bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped

bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo

bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews

bull Consider your recommendations for parole

Types of Parole

bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency

releases

Irish System

bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)

Significant Case Law

bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole

bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo

bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause

bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody

Significant Case Law (cont)

bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS

bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings

bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation

Significant Case Law (concl)

bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)

bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied

bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement

Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz

bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole

bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision

bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence

bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing

bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole

Use of Parole Today

bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day

bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole

Whybull Using classroom resources how many people

are on parole in your home state

Will Parole Continue or be Abolished

bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or

institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole

(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish

discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226

Questions

Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry

Introduction

bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219

Scenario

bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped

bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo

bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews

bull Consider your recommendations for parole

Types of Parole

bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency

releases

Irish System

bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)

Significant Case Law

bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole

bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo

bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause

bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody

Significant Case Law (cont)

bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS

bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings

bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation

Significant Case Law (concl)

bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)

bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied

bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement

Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz

bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole

bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision

bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence

bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing

bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole

Use of Parole Today

bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day

bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole

Whybull Using classroom resources how many people

are on parole in your home state

Will Parole Continue or be Abolished

bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or

institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole

(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish

discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226

Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry

Introduction

bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219

Scenario

bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped

bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo

bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews

bull Consider your recommendations for parole

Types of Parole

bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency

releases

Irish System

bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)

Significant Case Law

bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole

bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo

bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause

bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody

Significant Case Law (cont)

bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS

bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings

bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation

Significant Case Law (concl)

bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)

bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied

bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement

Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz

bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole

bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision

bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence

bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing

bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole

Use of Parole Today

bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day

bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole

Whybull Using classroom resources how many people

are on parole in your home state

Will Parole Continue or be Abolished

bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or

institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole

(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish

discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226

Introduction

bull Story of Mike Danton Canadian citizen p 219

Scenario

bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped

bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo

bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews

bull Consider your recommendations for parole

Types of Parole

bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency

releases

Irish System

bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)

Significant Case Law

bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole

bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo

bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause

bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody

Significant Case Law (cont)

bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS

bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings

bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation

Significant Case Law (concl)

bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)

bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied

bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement

Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz

bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole

bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision

bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence

bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing

bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole

Use of Parole Today

bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day

bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole

Whybull Using classroom resources how many people

are on parole in your home state

Will Parole Continue or be Abolished

bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or

institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole

(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish

discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226

Scenario

bull Consider a female who at 19 in a jealous rage killed her boyfriend whom she found with another woman She attempted to kill the other woman who was wounded but escaped

bull Court sentenced thirty years to life in plea arrangement After twenty-two year eligible for parole ldquomodel prisonerrdquo

bull Still has living family-mother sister religious family nieces and nephews

bull Consider your recommendations for parole

Types of Parole

bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency

releases

Irish System

bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)

Significant Case Law

bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole

bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo

bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause

bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody

Significant Case Law (cont)

bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS

bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings

bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation

Significant Case Law (concl)

bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)

bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied

bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement

Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz

bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole

bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision

bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence

bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing

bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole

Use of Parole Today

bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day

bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole

Whybull Using classroom resources how many people

are on parole in your home state

Will Parole Continue or be Abolished

bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or

institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole

(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish

discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226

Types of Parole

bull Discretionary-Parole board decisionbull Mandatory-Sentence statutes emergency

releases

Irish System

bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)

Significant Case Law

bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole

bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo

bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause

bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody

Significant Case Law (cont)

bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS

bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings

bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation

Significant Case Law (concl)

bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)

bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied

bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement

Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz

bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole

bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision

bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence

bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing

bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole

Use of Parole Today

bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day

bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole

Whybull Using classroom resources how many people

are on parole in your home state

Will Parole Continue or be Abolished

bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or

institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole

(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish

discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226

Irish System

bull 1854 Sir Walter Croftonbull Six requirementsndash Weekly reporting to constabularyndash Abstain from additional violationsndash Abstain from bad peoplendash Refrain from ldquoidle and dissolute liferdquondash Keep documentation of leavendash Stay in jurisdiction report if leaving (p 220)

Significant Case Law

bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole

bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo

bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause

bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody

Significant Case Law (cont)

bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS

bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings

bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation

Significant Case Law (concl)

bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)

bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied

bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement

Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz

bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole

bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision

bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence

bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing

bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole

Use of Parole Today

bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day

bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole

Whybull Using classroom resources how many people

are on parole in your home state

Will Parole Continue or be Abolished

bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or

institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole

(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish

discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226

Significant Case Law

bull Morrissey v Brewer - 408 US 471 (1972) First significant SCOTUS ruling on parole

bull ldquoThough parole revocation does not call for the full panoply of rights due a defendant in a criminal proceeding a parolees liberty involves significant values within the protection of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentrdquo

bull Revocation of parole requires hearing under 14th Amendment Due Process clause

bull Can occur with defendant in or out of custody

Significant Case Law (cont)

bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS

bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings

bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation

Significant Case Law (concl)

bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)

bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied

bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement

Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz

bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole

bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision

bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence

bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing

bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole

Use of Parole Today

bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day

bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole

Whybull Using classroom resources how many people

are on parole in your home state

Will Parole Continue or be Abolished

bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or

institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole

(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish

discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226

Significant Case Law (cont)

bull Gagnon v Scarpelli 411 US 778 (1973) second parole ruling by SCOTUS

bull Defendants not necessarily entitled to right of counsel at parole revocation hearings

bull Defendants are entitled to preliminary and final revocation hearings (Cagnon 1 and 2 hearings)ndash Cagnon 1 hearing on hold or releasendash Cagnon 2 hearing on revocation

Significant Case Law (concl)

bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)

bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied

bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement

Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz

bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole

bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision

bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence

bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing

bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole

Use of Parole Today

bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day

bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole

Whybull Using classroom resources how many people

are on parole in your home state

Will Parole Continue or be Abolished

bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or

institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole

(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish

discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226

Significant Case Law (concl)

bull Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex 442 US 1 (1979)

bull If state law requires that prisoners be considered for parole upon meeting certain conditions 14th due process right to present evidence for their parole hearing and receive written notice of why if denied

bull Due process claim must legitimate claim of entitlement

Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz

bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole

bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision

bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence

bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing

bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole

Use of Parole Today

bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day

bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole

Whybull Using classroom resources how many people

are on parole in your home state

Will Parole Continue or be Abolished

bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or

institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole

(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish

discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226

Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz

bull 1Provide a full formal hearing for each inmate eligible for parole

bull 2Notify the prisoner in advance of the hearing and notify him of the factors that the Board may use to reach its decision

bull 3Allow the prisoner to appear in person before the Board and present evidence

bull 4Maintain a record of the proceedings that is capable of being reduced to writing

bull 5Furnish the prisoner with a full written explanation of the facts on which the Board relied and the reasons for the Boards decision to deny parole

Use of Parole Today

bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day

bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole

Whybull Using classroom resources how many people

are on parole in your home state

Will Parole Continue or be Abolished

bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or

institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole

(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish

discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226

Use of Parole Today

bull 1500-2000 inmates release on parole every day

bull Over 800000 on parole nationwidebull Most states have increased use of parole

Whybull Using classroom resources how many people

are on parole in your home state

Will Parole Continue or be Abolished

bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or

institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole

(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish

discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226

Will Parole Continue or be Abolished

bull Not politically popular to expand parolebull Consequences of ldquoprisonizationrdquo or

institutionalizing inmatesbull Some states have abolished discretionary parole

(list p 225)bull BJA Reportbull Discussion-should the states abolish

discretionary parole (board decision)bull Note the map 83 p 226

Parole Boards

bull Authority for granting parole to inmatesbull Varying composition from state to statebull Varying authority from state to state

Parole Board Decision Process

bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)

Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229

bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System

Parole Board Decision Process

bull Primary factorsbull Criminal Historybull Institutional Behaviorbull Type and severity of crimebull Political considerations (Sirhan Sirhan)

Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229

bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System

Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229

bull Age at first convictionbull Prior incarcerationsbull Number of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Severity of previous arrestsconvictionsbull Supervision failuresbull Connecticut System

Chapter 8The Crucial Phase of Reentry

Classroom Exercise

bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole

Findings

bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor

appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for

parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none

Parole Hearings

bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification

Conditions of Parole

bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised

Parole Revocation

bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion

Revocation Considerations

bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on

familybull Effect on prison population

Parole and Cognitive Transformation

bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters

ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter

bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)

Parole Profession

bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics

Classroom Exercise

bull Using classroom resources research the parole board in your home state Determine who comprises the board its authority how frequently it meets what number of people are on parole in that state any criteria the board uses to grant or deny parole any comments on the boardrsquos commitment to use parole

Findings

bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor

appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for

parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none

Parole Hearings

bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification

Conditions of Parole

bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised

Parole Revocation

bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion

Revocation Considerations

bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on

familybull Effect on prison population

Parole and Cognitive Transformation

bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters

ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter

bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)

Parole Profession

bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics

Findings

bull Minnesota-Nonebull South Carolina-7 members Governor

appoints grantdenyparolebull New York-14 members 1930 organized for

parole decisions 37000 on parolebull Illinois-none

Parole Hearings

bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification

Conditions of Parole

bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised

Parole Revocation

bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion

Revocation Considerations

bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on

familybull Effect on prison population

Parole and Cognitive Transformation

bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters

ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter

bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)

Parole Profession

bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics

Parole Hearings

bull Outlined in state law for proceduresbull Should assess risk factorsbull Objective and Subjective Assessmentbull Technology for ldquoremoterdquo hearingsbull Eligibility guidelines followedbull May involve interview of prospective paroleebull Victim Notification

Conditions of Parole

bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised

Parole Revocation

bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion

Revocation Considerations

bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on

familybull Effect on prison population

Parole and Cognitive Transformation

bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters

ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter

bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)

Parole Profession

bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics

Conditions of Parole

bull P 235bull Meet conditionsbull Reportsbull Compliancebull Behavioral modificationbull Supervised

Parole Revocation

bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion

Revocation Considerations

bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on

familybull Effect on prison population

Parole and Cognitive Transformation

bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters

ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter

bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)

Parole Profession

bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics

Parole Revocation

bull Termination hearingbull Review violation involvedbull What hearing rights exist if anyndash Discussion

Revocation Considerations

bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on

familybull Effect on prison population

Parole and Cognitive Transformation

bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters

ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter

bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)

Parole Profession

bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics

Revocation Considerations

bull Offenderrsquos loss of freedom in communitybull Cost to state involved bull Increased costs of re-incarcerationbull If offender is employed economic impact on

familybull Effect on prison population

Parole and Cognitive Transformation

bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters

ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter

bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)

Parole Profession

bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics

Parole and Cognitive Transformation

bull Behavioral changebull Consider Biblical characters

ndash Jacobndash Davidndash Woman at the wellndash Mary Magdaline (Mary of Magdala)ndash Peter

bull Cognitive change is individual perception change Requirementsndash Cognitive transformationndash Support groupndash Volitional change (my addition)

Parole Profession

bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics

Parole Profession

bull P 239bull American Probation and Parole Associationndash Code of Ethics

Effects of Incarceration

bull Offender re-entry into societybull Transitionndash Why difficultndash What obligations does the state havendash What actions should the state take

Effects of Re-Entry

bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims

Offender Notification Forums

bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244

bull More Chicago project

Effects of Re-Entry

bull High school drop outsbull Illiteracybull Mental health problemsbull Family issues (dysfunctional v nuclear)bull Victims

Offender Notification Forums

bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244

bull More Chicago project

Offender Notification Forums

bull DOJ funded projectbull Chicago projectbull Goals of ONFndash Options and consequences service optionsndash Perceptions of LEndash Reduction in crime ratesndash P 244

bull More Chicago project

Re-entry Courts

bull Working with offender in home communitybull Use of graduated sanctions enforcement re-

enforcementbull Similar to drug courtsbull Best practices

Best Practices

bull 1048707 Focus on motivation envisioning new roles and self-concepts and nurturing the

bull commitment to changebull 1048707 Provide for a gradual transition from the institution

structure of prison to an open schedulebull 1048707 Offer support and immediate access to income in

the days following release

Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available

jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like

transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness

to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as

little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention

Female Re-entry

bull P 246

Policy Implications

bull P 247

Key Terms

bull Review p 249

Conclusions

bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to

turn the tide (discussion)

Sources

bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf

Questions

Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision

Objectives

bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs

History

bull Videondash Discussion

bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate

bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow

up critical to success

Best Practices (cont)bull 1048707 Look for compatibilities between individualsrsquo temperaments and available

jobsbull 1048707 Provide non-punitive problem-solving assistancebull 1048707 Develop resources or provide access to concrete supports like

transportation interview andbull work clothes child care housing and foodbull 1048707 Create a well-developed network of potential employersbull 1048707 Cultivate employer satisfaction through frequent contact and willingness

to mediatebull conflictsbull 1048707 Coordinate employment and criminal justice commitments to provide as

little disruption tobull job responsibilities as possiblebull 1048707 Focus on job retention

Female Re-entry

bull P 246

Policy Implications

bull P 247

Key Terms

bull Review p 249

Conclusions

bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to

turn the tide (discussion)

Sources

bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf

Questions

Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision

Objectives

bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs

History

bull Videondash Discussion

bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate

bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow

up critical to success

Female Re-entry

bull P 246

Policy Implications

bull P 247

Key Terms

bull Review p 249

Conclusions

bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to

turn the tide (discussion)

Sources

bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf

Questions

Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision

Objectives

bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs

History

bull Videondash Discussion

bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate

bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow

up critical to success

Policy Implications

bull P 247

Key Terms

bull Review p 249

Conclusions

bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to

turn the tide (discussion)

Sources

bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf

Questions

Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision

Objectives

bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs

History

bull Videondash Discussion

bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate

bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow

up critical to success

Key Terms

bull Review p 249

Conclusions

bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to

turn the tide (discussion)

Sources

bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf

Questions

Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision

Objectives

bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs

History

bull Videondash Discussion

bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate

bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow

up critical to success

Conclusions

bull 23 of parolees rearrested win 3 yearsbull 25 reincarcerated within 3 years bull What policies can parole system develop to

turn the tide (discussion)

Sources

bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf

Questions

Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision

Objectives

bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs

History

bull Videondash Discussion

bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate

bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow

up critical to success

Sources

bull httpwwwctgovdoclibdocpdfRevalidationStudy2007pdf

Questions

Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision

Objectives

bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs

History

bull Videondash Discussion

bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate

bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow

up critical to success

Questions

Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision

Objectives

bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs

History

bull Videondash Discussion

bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate

bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow

up critical to success

Chapter 9Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision

Objectives

bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs

History

bull Videondash Discussion

bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate

bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow

up critical to success

Objectives

bull Identify features of correctional boot campsbull Effective characteristicsbull Benefits of jail-based community servicebull Basic elements of jail reentry programs

History

bull Videondash Discussion

bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate

bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow

up critical to success

History

bull Videondash Discussion

bull Nature of Correctional boot campsndash Youthful offendersndash Usually non-violent offensesndash 90-180 days ndash Cost effective alternative (but there are costs)ndash Failure rate

bull Recidivismbull Live Strong success in first time offenders less in repeat follow

up critical to success

History

bull First boot camps in Georgia Oklahoma Louisiana

bull Military stylebull Emphasis on discipline order obediencebull Physical conditioning physical laborbull Intense periodbull Usually alternative sentencingbull ldquoshock incarcerationrdquo philosophy

Influencing Factors for Boot Camps

bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification

Criticisms of Boot Camps

bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need

longer tours

Policy

bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)

bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving

bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism

bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding

Class Exercise

bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state

bull Are there any for adult offenders

Supervising Jail Offenders in Community

bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)

bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs

Work Release Programs

bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender

bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism

Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations

bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt

Re-Entry Plans

bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse

Program Treatment

bull Pp268ff

Questions

Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts

Objectives

bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness

Residential Community-Based Corrections

bull Day Reporting Center story

Influencing Factors for Boot Camps

bull ldquoGet Toughrdquo attitudebull Mandatory sentencing 3-Strikes Lawsbull Overcrowdingbull Directed effort at behavioral modification

Criticisms of Boot Camps

bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need

longer tours

Policy

bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)

bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving

bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism

bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding

Class Exercise

bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state

bull Are there any for adult offenders

Supervising Jail Offenders in Community

bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)

bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs

Work Release Programs

bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender

bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism

Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations

bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt

Re-Entry Plans

bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse

Program Treatment

bull Pp268ff

Questions

Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts

Objectives

bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness

Residential Community-Based Corrections

bull Day Reporting Center story

Criticisms of Boot Camps

bull Recidivism correlated to follow upbull Lack of emphasis on re-entry skillsbull ldquoLow dosagerdquo of time at boot camp-need

longer tours

Policy

bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)

bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving

bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism

bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding

Class Exercise

bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state

bull Are there any for adult offenders

Supervising Jail Offenders in Community

bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)

bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs

Work Release Programs

bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender

bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism

Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations

bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt

Re-Entry Plans

bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse

Program Treatment

bull Pp268ff

Questions

Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts

Objectives

bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness

Residential Community-Based Corrections

bull Day Reporting Center story

Policy

bull Adequate empirical evidence on hand (20 years)

bull Military-style training does not bring about change in thinking problem-solving

bull Aftercare and follow up crucial to reducing recidivism

bull Mixed results cost-benefit analysisbull Does it reduce overcrowding

Class Exercise

bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state

bull Are there any for adult offenders

Supervising Jail Offenders in Community

bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)

bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs

Work Release Programs

bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender

bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism

Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations

bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt

Re-Entry Plans

bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse

Program Treatment

bull Pp268ff

Questions

Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts

Objectives

bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness

Residential Community-Based Corrections

bull Day Reporting Center story

Class Exercise

bull Using classroom resources research whether or not juvenile boot camps are operated in your home state

bull Are there any for adult offenders

Supervising Jail Offenders in Community

bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)

bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs

Work Release Programs

bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender

bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism

Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations

bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt

Re-Entry Plans

bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse

Program Treatment

bull Pp268ff

Questions

Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts

Objectives

bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness

Residential Community-Based Corrections

bull Day Reporting Center story

Supervising Jail Offenders in Community

bull Most frequent contact of individuals with CJ system (pass through)

bull Jails making more frequent use of managing inmates outside of jail facilityndash Work release programsndash Community service programs

Work Release Programs

bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender

bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism

Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations

bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt

Re-Entry Plans

bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse

Program Treatment

bull Pp268ff

Questions

Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts

Objectives

bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness

Residential Community-Based Corrections

bull Day Reporting Center story

Work Release Programs

bull Maintain employment during confinementbull Economically attractive to statebull Facilitates Re-entry and reintegrationndash Financial safety net for offender

bull Effectivenessndash Lower recidivism

Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations

bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt

Re-Entry Plans

bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse

Program Treatment

bull Pp268ff

Questions

Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts

Objectives

bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness

Residential Community-Based Corrections

bull Day Reporting Center story

Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations

bull Begins prior to release continuesbull Comprehensive realisticbull Keep same oversight person responsiblebull Use of community resourcesbull Long-term health care concernsbull Recidivism does not preclude another attempt

Re-Entry Plans

bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse

Program Treatment

bull Pp268ff

Questions

Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts

Objectives

bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness

Residential Community-Based Corrections

bull Day Reporting Center story

Re-Entry Plans

bull Counselingbull Education supportbull Health counselingbull Living Assistancebull Faith-based Initiativesbull Substance Abuse

Program Treatment

bull Pp268ff

Questions

Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts

Objectives

bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness

Residential Community-Based Corrections

bull Day Reporting Center story

Program Treatment

bull Pp268ff

Questions

Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts

Objectives

bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness

Residential Community-Based Corrections

bull Day Reporting Center story

Questions

Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts

Objectives

bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness

Residential Community-Based Corrections

bull Day Reporting Center story

Chapter 10Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts

Objectives

bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness

Residential Community-Based Corrections

bull Day Reporting Center story

Objectives

bull Review half-way housesbull Discuss residential community programsbull Discuss day reporting centersbull Goals of drug courts effectiveness

Residential Community-Based Corrections

bull Day Reporting Center story

Residential Community-Based Corrections

bull Day Reporting Center story

Cont

bull Half-Way Housesndash Purpose of reintegration reentry ndash Structured living environmentndash Life skills counseling servicesndash Substance abuse treatment

Half-Way Houses

bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended

bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program

Half-Way Houses

bull Historyndash Massachusetts 1800sndash Massachusetts prison commission recommended

bull Public Perceptionbull Federal Prisoner Rehabilitation Act (HR 6964)bull Federal Reentry program

International Community Corrections Association

bull ICCA website Agenda itemsndash Improve capacity of CCndash Funding for programsndash Grantsndash Legislation to strengthen pre-release transitionndash Improve CC effectivenessbull Statutes accreditation etc

Reintegration

bull Shared responsibility between offender community

bull Social transition

Special Needs in CBC

bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles

Program Characteristics-2 Categories

bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability

Transitional Control

bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers

Benefits of CBC programs

bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety

interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

bull Pp287-289

Program Results

bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction

Exercise

bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers

Findings

bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo

bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission

Special Needs in CBC

bull Developmentally disabledbull Mental illnessbull Elderlybull Physically handicappedbull Substance abusebull Juveniles

Program Characteristics-2 Categories

bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability

Transitional Control

bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers

Benefits of CBC programs

bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety

interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

bull Pp287-289

Program Results

bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction

Exercise

bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers

Findings

bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo

bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission

Program Characteristics-2 Categories

bull Transitional Control Programndash Close monitor offenderrsquos adjustmentndash Small group housingndash Use of surveillance monitors ndash Strict rules (alcohol departure return etc)ndash Court ordered or administrative actionndash Variable length of stayndash Support and resident accountability

Transitional Control

bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers

Benefits of CBC programs

bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety

interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

bull Pp287-289

Program Results

bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction

Exercise

bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers

Findings

bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo

bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission

Transitional Control

bull Sex offenders other higher risk ineligiblebull Mental health problems ineligiblebull May incorporate volunteer supportbull May incorporate faith-based volunteers

Benefits of CBC programs

bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety

interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

bull Pp287-289

Program Results

bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction

Exercise

bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers

Findings

bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo

bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission

Benefits of CBC programs

bull Frees bed space for more serious offendersbull Monitors referralsbull Restricts offenderrsquos freedom for public safety

interestbull Self help workshops bull Positive change

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

bull Pp287-289

Program Results

bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction

Exercise

bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers

Findings

bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo

bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

bull Pp287-289

Program Results

bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction

Exercise

bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers

Findings

bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo

bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission

Program Results

bull Developed from a transitional phase into a type of intermediate sanction

Exercise

bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers

Findings

bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo

bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission

Exercise

bull Using classroom resources research your home statersquos use of ndash Half way housesndash Day reporting centers

Findings

bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo

bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission

Findings

bull Georgia Find A Halfway Housebull New Jersey Half-way housendash Men onlyndash Sober living environmentndash Multiple phases different purposes 12-stepndash ldquoGranite Houserdquo

bull Minnesotandash Many religious half-way houses faith-basedndash Optionalndash Self admission

bull New York Statendash 132 different locationsndash 5 in Brooklyn deteriorated areasndash Sober or alcohol living Faith-basedndash Rehab centersndash Come co-ed

bull South Carolinandash Columbia Charleston manyndash Some drug treatment in upstate

bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy

Day Reporting Centers

bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation

bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction

bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts

Growth of DRCs

bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states

bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)

bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class

bull Illinoisndash Alcohol and prescription drug treatmentndash Heroinndash Family therapy

Day Reporting Centers

bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation

bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction

bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts

Growth of DRCs

bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states

bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)

bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class

Day Reporting Centers

bull Day Reporting Centers (DRC) ndash Non residentialndash Non violent offendersndash Goal of rehabilitation

bull Origins in the UK 1970sndash Prison overcrowding reduction

bull First in US in 1986ndash Massachusetts

Growth of DRCs

bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states

bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)

bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class

Growth of DRCs

bull 1995ndash 114 centersndash 22 states

bull 2005ndash 4750 centersndash Nation wide (BJS)

bull Sedgwick County Kansasndash Read and discuss in class

DRCs

bull Georgia DRCsndash 16 locations in the statendash Intensive support on substance abusendash Approx 100 offenders per centerndash Failure of testing revocation hearingndash Adult educationndash 6 month after care follow up

bull DRC Facts Sheet

South Carolina

bull DOCndash No specific mention of DRCsndash DOC has substance abuse programs (link)ndash DRC termination unless legislature extends

DRC program components

bull Educational opportunitiesbull Employments skillsbull Psycho-educational programsbull Substance abuse treatmentbull Mental health therapybull Increased contact with offender staffbull Regular reporting

Goals of DRC

bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability

Drug Courts

bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases

substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story

Goals of DRC

bull Cost effectivebull Reduce recidivismbull Behavior modificationbull Offender responsibility accountability

Drug Courts

bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases

substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story

Drug Courts

bull First est in Dade County FL (Miami) 1989bull Reduction in substance abusebull Reduce court backlogbull Only jurisdiction is drug-related cases

substance abuse (not trafficking)bull Story

US Map

Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI

National Institute of Justice

bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo

Cost SavingsKalamazoo MI

National Institute of Justice

bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo

National Institute of Justice

bull NIJ Linkbull Click on tab ldquoDo Drug Courts Workrdquo

Key Components (p 299)

bull Integrate alcoholsubstance abuse treatments with case processing

bull Non adversarial (no prosecution) maintains due process rights

bull Monitored for ldquobeing cleanrdquobull Coordinated strategybull Ongoing interaction (six-twelve months usual)

Summary

bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs

bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation

reintegration

Questions

• Probation and Parole Unit 3
• Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
• Probation and ISP
• Juvenile Offenders
• ISP
• Probation
• Findings
• Conditions for Probation
• High Risk Offenders
• Remote Location Monitoring
• Three Values of EM
• OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
• OJJDP (cont)
• OJJDP
• OJJDP (2)
• House Arrest
• Probation Then and Now
• Questions
• Program Evaluation
• Introduction
• Program Evaluation (2)
• Measurements
• Balancing Objectives and Needs
• Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
• Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
• Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
• Curbing Recidivism
• Questions (2)
• Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
• Introduction (2)
• Scenario
• Types of Parole
• Irish System
• Significant Case Law
• Significant Case Law (cont)
• Significant Case Law (concl)
• Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
• Use of Parole Today
• Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
• Parole Boards
• Parole Board Decision Process
• Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
• Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
• Classroom Exercise
• Findings (2)
• Parole Hearings
• Conditions of Parole
• Parole Revocation
• Revocation Considerations
• Parole and Cognitive Transformation
• Parole Profession
• Effects of Incarceration
• Effects of Re-Entry
• Offender Notification Forums
• Re-entry Courts
• Best Practices
• Best Practices (cont)
• Female Re-entry
• Policy Implications
• Key Terms
• Conclusions
• Sources
• Questions (3)
• Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
• Objectives
• History
• History (2)
• Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
• Criticisms of Boot Camps
• Policy
• Class Exercise
• Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
• Work Release Programs
• Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
• Re-Entry Plans
• Program Treatment
• Questions (4)
• Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
• Objectives (2)
• Residential Community-Based Corrections
• Cont
• Half-Way Houses
• International Community Corrections Association
• Reintegration
• Special Needs in CBC
• Program Characteristics-2 Categories
• Transitional Control
• Benefits of CBC programs
• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
• Program Results
• Exercise
• Findings (3)
• Slide 93
• Slide 94
• Day Reporting Centers
• Growth of DRCs
• DRCs
• South Carolina
• DRC program components
• Goals of DRC
• Drug Courts
• US Map
• Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
• National Institute of Justice
• Key Components (p 299)
• Summary
• Questions (5)

Summary

bull Growing evidence that CBC approaches successfulndash Primarily measure in reduced recidivismndash Diminished costs

bull Not for all offendersbull Increases chances of rehabilitation

reintegration

Questions

• Probation and Parole Unit 3
• Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
• Probation and ISP
• Juvenile Offenders
• ISP
• Probation
• Findings
• Conditions for Probation
• High Risk Offenders
• Remote Location Monitoring
• Three Values of EM
• OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
• OJJDP (cont)
• OJJDP
• OJJDP (2)
• House Arrest
• Probation Then and Now
• Questions
• Program Evaluation
• Introduction
• Program Evaluation (2)
• Measurements
• Balancing Objectives and Needs
• Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
• Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
• Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
• Curbing Recidivism
• Questions (2)
• Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
• Introduction (2)
• Scenario
• Types of Parole
• Irish System
• Significant Case Law
• Significant Case Law (cont)
• Significant Case Law (concl)
• Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
• Use of Parole Today
• Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
• Parole Boards
• Parole Board Decision Process
• Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
• Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
• Classroom Exercise
• Findings (2)
• Parole Hearings
• Conditions of Parole
• Parole Revocation
• Revocation Considerations
• Parole and Cognitive Transformation
• Parole Profession
• Effects of Incarceration
• Effects of Re-Entry
• Offender Notification Forums
• Re-entry Courts
• Best Practices
• Best Practices (cont)
• Female Re-entry
• Policy Implications
• Key Terms
• Conclusions
• Sources
• Questions (3)
• Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
• Objectives
• History
• History (2)
• Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
• Criticisms of Boot Camps
• Policy
• Class Exercise
• Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
• Work Release Programs
• Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
• Re-Entry Plans
• Program Treatment
• Questions (4)
• Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
• Objectives (2)
• Residential Community-Based Corrections
• Cont
• Half-Way Houses
• International Community Corrections Association
• Reintegration
• Special Needs in CBC
• Program Characteristics-2 Categories
• Transitional Control
• Benefits of CBC programs
• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
• Program Results
• Exercise
• Findings (3)
• Slide 93
• Slide 94
• Day Reporting Centers
• Growth of DRCs
• DRCs
• South Carolina
• DRC program components
• Goals of DRC
• Drug Courts
• US Map
• Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
• National Institute of Justice
• Key Components (p 299)
• Summary
• Questions (5)

Questions

• Probation and Parole Unit 3
• Chapter 7 Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP)
• Probation and ISP
• Juvenile Offenders
• ISP
• Probation
• Findings
• Conditions for Probation
• High Risk Offenders
• Remote Location Monitoring
• Three Values of EM
• OJJDP Strategic Planning Tool
• OJJDP (cont)
• OJJDP
• OJJDP (2)
• House Arrest
• Probation Then and Now
• Questions
• Program Evaluation
• Introduction
• Program Evaluation (2)
• Measurements
• Balancing Objectives and Needs
• Balancing Objectives and Needs (cont)
• Factors Associated with Lower Recidivism Rates
• Characteristics of Recidivists (BJS)
• Curbing Recidivism
• Questions (2)
• Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry
• Introduction (2)
• Scenario
• Types of Parole
• Irish System
• Significant Case Law
• Significant Case Law (cont)
• Significant Case Law (concl)
• Due Process Requirements in Greenholtz
• Use of Parole Today
• Will Parole Continue or be Abolished
• Parole Boards
• Parole Board Decision Process
• Salient Factor Score (SFS) p 229
• Chapter 8 The Crucial Phase of Reentry (2)
• Classroom Exercise
• Findings (2)
• Parole Hearings
• Conditions of Parole
• Parole Revocation
• Revocation Considerations
• Parole and Cognitive Transformation
• Parole Profession
• Effects of Incarceration
• Effects of Re-Entry
• Offender Notification Forums
• Re-entry Courts
• Best Practices
• Best Practices (cont)
• Female Re-entry
• Policy Implications
• Key Terms
• Conclusions
• Sources
• Questions (3)
• Chapter 9 Boot Camps and Jail-Based Supervision
• Objectives
• History
• History (2)
• Influencing Factors for Boot Camps
• Criticisms of Boot Camps
• Policy
• Class Exercise
• Supervising Jail Offenders in Community
• Work Release Programs
• Re-entry Program Policy Recommendations
• Re-Entry Plans
• Program Treatment
• Questions (4)
• Chapter 10 Residential Day Reporting Drug Courts
• Objectives (2)
• Residential Community-Based Corrections
• Cont
• Half-Way Houses
• International Community Corrections Association
• Reintegration
• Special Needs in CBC
• Program Characteristics-2 Categories
• Transitional Control
• Benefits of CBC programs
• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
• Program Results
• Exercise
• Findings (3)
• Slide 93
• Slide 94
• Day Reporting Centers
• Growth of DRCs
• DRCs
• South Carolina
• DRC program components
• Goals of DRC
• Drug Courts
• US Map
• Cost Savings Kalamazoo MI
• National Institute of Justice
• Key Components (p 299)
• Summary
• Questions (5)